Chalaziferous Chal`a·zif"er·ous adjective [ Chalaza + -ferous .] Having or bearing chalazas.

Chalazion Cha·la"zi·on noun [ New Latin , from Greek ... dim. of ... hail, pimple.] (Medicine) A small circumscribed tumor of the eyelid caused by retention of secretion, and by inflammation of the Melbomian glands.

Chalazogamy Chal`a·zog"a·my noun [ Chalaza + -gamy , as in polygamy .] (Botany) A process of fecundation in which the pollen tube penetrates to the embryosac through the tissue of the chalaza, instead of entering through the micropyle. It was originally discovered by Treub in Casuarina , and has since been found to occur regularly in the families Betulaceæ and Juglandaceæ . Partial chalazogamy is found in Ulmus , the tube here penetrating the nucleus midway between the chalaza and micropyle. -- Chal`a*zo*gam"ic adjective

Chalcanthite Chal·can"thite noun [ Latin chalcanthum a solution of blue vitriol, Greek ....] (Min.) Native blue vitriol. See Blue vitriol , under Blue .

Chalcedonic Chal"ce·don"ic adjective Of or pertaining to chalcedony.

Chalcedony Chal·ced"o·ny (kăl*sĕd"o*nȳ or kăl"se*do*nȳ; 277) noun ; plural Chalcedonies (-nĭz). [ Latin chalcedonius , from Greek CHalkhdw`n Chalcedon, a town in Asia Minor, opposite to Byzantium: confer calcédoine , Middle English calcidoine , casidoyne . Confer Cassidony .] (Min.) A cryptocrystalline, translucent variety of quartz, having usually a whitish color, and a luster nearly like wax. [ Written also calcedony .]

» When chalcedony is variegated with with spots or figures, or arranged in differently colored layers, it is called agate ; and if by reason of the thickness, color, and arrangement of the layers it is suitable for being carved into cameos, it is called onyx . Chrysoprase is green chalcedony; carnelian , a flesh red, and sard , a brownish red variety.

Chalchihuitl Chal`chi·huitl" (chȧl`che*wetl") noun (Min.) The Mexican name for turquoise. See Turquoise .

Chalcid fly Chal"cid fly` [ From Greek chalko`s copper; in allusion to its metallic colors.] (Zoology) One of a numerous family of hymenopterous insects ( Chalcididæ . Many are gallflies, others are parasitic on insects.

Chalcidian Chal·cid"i·an noun [ Latin chalcis a lizard, Greek chalki`s .] (Zoology) One of a tropical family of snakelike lizards ( Chalcidæ ), having four small or rudimentary legs.

Chalcocite Chal"co·cite noun [ Greek chalko`s brass.] (Min.) Native copper sulphide, called also copper glance , and vitreous copper ; a mineral of a black color and metallic luster. [ Formerly written chalcosine .]

Chalcographer, Chalcographist Chal·cog"ra·pher, Chal·cog"ra·phist noun An engraver on copper or brass; hence, an engraver of copper plates for printing upon paper.

Chalcography Chal·cog"ra·phy noun [ Greek chalko`s copper, brass + -graphy .] The act or art of engraving on copper or brass, especially of engraving for printing.

Chalcopyrite Chal`co·pyr"ite noun [ Greek chalko`s brass + English pyrite . So named from its color.] (Min.) Copper pyrites, or yellow copper ore; a common ore of copper, containing copper, iron, and sulphur. It occurs massive and in tetragonal crystals of a bright brass yellow color.

Chaldaic Chal·da"ic adjective [ Latin Chaldaicus .] Of or pertaining to Chaldea. -- noun The language or dialect of the Chaldeans; Chaldee.

Chaldaism Chal"da·ism noun An idiom or peculiarity in the Chaldee dialect.

Chaldean Chal·de"an adjective [ Latin Chaldaeus .] Of or pertaining to Chaldea. -- noun (a) A native or inhabitant of Chaldea. (b) A learned man, esp. an astrologer; -- so called among the Eastern nations, because astrology and the kindred arts were much cultivated by the Chaldeans. (c) Nestorian.

Chaldee Chal"dee adjective Of or pertaining to Chaldea. -- noun The language or dialect of the Chaldeans; eastern Aramaic, or the Aramaic used in Chaldea.

Chaldee Paraphrase , A targum written in Aramaic.

Chaldrich, Chalder Chal"drich, Chal"der noun [ Icelandic tjaldr .] (Zoology) A kind of bird; the oyster catcher.

Chaldron Chal"dron noun [ Old French chaldron , French chaudron kettle. The same word as caldron .] An English dry measure, being, at London, 36 bushels heaped up, or its equivalent weight, and more than twice as much at Newcastle. Now used exclusively for coal and coke.

» In the United States the chaldron is ordinarily 2,940 lbs, but at New York it is 2,500 lbs. De Colange.

Chalet Cha·let" noun [ French] 1. A herdsman's hut in the mountains of Switzerland.

Chalets are summer huts for the Swiss herdsmen.
Wordsworth.

2. A summer cottage or country house in the Swiss mountains; any country house built in the style of the Swiss cottages.

Chalice Chal"ice noun [ OR. chalis , calice , Old French chalice , calice , French calice , from Latin calix , akin to Greek ... and English helmet . Confer Calice , Calyx .] A cup or bowl; especially, the cup used in the sacrament of the Lord's Supper.

Chaliced Chal"iced adjective Having a calyx or cup; cup-shaped. " Chaliced flowers." Shak.

Chalk Chalk noun [ Anglo-Saxon cealc lime, from Latin calx limestone. See Calz , and Cawk .] 1. (Min.) A soft, earthy substance, of a white, grayish, or yellowish white color, consisting of calcium carbonate, and having the same composition as common limestone.

2. (Fine Arts) Finely prepared chalk, used as a drawing implement; also, by extension, a compound, as of clay and black lead, or the like, used in the same manner. See Crayon .

Black chalk , a mineral of a bluish color, of a slaty texture, and soiling the fingers when handled; a variety of argillaceous slate. -- By a long chalk , by a long way; by many degrees. [ Slang] Lowell. -- Chalk drawing (Fine Arts) , a drawing made with crayons. See Crayon . -- Chalk formation . See Cretaceous formation , under Cretaceous . -- Chalk line , a cord rubbed with chalk, used for making straight lines on boards or other material, as a guide in cutting or in arranging work. -- Chalk mixture , a preparation of chalk, cinnamon, and sugar in gum water, much used in diarrheal affection, esp. of infants. -- Chalk period . (Geol.) See Cretaceous period , under Cretaceous . - - Chalk pit , a pit in which chalk is dug. -- Drawing chalk . See Crayon , noun , 1. -- French chalk , steatite or soapstone, a soft magnesian mineral. -- Red chalk , an indurated clayey ocher containing iron, and used by painters and artificers; reddle.

Chalk Chalk transitive verb [ imperfect & past participle Chalked ; present participle & verbal noun Chalking .] 1. To rub or mark with chalk.

2. To manure with chalk, as land. Morimer.

3. To make white, as with chalk; to make pale; to bleach. Tennyson.

Let a bleak paleness chalk the door.
Herbert.

To chalk out , to sketch with, or as with, chalk; to outline; to indicate; to plan. [ Colloq.] "I shall pursue the plan I have chalked out ." Burke.

Chalkcutter Chalk"cut`ter noun A man who digs chalk.

Chalkiness Chalk"i·ness noun The state of being chalky.

Chalkstone Chalk"stone` noun 1. A mass of chalk.

As chalkstones . . . beaten in sunder.
Isa. xxvii. 9.

2. (Medicine) A chalklike concretion, consisting mainly of urate of sodium, found in and about the small joints, in the external ear, and in other situations, in those affected with gout; a tophus.

Chalky Chalk"y adjective Consisting of, or resembling, chalk; containing chalk; as, a chalky cliff; a chalky taste.

Challenge Chal"lenge noun [ Middle English chalenge claim, accusation, challenge, Old French chalenge , chalonge , claim, accusation, contest, from Latin calumnia false accusation, chicanery. See Calumny .] 1. An invitation to engage in a contest or controversy of any kind; a defiance; specifically, a summons to fight a duel; also, the letter or message conveying the summons.

A challenge to controversy.
Goldsmith.

2. The act of a sentry in halting any one who appears at his post, and demanding the countersign.

3. A claim or demand. [ Obsolete]

There must be no challenge of superiority.
Collier.

4. (Hunting) The opening and crying of hounds at first finding the scent of their game.

5. (Law) An exception to a juror or to a member of a court martial, coupled with a demand that he should be held incompetent to act; the claim of a party that a certain person or persons shall not sit in trial upon him or his cause. Blackstone

6. An exception to a person as not legally qualified to vote. The challenge must be made when the ballot is offered. [ U. S.]

Challenge to the array (Law) , an exception to the whole panel. -- Challenge to the favor , the alleging a special cause, the sufficiency of which is to be left to those whose duty and office it is to decide upon it. -- Challenge to the polls , an exception taken to any one or more of the individual jurors returned. -- Peremptory challenge , a privilege sometimes allowed to defendants, of challenging a certain number of jurors (fixed by statute in different States) without assigning any cause. -- Principal challenge , that which the law allows to be sufficient if found to be true.

Challenge Chal"lenge transitive verb [ imperfect & past participle Challenged ; present participle & verbal noun Challenging .] [ Middle English chalengen to accuse, claim, Old French chalengier , chalongier , to claim, accuse, dispute, from Latin calumniar to attack with false accusations. See Challenge , noun , and confer Calumniate .] 1. To call to a contest of any kind; to call to answer; to defy.

I challenge any man to make any pretense to power by right of fatherhood.
Locke.

2. To call, invite, or summon to answer for an offense by personal combat.

By this I challenge him to single fight.
Shak.

3. To claim as due; to demand as a right.

Challenge better terms.
Addison.

4. To censure; to blame. [ Obsolete]

He complained of the emperors . . . and challenged them for that he had no greater revenues . . . from them.
Holland.

5. (Mil.) To question or demand the countersign from (one who attempts to pass the lines); as, the sentinel challenged us, with "Who comes there?"

6. To take exception to; question; as, to challenge the accuracy of a statement or of a quotation.

7. (Law) To object to or take exception to, as to a juror, or member of a court.

8. To object to the reception of the vote of, as on the ground that the person in not qualified as a voter. [ U. S.]

To challenge to the array, favor, polls . See under Challenge , noun

Challenge Chal"lenge intransitive verb To assert a right; to claim a place.

Where nature doth with merit challenge .
Shak.

Challengeable Chal"lenge·a·ble adjective That may be challenged.

Challenger Chal"len·ger noun One who challenges.

Challis Chal"lis noun [ French chaly , challis , a stuff made of goat's hair.] A soft and delicate woolen, or woolen and silk, fabric, for ladies' dresses. [ Written also chally .]

Chalon Cha"lon noun A bed blanket. [ Obsolete] Chaucer.

Chalybean Cha·lyb"e·an adjective [ Latin chalybeïus , from chalybs steel, Greek ....] 1. Of or pertaining to the Chalybes, an ancient people of Pontus in Asia Minor, celebrated for working in iron and steel.

2. Of superior quality and temper; -- applied to steel. [ Obsolete] Milton.

Chalybeate Cha·lyb"e·ate adjective [ New Latin chalybeatus , from chalubeïus . See Chalubean .] Impregnated with salts of iron; having a taste like iron; as, chalybeate springs.

Chalybeate Cha·lyb"e·ate noun Any water, liquid, or medicine, into which iron enters as an ingredient.

Chalybeous Cha·lyb"e·ous adjective (Zoology) Steel blue; of the color of tempered steel.

Chalybite Chal"y·bite noun (Min.) Native iron carbonate; -- usually called siderite .

Cham Cham transitive verb [ See Chap .] To chew. [ Obsolete or Prov. Eng.] Sir T. More.

Cham Cham noun [ See Khan .] The sovereign prince of Tartary; -- now usually written khan . Shak.

Chamade Cha·made noun [ French chamade , from Portuguese chamada , from chamar to call, from Latin clamare .] (Mil.) A signal made for a parley by beat of a drum.

They beat the chamade , and sent us carte blanche.
Addison.

Chamal Cha"mal noun [ Native name.] (Zoology) The Angora goat. See Angora goat , under Angora .

Chamber Cham"ber noun [ French chambre , from Latin camera vault, arched roof, in Late Latin chamber, from Greek ... anything with a vaulted roof or arched covering; confer Sanskrit kmar to be crooked. Confer Camber , Camera , Comrade .]

1. A retired room, esp. an upper room used for sleeping; a bedroom; as, the house had four chambers .

2. plural Apartments in a lodging house. "A bachelor's life in chambers ." Thackeray.

3. A hall, as where a king gives audience, or a deliberative body or assembly meets; as, presence chamber ; senate chamber .

4. A legislative or judicial body; an assembly; a society or association; as, the Chamber of Deputies; the Chamber of Commerce.

5. A compartment or cell; an inclosed space or cavity; as, the chamber of a canal lock; the chamber of a furnace; the chamber of the eye.

6. plural (Law.) A room or rooms where a lawyer transacts business; a room or rooms where a judge transacts such official business as may be done out of court.

7. A chamber pot. [ Colloq.]

8. (Mil.) (a) That part of the bore of a piece of ordnance which holds the charge, esp. when of different diameter from the rest of the bore; -- formerly, in guns, made smaller than the bore, but now larger, esp. in breech-loading guns. (b) A cavity in a mine, usually of a cubical form, to contain the powder. (c) A short piece of ordnance or cannon, which stood on its breech, without any carriage, formerly used chiefly for rejoicings and theatrical cannonades.

Air chamber . See Air chamber , in the Vocabulary. -- Chamber of commerce , a board or association to protect the interests of commerce, chosen from among the merchants and traders of a city. -- Chamber council , a secret council. Shak. -- Chamber counsel or counselor , a counselor who gives his opinion in private, or at his chambers, but does not advocate causes in court. -- Chamber fellow , a chamber companion; a roommate; a chum. -- Chamber hangings , tapestry or hangings for a chamber. -- Chamber lye , urine. Shak. -- Chamber music , vocal or instrumental music adapted to performance in a chamber or small apartment or audience room, instead of a theater, concert hall, or church. -- Chamber practice (Law.) , the practice of counselors at law, who give their opinions in private, but do not appear in court. -- To sit at chambers , to do business in chambers, as a judge.

Chamber Cham"ber intransitive verb [ imperfect & past participle Chambered ; present participle & verbal noun Chambering .] 1. To reside in or occupy a chamber or chambers.

2. To be lascivious. [ Obsolete]

Chamber Cham"ber transitive verb 1. To shut up, as in a chamber. Shak.

2. To furnish with a chamber; as, to chamber a gun.

Chambered Cham"bered adjective Having a chamber or chambers; as, a chambered shell; a chambered gun.

Chamberer Cham"ber·er noun 1. One who attends in a chamber; a chambermaid. [ Obsolete] Chaucer.

2. A civilian; a carpetmonger. [ Obsolete]

Chambering Cham"ber·ing noun Lewdness. [ Obsolete] Rom. xiii. 13.

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