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 mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary
Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary
Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK
Words: 116197


jonquille
<botany> A bulbous plant of the genus Narcissus (N. Jonquilla), allied to the daffodil. It has long, rushlike leaves, and yellow or white fragrant flowers. The root has emetic properties. It is sometimes called the rush-leaved daffodil. ... Origin: F. Jonquille, fr. L. Juncus a rush, because it has rushlike leaves. ... Source: Websters Dictiona …

Jonston, Johns
<person> Scottish physician in Poland, 1603-1675. ... See: Jonston's alopecia, Jonston's area. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Jonston's area
An obsolete term for alopecia areata. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Jordan's rule
<genetics> An evolutionary rule that states that the closest genetic relatives of a given species are found very near it, but the two groups are isolated by some kind of natural barrier (such as a river) that neither species can cross easily. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

josamycin
<chemical> Leucomycin v, 3-acetate, 4 beta-(3-methylbutanoate). A macrolide antibiotic from streptomyces narbonensis. The drug has antimicrobial activity against a wide spectrum of pathogens. ... Pharmacological action: antibiotics, macrolide. ... Chemical name: Leucomycin V, 3-acetate 4B-(3-methylbutanoate) ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Joseph knife
A knife for use in rhinoplasty to separate the overlying skin from the nasal dorsum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Joseph Lister
Synonym for Lister, Joseph ... <person> Lister's surgical achievements certainly place him as the figurehead of English medicine. Born into a studious Quaker family in Upton, England, where his father was a wealthy wine merchant and also a maker of optical instruments, Joseph was influenced into scientific problems. ... While a medical student, …

Joseph rhinoplasty
An obsolete term for reduction and reshaping of the nose. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Joseph, Jacques
<person> German surgeon, 1865-1934. ... See: Joseph rhinoplasty, Joseph knife. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Joseph's clamp
A clamp used after rhinoplasty to maintain or improve the alignment of the bony support of the nose. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

joss
A Chinese household divinity; a Chinese idol. 'Critic in jars and josses.' Joss house, a Chinese temple or house for the Chinese mode of worship. Joss stick, a reed covered with a paste made of the dust of odouriferous woods, or a cylinder made wholly of the paste; burned by the Chinese before an idol. ... Origin: Chinese, corrupt. Fr. Pg. Deos God, …

jostle
To run against and shake; to push out of the way; to elbow; to hustle; to disturb by crowding; to crowd against. 'Bullies jostled him.' 'Systems of movement, physical, intellectual, and moral, which are perpetually jostling each other.' (I. Taylor) ... Origin: A dim. Of joust, just, v. See Joust, and cf. Justle ... Alternative forms: justle. ... Sourc …

Joubert, Marie
<person> 20th century Canadian neurologist. ... See: Joubert's syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Joubert's syndrome
<syndrome> Agenesis of the cerebellar vermis, characterised clinically by attacks of tachypnea or prolonged apnea, abnormal eye movements, ataxia, and mental retardation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

joule
<unit> SI unit of energy. ... 1 Joule = 1E7 ergs = 1 Watt of power occurring for one second. 1 Joule is roughly 0.001 BTU and 1 calorie is roughly 4 joules. There are 3.6 million joules in a kilowatt hour. ... (14 Oct 1997) ...

Joule, James
<person> British physicist, 1818-1889. ... See: joule, Joule's equivalent. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Joule's equivalent
The dynamic equivalent of heat; the amount of work converted to heat that will raise the temperature of 1 pound of water 1°F is 778 foot-pounds; in metric units, 1 calorie, which raises 1 gram of water 1°C, equals 4.184 &times; 107 dyne-centimeters, which equals 4.184 joules. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

journal article
The predominant publication type for articles and other items indexed for nlm databases. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

journalism, dental
Content, management, editing, policies, and printing of dental periodicals such as journals, newsletters, tabloids, and bulletins. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

journalism, medical
The collection, writing, and editing of material of current interest for presentation through the mass media, including newspapers, magazines, radio, or television, usually for a public audience such as health care consumers. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

joust
To engage in mock combat on horseback, as two knights in the lists; to tilt. ... Alternative forms: just] 'For the whole army to joust and tourney.' (Holland) ... Origin: OE. Justen, jousten, OF. Jouster, jouster, joster, F. Jouter, fr. L. Juxta near to, nigh, from the root of jungere to join. See Join, and cf. Jostle. ... A tilting match; a mock comb …

Js antigen
sutter Blood Group ...

jubilee
1. Every fiftieth year, being the year following the completion of each seventh sabbath of years, at which time all the slaves of Hebrew blood were liberated, and all lands which had been alienated during the whole period reverted to their former owners. [In this sense spelled also, in some English Bibles, jubile. ... 2. The joyful commemoration hel …

juccuya
Synonym for cutaneous leishmaniasis ... Infection with promastigotes (leptomonads) of Leishmania tropica and of leishmaniasis major inoculated into the skin by the bite of an infected sandfly, Phlebotomus (commonly P. Papatasi); it is endemic in parts of Asia Minor, northern Africa, and India, and is known by innumerable names, each indicating its l …

judaism
The religion of the jews characterised by belief in one god and in the mission of the jews to teach the fatherhood of god as revealed in the hebrew scriptures. (webster, 3d ed) ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

judas
The disciple who betrayed Christ. Hence: A treacherous person; one who betrays under the semblance of friendship. ... Treacherous; betraying. Judas hole, a peephole or secret opening for spying. Judas kiss, a deceitful and treacherous kiss. ... <botany> Judas tree, a leguminous tree of the genus Cercis, with pretty, rose-coloured flowers in clu …

judge
1. A public officer who is invested with authority to hear and determine litigated causes, and to administer justice between parties in courts held for that purpose. 'The parts of a judge in hearing are four: to direct the evidence; to moderate length, repetition, or impertinency of speech; to recapitulate, select, and collate the material points o …

judgment
1. The act of judging; the operation of the mind, involving comparison and discrimination, by which a knowledge of the values and relations of thins, whether of moral qualities, intellectual concepts, logical propositions, or material facts, is obtained; as, by careful judgment he avoided the peril; by a series of wrong judgments he forfeited confi …

Judkins technique
A method of selective coronary artery catheterization utilizing the standard Seldinger technique through a percutaneous femoral artery puncture. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Judkins, Melvin
<person> U.S. Radiologist, 1922-1985; pioneer in coronary angiography and angioplasty. ... See: Judkins technique. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

juga
Plural of jugum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

jugal bone
Synonym for zygomatic bone ... A quadrilateral bone which forms the prominence of the cheek; it articulates with the frontal, sphenoid, temporal, and maxillary bone. ... Synonym: os zygomaticum, cheek bone, jugal bone, mala, malar bone, os malare, yoke bone, zygoma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

jugal ligament
Synonym for cricopharyngeal ligament ... <anatomy> An elastic band connecting the tip of the corniculate (Santorini's) cartilage and the lamina of the cricoid cartilage and continuing into the pharyngeal mucosa covering the cricoid lamina. ... Synonym: ligamentum cricopharyngeum, corniculopharyngeal ligament, cricosantorinian ligament, jugal li …

jugal point
Synonym for jugale ... A craniometric point at the union of the temporal and frontal processes of the zygomatic bone. ... Synonym: jugal point. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

jugale
A craniometric point at the union of the temporal and frontal processes of the zygomatic bone. ... Synonym: jugal point. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

juglone hydroxylase
<enzyme> Catalyses the hydroxylation of juglone to 3-hydroxyjuglone; requires o2, but does not incorporate it into juglone; does not require nad or flavin cofactors ... Registry number: EC 1.10.3.- ... Synonym: naphthazarin hydroxylase, 1,4-naphthoquinone hydroxylase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

jugomaxillary
Relating to the zygomatic bone and the maxilla. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

jugular
1. <anatomy> Of or pertaining to the throat or neck; as, the jugular vein. Of or pertaining to the jugular vein; as, the jugular foramen. ... 2. <zoology> Having the ventral fins beneath the throat; said of certain fishes. ... Origin: L. Jugulum the collar bone, which joins together the shoulders and the breast, the throat, akin to junger …

jugular bulb
Synonym for bulb of jugular vein ... <anatomy, vein> One of two dilated parts of the internal jugular vein: the superior bulb (Heister's diverticulum) is a dilation at the beginning of the internal jugular vein in the jugular fossa of the temporal bone; the inferior bulb is a dilat ed portion of the vein just before it reaches the brachiocepha …

jugular duct
Synonym for jugular lymphatic trunk ... Lymphatic vessel on each side, conveying the lymph from the head and neck; that on the right side empties into the right lymphatic duct, that on the left into the thoracic duct. ... Synonym: truncus jugularis, jugular duct. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

jugular embryocardia
Synonym for atrial flutter ... <cardiology> A rapid well organised contraction of the atrium at a rate of 250-350 contractions per minute. ... Ventricular response rates are usually some multiple of 300. ECG shows sawtooth waves. Atrial flutter is considered a serious and potentially unstable rhythm. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

jugular foramen
A passage between the petrous portion of the temporal bone and the jugular process of the occipital, sometimes divided into two by the intrajugular processes; it contains the internal jugular vein, inferior petrosal sinus, the glossopharyngeal, vagus, and accessory nerves, and meningeal branches of the ascending pharyngeal and occipital arteries.
jugular foramen syndrome
Synonym for Avellis' syndrome ... <syndrome> Unilateral paralysis of the larynx and velum palati, with contralateral loss of pain and temperature sensibility in the parts below. ... Synonym: jugular foramen syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

jugular fossa
An oval depression near the posterior border of the petrous portion of the temporal bone, medial to the styloid process, in which lies the beginning of the internal jugular vein (jugular bulb). ... Synonym: fossa jugularis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

jugular ganglion
Synonym for superior ganglion of glossopharyngeal nerve ... <anatomy, nerve> The upper and smaller of two ganglia on the glossopharyngeal nerve as it traverses the jugular foramen. ... Synonym: ganglion superius nervi glossopharyngei, Ehrenritter's ganglion, intracranial ganglion, jugular ganglion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

jugular gland
Synonym for signal node ... A firm supraclavicular lymph node, especially on the left side, sufficiently enlarged that it is palpable from the cutaneous surface; such a lymph node is so termed because it may be the first recognised presumptive evidence of a malignant neoplasm in one of the viscera. A signal node that is known to contain a metastasis …

jugular glomus
A microscopic collection of chemoreceptor tissue in the adventitia of the jugular bulb; a tumour of this glomus may cause paralysis of the vocal cords, attacks of dizziness, blackouts, and nystagmus. ... Synonym: glomus jugulare. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

jugular lymphatic trunk
Lymphatic vessel on each side, conveying the lymph from the head and neck; that on the right side empties into the right lymphatic duct, that on the left into the thoracic duct. ... Synonym: truncus jugularis, jugular duct. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

jugular nerve
<anatomy, nerve> A communicating branch between the superior cervical ganglion of the sympathetic nerve, the superior ganglion of the vagus nerve, and the inferior ganglion of the glossopharyngeal nerve. ... Synonym: nervus jugularis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

jugular notch of occipital bone
The notch in the occipital bone which forms one boundary of the jugular foramen. ... Synonym: incisura jugularis ossis occipitalis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

jugular notch of temporal bone
The notch in the temporal bone which forms one boundary of the jugular foramen. ... Synonym: incisura jugularis ossis temporalis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

jugular plexus
A lymphatic plexus which includes the deep cervical group of lymph nodes, with their afferent and efferent vessels, extending along the internal jugular vein. (carotid sheath). ... Synonym: plexus jugularis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

jugular process
A short process jutting out from the posterior part of the condyle of the occipital bone, its anterior border forming the posterior boundary of the jugular foramen. ... Synonym: processus jugularis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

jugular pulse
The venous pulse as observed in the jugular veins of the neck, usually the deep jugular veins. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

jugular tubercle
An oval elevation on the cerebral surface of the lateral part of the occipital bone, on either side of the foramen magnum above the hypoglossal canal. ... Synonym: tuberculum jugulare. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

jugular veins
Veins in the neck which drain the brain, face, and neck into the brachiocephalic or subclavian veins. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

jugular venous arch
A connecting vein between the two anterior jugular veins in the suprasternal space. ... Synonym: arcus venosus juguli. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

jugular wall of middle ear
Synonym for floor of tympanic cavity ... The floor of the tympanic cavity; a thin plate of bone separating the tympanic cavity from the jugular fossa. ... Synonym: paries jugularis cavi tympani, fundus tympani, inferior wall of tympanic cavity, jugular wall of middle ear. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

jugulo-omohyoid lymph node
A lymph node of the lateral deep cervical group that lies above the intermediate tendon of the omohyoid muscle and anterior to the internal jugular vein; it receives lymphatic drainage from the submental, submandibular, and deep anterior cervical nodes; its efferent vessels go to other deep lateral cervical nodes. ... Synonym: nodus jugulo-omohyoide …

jugulo-omohyoid node
Synonym for jugulo-omohyoid lymph node ... A lymph node of the lateral deep cervical group that lies above the intermediate tendon of the omohyoid muscle and anterior to the internal jugular vein; it receives lymphatic drainage from the submental, submandibular, and deep anterior cervical nodes; its efferent vessels go to other deep lateral cervical …

jugulodigastric lymph node
A prominent lymph node in the deep lateral cervical group lying below the digastric muscle and anterior to the internal jugular vein; it receives lymphatic drainage from the pharynx, palatine tonsil, and tongue. ... Synonym: nodus jugulodigastricus, jugulodigastric node, subdigastric node. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

jugulodigastric node
Synonym for jugulodigastric lymph node ... A prominent lymph node in the deep lateral cervical group lying below the digastric muscle and anterior to the internal jugular vein; it receives lymphatic drainage from the pharynx, palatine tonsil, and tongue. ... Synonym: nodus jugulodigastricus, jugulodigastric node, subdigastric node. ... (05 Mar 2000)
jugum alveolare
One of the eminences on the outer surface of the alveolar process of the maxilla or mandible, formed by the roots of the incisor teeth. ... Synonym: alveolar yoke. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

jugum sphenoidale
A plane surface on the sphenoid bone, in front of the sella turcica, connecting the two lesser wings, and forming part of the anterior cranial fossa and especially later in life, the roof of the anteriormost portion of the sphenoidal sinus. ... Synonym: planum sphenoidale. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

juice
The characteristic fluid of any vegetable or animal substance; the sap or part which can be expressed from fruit, etc.; the fluid part which separates from meat in cooking. 'An animal whose juices are unsound.' (Arbuthnot) 'The juice of July flowers.' (B. Jonson) 'The juice of Egypt's grape.' (Shak) 'Letters which Edward Digby wrote in lemon juice. …

jujube
The sweet and edible drupes (fruits) of several Mediterranean and African species small trees, of the genus Zizyphus, especially the Z. Jujuba, Z. Vulgaris, Z. Mucronata, and Z. Lotus. The last named is thought to have furnished the lotus of the ancient Libyan Lotophagi, or lotus eaters. Jujube paste, the dried or inspissated jelly of the jujube; a …

Jukes
The pseudonym for a celebrated family, most of whose members were social misfits, feebleminded, and degenerate. ... See: Kallikak. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

julep
1. A refreshing drink flavored with aromatic herbs; especially. ... <medicine> A sweet, demulcent, acidulous, or mucilaginous mixture, used as a vehicle. 'Honey in woods, juleps in brooks.' (H. Vaughan) ... 2. A beverage composed of brandy, whisky, or some other spirituous liquor, with sugar, pounded ice, and sprigs of mint. ... Synonym: mint ju …

jump
1. To pass by a spring or leap; to overleap; as, to jump a stream. ... 2. To cause to jump; as, he jumped his horse across the ditch. ... 3. To expose to danger; to risk; to hazard. 'To jump a body with a dangerous physic.' (Shak) ... 4. To join by a butt weld. To thicken or enlarge by endwise blows; to upset. ... 5. To bore with a jumper. To jump a cl …

jump flap
A distant flap transferred in stages via an intermediate carrier; e.g., an abdominal flap is attached to the wrist, then at a later stage the wrist is brought to the face. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

jumper
1. One who, or that which, jumps. ... 2. A long drilling tool used by masons and quarrymen. ... 3. A rude kind of sleigh; usually, a simple box on runners which are in one piece with the poles that form the thills. ... 4. <zoology> The larva of the cheese fly. See Cheese fly, under Cheese. ... 5. A name applied in the 18th century to certain Calv …

jumper disease of Maine
Synonym for jumping disease ... One of the pathological startle syndromes found in isolated parts of the world, characterised by greatly exaggerated responses, such as jumping, flinging the arms and yelling, to minimal stimuli. ... Synonym: jumping Frenchmen of Maine disease, jumper disease of Maine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

jumping
Of Jump, to leap. Jumping bean, a seed of a Mexican Euphorbia, containing the larva of a moth (Carpocapsa saltitans). The larva by its sudden movements causes the seed to roll to roll and jump about. Jumping deer, spider of the genus Salticus and other related genera; one of the Saltigradae; so called because it leaps upon its prey. ... Source: Webs …

jumping disease
One of the pathological startle syndromes found in isolated parts of the world, characterised by greatly exaggerated responses, such as jumping, flinging the arms and yelling, to minimal stimuli. ... Synonym: jumping Frenchmen of Maine disease, jumper disease of Maine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

jumping gene
<molecular biology> Populist term for transposon. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

jumping the bite
An orthodontic technique for correcting a crossbite, usually anterior. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

jun
<oncogene> Oncogene from an avian sarcoma retrovirus found in chickens carriers, and which causes fibrosarcoma tumours. ... The normal product of the proto-oncogene is transcription regulation factor AP-1, which is formed by dimerisation with fos via a zipper motif. ... The product of the oncogene causes abnormal gene transcription rates. ... (2 …

junction
1. The act of joining, or the state of being joined; union; combination; coalition; as, the junction of two armies or detachments; the junction of paths. ... 2. The place or point of union, meeting, or junction; specifically, the place where two or more lines of railway meet or cross. Junction plate, the switch, or movable, rails, connecting one lin …

junction nevus
A nevus consisting of nests of melanocytes in the basal cell zone, at the junction of the epidermis and dermis, appearing as a slightly raised, small, flat, nonhairy pigmented (brown or black) tumour. ... Synonym: epidermic-dermic nevus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

junction of lips
Synonym for commissure of lips ... The junction of the lips lateral to the angle of the mouth. ... Synonym: commissura labiorum, junction of lips. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

junction potential
<physiology> Potential difference at the boundary between dissimilar solutions, arises from differences in diffusion constants between ions. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

junctional basal lamina
<cell biology> Specialised region of the extracellular matrix surrounding a muscle cell, at the neuromuscular junction. May be responsible for localisation of acetylcholine receptors in the synaptic region and also binds acetylcholine esterase to this region ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

junctional complex
The attachment zone between epithelial cells, typically consisting of the zonula occludens, the zonula adherens, and the macula adherens (desmosome). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

junctional cyst
A cyst of the testis arising from the structures connecting the rete testis with the epididymis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

junctional epithelium
A collar of epthelial cells attached to the tooth surface and subepithelial connective tissue found at the base of the gingival crevice. ... Synonym: epithelial attachment. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

junctional extrasystole
Synonym for atrioventricular extrasystole ... An extrasystole arising from the 'junctional' tissues, either the A-V node or A-V bundle. ... Synonym: junctional extrasystole. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

junctional rhythm
Rhythms originating anywhere within the A-V junction. Formerly, 'A-V nodal' or simply 'nodal' rhythms. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

junctional tachycardia
Supraventricular tachycardia arising from the atrioventricular junction (formerly called nodal tachycardia). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

junctions
See: adherens junction, desmosome, gap junction, zonula occludens. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

junctura
Synonym: joint. ... 2. The point, line, or surface of union of two parts, mainly bones or cartilages. ... Synonym: junction, juncture. ... Origin: L. A joining ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

junctura cartilaginea
Synonym for cartilaginous joint ... A joint in which the apposed bony surfaces are united by cartilage; they are divided into synchondroses and symphyses; in synchondroses, the cartilage connecting the apposed surfaces is, as a rule, ultimately converted to bone, as between epiphyses and diaphyses of long bones; exceptions are the sternal synchondro …

junctura fibrosa
Synonym for fibrous joint ... A union of two bones by fibrous tissue such that there is no joint cavity and almost no motion possible; the types of fibrous joints are sutures, syndesmoses, and gomphoses. ... Synonym: articulatio fibrosa, immovable joint, junctura fibrosa, synarthrodia, synarthrodial joint. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

junctura lumbosacralis
Synonym for lumbosacral joint ... The articulation of the fifth lumbar vertebra with the sacrum. ... Synonym: articulatio lumbosacralis, junctura lumbosacralis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

junctura sacrococcygea
Synonym for sacrococcygeal joint ... The cartilaginous articulation of the coccyx with the sacrum. ... Synonym: articulatio sacrococcygea, coccygeal joint, junctura sacrococcygea, sacrococcygeal junction, symphysis sacrococcygea. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

junctura synovialis
Synonym for synovial joint ... A joint in which the opposing bony surfaces are covered with a layer of hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage, there is a joint cavity containing synovial fluid, lined with synovial membrane and reinforced by a fibrous capsule and ligaments, and there is some degree of free movement possible. ... Synonym: articulatio syno …

juncturae cinguli membri superioris
Synonym for joints of pectoral girdle ... The joints uniting the scapulae and clavicles to each other and the latter to the sternum forming the superior limb girdle; these are the acromioclavicular and the sternoclavicular joints. ... Synonym: articulationes cinguli membri superioris, joints of superior limb girdle, juncturae cinguli membri superiori …

juncturae membri inferioris liberi
Synonym for joints of free lower limb ... The joints uniting the bones of the free inferior limb to one another and to the pelvic girdle; they are the hip joint, knee joint, tibiofibular joints, and the joints of the ankle and foot. ... Synonym: articulationes membri inferioris liberi, joints of free inferior limb, juncturae membri inferioris liberi. …

juncturae membri superioris liberi
Synonym for joints of free upper limb ... The joints uniting the bones of the free superior limb girdle; they are the shoulder joint, elbow joint, radioulnar joints, and joints of the wrist and hand. ... Synonym: articulationes membri superioris liberi, joints of free superior limb, juncturae membri superioris liberi. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

juncturae ossium
Alternative name for articulationes. ... See: articulatio. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

juncturae tendinum
Synonym for intertendinous connections ... Fibrous bands passing obliquely between the diverging tendons of the extensor digitorum on the dorsum of the hand. ... Synonym: connexus intertendineus, conexus intertendineus, juncturae tendinum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...