Reformed Re·formed" adjective 1. Corrected; amended; restored to purity or excellence; said, specifically, of the whole body of Protestant churches originating in the Reformation. Also, in a more restricted sense, of those who separated from Luther on the doctrine of consubstantiation, etc., and carried the Reformation, as they claimed, to a higher point. The Protestant churches founded by them in Switzerland, France, Holland, and part of Germany, were called the Reformed churches . The town was one of the strongholds of the Reformed faith.
Macaulay. 2. Amended in character and life; as, a reformed gambler or drunkard. 3. (Mil.) Retained in service on half or full pay after the disbandment of the company or troop; -- said of an officer. [ Eng.]
Reformer Re·form"er noun 1. One who effects a reformation or amendment; one who labors for, or urges, reform; as, a reformer of manners, or of abuses. 2. (Eccl.Hist.) One of those who commenced the reformation of religion in the sixteenth century, as Luther, Melanchthon, Zwingli, and Calvin.
Reformist Re·form"ist noun [ Confer French
réformiste .]
A reformer.
Reformly Re·form"ly adverb In the manner of a reform; for the purpose of reform. [ Obsolete]
Milton.
Refortification Re·for`ti·fi·ca"tion noun A fortifying anew, or a second time. Mitford.
Refortify Re·for"ti·fy transitive verb To fortify anew.
Refossion Re·fos"sion noun [ Latin
refodere ,
refossum , to dig up again. See
Fosse .]
The act of digging up again. [ Obsolete]
Bp. Hall.
Refound Re·found" transitive verb [ Prefix
re- +
found to cast; confer French
refondare . Confer
Refund .]
1. To found or cast anew. "Ancient bells
refounded ."
T. Warton. 2. To found or establish again; to re...stablish.
Refound Re·found" imperfect & past participle of Refind , transitive verb
Refounder Re·found"er noun One who refounds.
Refract Re·fract" transitive verb [
imperfect & past participle Refracted ;
present participle & verbal noun Refracting .] [ Latin
refractus , past participle of
refringere ; prefix
re- re- +
frangere to break: confer French
réfracter . SEe
FRacture , and confer
Refrain ,
noun ]
1. To bend sharply and abruptly back; to break off. 2. To break the natural course of, as rays of light orr heat, when passing from one transparent medium to another of different density; to cause to deviate from a direct course by an action distinct from reflection; as, a dense medium refrcts the rays of light as they pass into it from a rare medium.
Refractable Re·fract"a·ble adjective Capable of being refracted.
Refracted Re·fract"ed adjective 1. (Bot. & Zoology) Bent backward angularly, as if half- broken; as, a refracted stem or leaf. 2. Turned from a direct course by refraction; as, refracted rays of light.
Refracting Re·fract"ing adjective Serving or tending to refract; as, a refracting medium. Refracting angle of a prism (Opt.) ,
the angle of a triangular prism included between the two sides through which the refracted beam passes in the decomposition of light. --
Refracting telescope .
(Opt.) See under Telescope .
Refraction Re·frac"tion noun [ French
réfraction .]
1. The act of refracting, or the state of being refracted. 2. The change in the direction of ray of light, heat, or the like, when it enters obliquely a medium of a different density from that through which it has previously moved. Refraction out of the rarer medium into the denser, is made towards the perpendicular.
Sir I. Newton. 3. (Astron.) (a) The change in the direction of a ray of light, and, consequently, in the apparent position of a heavenly body from which it emanates, arising from its passage through the earth's atmosphere; -- hence distinguished as atmospheric refraction, or astronomical refraction. (b) The correction which is to be deducted from the apparent altitude of a heavenly body on account of atmospheric refraction, in order to obtain the true altitude. Angle of refraction (Opt.) ,
the angle which a refracted ray makes with the perpendicular to the surface separating the two media traversed by the ray. --
Conical refraction (Opt.) ,
the refraction of a ray of light into an infinite number of rays, forming a hollow cone. This occurs when a ray of light is passed through crystals of some substances, under certain circumstances. Conical refraction is of two kinds; external conical refraction , in which the ray issues from the crystal in the form of a cone, the vertex of which is at the point of emergence; and internal conical refraction , in which the ray is changed into the form of a cone on entering the crystal, from which it issues in the form of a hollow cylinder. This singular phenomenon was first discovered by Sir W. R. Hamilton by mathematical reasoning alone, unaided by experiment. --
Differential refraction (Astron.) ,
the change of the apparent place of one object relative to a second object near it, due to refraction; also, the correction required to be made to the observed relative places of the two bodies. --
Double refraction (Opt.) ,
the refraction of light in two directions, which produces two distinct images. The power of double refraction is possessed by all crystals except those of the isometric system. A uniaxial crystal is said to be optically positive (like quartz), or optically negative (like calcite), or to have positive , or negative , double refraction , according as the optic axis is the axis of least or greatest elasticity for light; a biaxial crystal is similarly designated when the same relation holds for the acute bisectrix. --
Index of refraction .
See under Index . --
Refraction circle (Opt.) ,
an instrument provided with a graduated circle for the measurement of refraction. --
Refraction of latitude ,
longitude ,
declination ,
right ascension ,
etc., the change in the apparent latitude, longitude, etc., of a heavenly body, due to the effect of atmospheric refraction. --
Terrestrial refraction ,
the change in the apparent altitude of a distant point on or near the earth's surface, as the top of a mountain, arising from the passage of light from it to the eye through atmospheric strata of varying density.
Refractive Re·fract"ive adjective [ Confer French
réfractif . See
Refract .]
Serving or having power to refract, or turn from a direct course; pertaining to refraction; as, refractive surfaces; refractive powers. Refractive index .
(Opt.) See Index of refraction , under Index . --
Absolute refractive index (Opt.) ,
the index of refraction of a substances when the ray passes into it from a vacuum. --
Relative refractive index (of two media)
(Opt.) ,
the ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence to the sine of the angle of refraction for a ray passing out of one of the media into the other.
Refractiveness Re·fract"ive·ness noun The quality or condition of being refractive.
Refractometer Re`frac·tom"e·ter noun [
Refraction +
-meter .]
(Opt.) A contrivance for exhibiting and measuring the refraction of light.
Refractor Re·fract"or (r...-fr...kt"...r)
noun Anything that refracts ; specifically:
(Opt.) A refracting telescope, in which the image to be viewed is formed by the refraction of light in passing through a convex lens.
Refractorily Re·frac"to·ri·ly adverb In a refractory manner; perversely; obstinately.
Refractoriness Re·frac"to·ri·ness noun The quality or condition of being refractory.
Refractory Re·frac"to·ry adjective [ Latin
refractorius , from
refringere : confer French
refractaire . See
Refract .]
1. Obstinate in disobedience; contumacious; stubborn; unmanageable; as, a refractory child; a refractory beast. Raging appetites that are
Most disobedient and refractory .
Shak. 2. Resisting ordinary treatment; difficult of fusion, reduction, or the like; -- said especially of metals and the like, which do not readily yield to heat, or to the hammer; as, a refractory ore. Syn. -- Perverse; contumacious; unruly; stubborn; obstinate; unyielding; ungovernable; unmanageable.
Refractory Re·frac"to·ry noun 1. A refractory person. Bp. Hall. 2. Refractoriness. [ Obsolete]
Jer. TAylor. 3. O Pottery ) A piece of ware covered with a vaporable flux and placed in a kiln, to communicate a glaze to the other articles. Knight.
Refracture Re·frac"ture noun (Surg.) A second breaking (as of a badly set bone) by the surgeon.
Refracture Re·frac"ture transitive verb (Surg.) To break again, as a bone.
Refragable Ref"ra·ga·ble adjective [ Late Latin
refragabilis , from Latin
refragari to oppose.]
Capable of being refuted; refutable. [ R.] --
Ref"ra*ga*ble*ness ,
noun [ R.] --
Ref`ra*ga*bil"i*ty (-b...l`...*t...)
noun [ R.]
Refragate Ref"ra·gate intransitive verb [ Latin
refragatus , past participle of
refragor .]
To oppose. [ R.]
Glanvill.
Refrain Re·frain" transitive verb [
imperfect & past participle Refrained (-fr?nd");
present participle & vb/ noun Refraining .] [ Middle English
refreinen , Old French
refrener , French
refr...ner , from Latin
refrenare ; influenced by Old French
refraindre to restrain, moderate, from Late Latin
refrangere , for Latin
refringere to break up, break (see
Refract ). Latin
refrenare is from prefix
re- back +
frenum bridle; confer Sanskrit
dh... to hold.]
1. To hold back; to restrain; to keep within prescribed bounds; to curb; to govern. His reson refraineth not his foul delight or talent.
Chaucer. Refrain thy foot from their path.
Prointransitive verb 15. 2. To abstain from [ Obsolete]
Who, requiring a remedy for his gout, received no other counsel than to refrain cold drink.
Sir T. Browne.
Refrain Re·frain" intransitive verb To keep one's self from action or interference; to hold aloof; to forbear; to abstain. Refrain from these men, and let them alone.
Acts v. 38. They refrained therefrom [ eating flesh] some time after.
Sir T. Browne. Syn. -- To hold back; forbear; abstain; withhold.
Refrain Re·frain" noun [ French
refrain , from Old French
refraindre ; confer Pr.
refranhs a refrain,
refranher to repeat. See
Refract ,
Refrain ,
v. ]
The burden of a song; a phrase or verse which recurs at the end of each of the separate stanzas or divisions of a poetic composition. We hear the wild refrain .
Whittier.
Refrainer Re·frain"er noun One who refrains.
Refrainment Re·frain"ment (-m
e nt)
noun Act of refraining. [ R.]
Reframe Re·frame" transitive verb To frame again or anew.
Refrangibility Re·fran`gi·bil"i·ty noun [ Confer French
réfrangibilité .]
The quality of being refrangible.
Refrangible Re·fran"gi·ble adjective [ Confer French
réfrangible . See
Refract .]
Capable of being refracted, or turned out of a direct course, in passing from one medium to another, as rays of light. --
Re*fran"gi*ble*ness ,
noun
Refrenation Ref`re·na"tion noun [ Latin
refrenatio . See
Refrain ,
transitive verb ]
The act of refraining. [ Obsolete]
Refresh Re·fresh" transitive verb [
imperfect & past participle Refreshed (-fr?sht");
present participle & verbal noun Refreshing .] [ Middle English
refreshen ,
refreschen , Old French
refreschir (cf. Old French
rafraischir ,
rafreschir , F.
rafra...chir ); prefix
re- re- +
fres fresh. French
frais . See
Fresh ,
adjective ]
1. To make fresh again; to restore strength, spirit, animation, or the like, to; to relieve from fatigue or depression; to reinvigorate; to enliven anew; to reanimate; as, sleep refreshes the body and the mind. Chaucer. Foer they have refreshed my spirit and yours.
1 Cor. xvi. 18. And labor shall refresh itself with hope.
Shak. 2. To make as if new; to repair; to restore. The rest refresh the scaly snakes that fol...
The shield of Pallas, and renew their gold.
Dryden. To refresh the memory ,
to quicken or strengthen it, as by a reference, review, memorandum, or suggestion. Syn. -- To cool; refrigerate; invigorate; revive; reanimate; renovate; renew; restore; recreate; enliven; cheer.
Refresh Re·fresh" noun The act of refreshing. [ Obsolete]
Daniel.
Refresher Re·fresh"er noun 1. One who, or that which, refreshes. 2. (Law) An extra fee paid to counsel in a case that has been adjourned from one term to another, or that is unusually protracted. Ten guineas a day is the highest refresher which a counsel can charge.
London Truth.
Refreshful Re·fresh"ful adjective Full of power to refresh; refreshing. --
Re*fresh"ful*ly ,
adverb
Refreshing Re·fresh"ing adjective Reviving; reanimating. --
Re*fresh"ing*ly ,
adverb --
Re*fresh"ing*ness ,
noun
Refreshment Re·fresh"ment (-m
e nt)
noun [ CF. Old French
refreschissement , French
rafraîchissement .]
1. The act of refreshing, or the state of being refreshed; restoration of strength, spirit, vigor, or liveliness; relief after suffering; new life or animation after depression. 2. That which refreshes; means of restoration or reanimation; especially, an article of food or drink.
Refret Re·fret" noun [ Old French
refret , Latin
refractus , past participle See
Refrain ,
noun ,
Refract .]
Refrain. [ Obsolete]
Bailey.
Refreyd Re·freyd" transitive verb [ Old French
refreidier .]
To chill; to cool. [ Obsolete]
Refreyded by sickness . . . or by cold drinks.
Chaucer.
Refrication Ref`ri·ca"tion noun [ Latin
refricare to rub again.]
A rubbing up afresh; a brightening. [ Obsolete]
A continual refrication of the memory.
Bp. Hall.
Refrigerant Re·frig"er·ant adjective [ Latin
refrigerans , present participle of
refrigerare : confer French
réfrigérant . See
Refrigerate .]
Cooling; allaying heat or fever. Bacon.
Refrigerant Re·frig"er·ant noun That which makes to be cool or cold; specifically, a medicine or an application for allaying fever, or the symptoms of fever; -- used also figuratively. Holland. "A
refrigerant to passion."
Blair.
Refrigerate Re·frig"er·ate (-āt)
transitive verb [
imperfect & past participle Refrigerated (- ā`tĕd);
present participle & verbal noun Refrigerating .] [ Latin
refrigeratus , past participle of
refrigerare ; prefix
re- re- +
frigerare to make cool, from
frigus ,
frigoris , coolness. See
Frigid .]
To cause to become cool; to make or keep cold or cool.
Refrigeration Re·frig`er·a"tion noun [ Confer French
réfrigération , Latin
refrigeratio .]
The act or process of refrigerating or cooling, or the state of being cooled.
Refrigerative Re·frig"er·a·tive adjective [ Confer French
réfrigératif .]
Cooling; allaying heat. --
noun A refrigerant. Crazed brains should come under a refrigerative treatment.
I. Taylor.
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