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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

isolated system
<chemistry> A system which can exchange neither mass nor energy with its surroundings. ... (09 Jan 1998) ...

isolateral
Having structurally similar upper and lower surfaces. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

isolation
<procedure> Any procedure in which a given species of organism, present in a particular sample or environment, is obtained in pure culture. ... (15 Oct 1997) ...

isolecithal
Denoting an ovum in which there is a moderate amount of uniformly distributed yolk. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

isolecithal egg
Synonym for homolecithal egg ... An egg in which the total amount of yolk is small and fairly uniformly distributed throughout the cytoplasm. ... Synonym: isolecithal egg. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

isolecithal ovum
An ovum in which the yolk is evenly distributed throughout the cytoplasm. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

isoleucine
<amino acid> Hydrophobic amino acid. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

isoleucine hydroxylase
<enzyme> Involved in the hydroxyisoleucine biosynthesis in trigonella foenum-graecum ... Registry number: EC 1.14.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

isoleucine-tRNA ligase
<enzyme> An enzyme that activates isoleucine with its specific transfer RNA. ... Chemical name: L-Isoleucine:tRNA(Ile) ligase (AMP-forming) ... Registry number: EC 6.1.1.5 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

isoleucyl
The acyl radical of isoleucine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

isoleukoagglutinin
Naturally occurring abnormal antibody in the blood of some persons with certain conditions, capable of agglutinating human leukocytes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

isologous graft
Synonym for syngraft ... A tissue or organ transplanted between genetically identical individuals. ... Synonym: isogeneic graft, isograft, isologous graft, isoplastic graft, syngeneic graft. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

isolysin
An antibody that combines with, sensitises, and results in complement-fixation and dissolution of cells that contain the specific isoantigen; isolysin's occur in the blood of some members of a species and they react with the cells of that species, but not with the cells of the individual (or the same type) in which the isolysin's are naturally form …

isolysis
Lysis or dissolution of cells as a result of the reaction between an isolysin and specific antigen in or on the cells. ... See: isohemolysis. ... Origin: iso-+ G. Lysis, dissolution ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

isolytic
Pertaining to, characterised by, or causing isolysis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

isomaltase
Synonym for oligo-a1,6-glucosidase ... A glucanohydrolase cleaving alpha-1,6 links in isomaltose and dextrins produced from starch and glycogen by alpha-amylase; secreted into the duodenum; a deficiency of this enzyme leads to defects in intestinal digestion of limit dextrins. ... See: sucrose alpha-d-glucohydrolase. ... Synonym: isomaltase, limit dex …

isomaltose
<chemical> 6-0-alpha-glucopyranosyl-d-glucose. A disaccharide consisting of two glucose units in an alpha (1-6) glycosidic linkage. ... Chemical name: D-Glucose, 6-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

isomaltulose synthase
<enzyme> From erwinia rhapontici; forms isomaltulose and trehalulose from sucrose by intramolecular transglycosylation; formerly EC 5.4.99.10 ... Registry number: EC 5.4.99.11 ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

isomastigote
Denoting a protozoan having two or four flagella of equal length at one extremity. ... Origin: iso-+ G. Mastix, whip ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

isomer
1. <chemistry> One of two or more molecules that have the same chemical formula but have a different stereochemical arrangement of their atoms. ... 2. <radiobiology> Nuclides having the same number of neutrons and protons but capable of existing, for a measurable time, in different quantum states with different energies and radioactive p …

isomerase
<enzyme> An enzyme that converts molecules into their positional isomers. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

isomerases
<enzyme> A class of enzymes that catalyze geometric or structural changes within a molecule to form a single product. The reactions do not involve a net change in the concentrations of compounds other than the substrate and the product. ... Registry number: EC 5. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

isomeric
<chemistry> Having the same percentage composition; said of two or more different substances which contain the same ingredients in the same proportions by weight, often used with with. Specif., Polymeric; i. E, having the same elements united in the same proportion by weight, but with different molecular weights; as, acetylene and benzine are …

isomeric function
The individual function of an isolated segment of the spinal cord. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

isomeric transition
The transition of a nuclear isomer to a lower quantum state; e.g., 131mXe &rarr; 131Xe + g. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

isomerism
A condition in which several chemical compounds have the same molecular formula (have the same number and type of atoms) but, because those atomsare arranged differently in each, they all have different chemical properties. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

isomerization
A process in which one isomer is formed from another, as in the action of isomerases. ... Enzyme isomerization, reversible changes in enzyme conformation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

isomerous
Synonym for isomeric ... <chemistry> Having the same percentage composition; said of two or more different substances which contain the same ingredients in the same proportions by weight, often used with with. Specif., Polymeric; i. E, having the same elements united in the same proportion by weight, but with different molecular weights; as, a …

isomethadone
6-(Dimethylamino)-5-methyl-4,4-diphenyl-3-hexanone;a narcotic analgesic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

isometheptene
N,1,5-Trimethyl-4-hexenylamine;an unsaturated aliphatic sympathomimetic amine with antispasmodic and vasoconstrictor actions. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

isometric
1. Of equal dimensions. ... 2. In physiology, denoting the condition when the ends of a contracting muscle are held fixed so that contraction produces increased tension at a constant overall length. ... Compare: auxotonic, isotonic, isovolumic. ... Origin: iso-+ G. Metron, measure ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

isometric chart
A chart or graph that displays three dimensions on a plane surface. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

isometric contraction
Muscular contractions characterised by increase in tension without change in length. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

isometric contraction period
The time between closure of the atrioventricular valves and opening of the semilunar valves. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

isometric exercise
Exercise consisting of muscular contractions without movement of the involved parts of the body. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

isometric period of cardiac cycle
That period in which the muscle fibres do not shorten although the cardiac muscle is excited and the pressure in the ventricles rises, extending from the closure of the atrioventricular valves to the opening of the semilunar valves (isovolumic constriction) or the reverse (isovolumic relaxation). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

isometric relaxation
Decrease in tension of a muscle while the length remains constant due to fixation of the ends. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

isometric relaxation period
Early ventricular diastole beginning with closure of the aortic and pulmonic valves and preceding opening of the atrioventricular valves. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

isometric ruler
A calibrated scale for eliminating distortion in the measurement of plane surfaces. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

isometric tension
Tension generated in a muscle without contraction occurring: cross bridges are being re formed with the same site on the thin filament and the tension (in striated muscle) is proportional to the overlap between thick and thin filaments. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

isometric traction
Traction in which the length of the limb does not change. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

isometrical
1. Pertaining to, or characterised by, equality of measure. ... 2. <chemistry> Noting, or conforming to, that system of crystallization in which the three axes are of equal length and at right angles to each other; monometric; regular; cubic. Cf. Crystallization. Isometric lines, lines representing in a diagram the relations of pressure and te …

isometropia
Equality in refraction in the two eyes. ... Origin: iso-+ G. Metron, measure, + ops (op-), eye ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

isomorphic response
Synonym for Kobner's phenomenon ... An isomorphic reaction seen in response to trauma in previously uninvolved sites of patients with skin diseases including psoriasis and lichen planus, typically with lesions in a linear pattern at sites of scratching or a scar. ... Synonym: isomorphic response. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

isomorphism
<chemistry> A similarity of crystalline form between substances of similar composition, as between the sulphates of barium (BaSO4) and strontium (SrSO4). It is sometimes extended to include similarity of form between substances of unlike composition, which is more properly called homoeomorphism. ... Origin: Cf. F. Isomorphisme. ... Source: Webs …

isomorphous gliosis
A gliosis in which there is a regular and ordered arrangement of glial fibres. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

isonaphthol
Synonym for naphthol ... <chemistry> Any one of a series of hydroxyl derivatives of naphthalene, analogous to phenol. In general they are crystalline substances with a phenol (carbolic) odour. ... <chemistry> Naphthol blue, Naphthol orange, Naphthol yellow, brilliant dyestuffs produced from certain complex nitrogenous derivatives of napht …

isoncotic
Of equal oncotic pressure. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

isoniazid
<drug> An orally administered drug used to eliminate tuberculosis infection in people without active disease. INH is also administered in combination with other drugs to treat active tuberculosis. Side effects include liver impairment and peripheral neuropathy (see). ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

isoniazid acetyltransferase
<enzyme> Used to study acetylator phenotype for metabolism of hydrazines and arylamine carcinogen ... Registry number: EC 2.3.1.- ... Synonym: isoniazide n-acetyltransferase, hydrazine n-acetyltransferase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

isoniazid neuropathy
An axonal form of neuropathy seen in some patients treated with isoniazid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

isoniazid polyneuropathy
An axonal loss polyneuropathy seen in some patients treated with isoniazid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

isonicotinic acid
4-Pyridinecarboxylic acid;its hydrazide is isoniazid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

isonicotinic acid hydroxylase
<enzyme> Forms 2-hydroxy-isonicotinic acid; contains iron and a flavin; incorporates hydroxyl group of water; enzyme from mycobacterium, called isonicotinate dehydrogenase, contains molybdopterin and fad ... Registry number: EC 1.- ... Synonym: isonicotinate dehydrogenase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

isonicotinic acids
Heterocyclic acids that are derivatives of 4-pyridinecarboxylic acid (isonicotinic acid). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

isonitrile
An organic isocyanide. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

isonitroso-
<chemistry, prefix> A combining from (also used adjectively), signifying: Pertaining to, or designating, the characteristic, nitrogenous radical, NOH, called the isonitroso group. ... (29 Oct 1998) ...

isonitrosoacetone
CH3CO-CH==NOH; propanone 1-oxine;a cholinesterase reactivator that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier readily and cause significant reactivation of phosphorylated acetylcholinesterase in the central nervous system; used to protect human beings and animals against otherwise lethal poisoning with organophosphorous anticholinesterase agents. ... Syn …

isonormocytosis
An obsolete term for a condition in which the actual number and the relative proportions of the various types of leukocytes in the circulating blood are within normal range. ... Origin: iso-+ L. Norma, rule, + G. Kytos, cell, + -osis, condition ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

isopathy
<medicine> The system which undertakes to cure a disease by means of the virus of the same disease. ... The theory of curing a diseased organ by eating the analogous organ of a healthy animal. ... The doctrine that the power of therapeutics is equal to that of the causes of disease. ... Origin: Iso- + Gr. Suffering. ... Source: Websters Dictionar …

isopenicillin N epimerase
<enzyme> From streptomyces clavuligerus; converts isopenicillin n to penicillin n ... Registry number: EC 5.1.1.- ... Synonym: cefd protein ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

isopenicillin N synthetase
<enzyme> Oxidatively cyclises delta(l-alpha-aminoadipyl)-l-cysteinyl-d-valine forming the bicyclo compound isopenicillin n; as of 9/27/95 see also alpha-aminoadipyl-cysteinyl-valine synthetase ... Chemical name: synthetase, isopenicillin n ... Registry number: EC 6.3.2.- ... Synonym: acv cyclase, delta-(alpha-aminoadipyl)-cysteinyl-valine cyclas …

isopentenyladenosine
<chemical> N(6)-[delta(3)-isopentenyl]adenosine. Isopentenyl derivative of adenosine which is a member of the cytokinin family of plant growth regulators. ... Chemical name: Adenosine, N-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

isopentenylpyrophosphate
H2C==C(CH3)CH2CH2OP2O 62-;an intermediate in the biosynthesis of steroids, terpenes, dolichol, and prenylated proteins. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

isopentyl
See: amyl. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

isopeptidase
<enzyme> Cleaves chromatin protein a24 at the isopeptide bond between cooh terminal glycylglycine attached to ubiquitin and the epsilon amino acid residue of lysine of histone h2a ... Registry number: EC 4.3.- ... Synonym: h2a-ubiquitin hydrolase, isopeptidase t, ipaset ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

isopeptide
See: isopeptide bond. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

isopeptide bond
An amide linkage between a carboxyl group of one amino acid and an amino group of another amino acid in which at least one of these groups is not on the a-carbon of one of the amino acids; for example, the bond between the glutamyl residue and the cysteinyl residue of glutathione. ... Compare: peptide bond, eupeptide bond. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

isoperistaltic anastomosis
An anastomosis allowing flow of contents in the same and normal direction. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

isophagy
Synonym: autolysis. ... Origin: iso-+ G. Phago, to eat ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

isopiperitenol dehydrogenase
<enzyme> From peppermint; nad-dependent; forms isopiperitenone ... Registry number: EC 1.1.1.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

isopiperitenone delta-isomerase
<enzyme> From peppermint; intramolecular 1,3-hydrogen transfer forms piperitenone ... Registry number: EC 5.3.3.11 ... Synonym: isopiperitenone isomerase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

isoplassonts
Like-formed entities having certain features in common. ... Origin: iso-+ G. Plasso, to form ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

isoplastic
Synonym: syngeneic. ... Origin: iso-+ G. Plasso, to form ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

isoplastic graft
Synonym for syngraft ... A tissue or organ transplanted between genetically identical individuals. ... Synonym: isogeneic graft, isograft, isologous graft, isoplastic graft, syngeneic graft. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

isopleth
A line on a Cartesian nomogram consisting of all points that represent a particular value of a variable; e.g., an isobar is an isopleth for a particular pressure. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

isopleura
<zoology> A subclass of Gastropoda, in which the body is symmetrical, the right and left sides being equal. ... The intestine terminates at the posterior end of the body, and the gills and circulatory and reproductive organs are paired. It includes the chitons (Polyplacophora), together with Neomenia and Chaetoderma, which are wormlike forms w …

isopoda
<zoology> An order of sessile-eyed Crustacea, usually having seven pairs of legs, which are all similar in structure. ... The body is usually depressed, with the abdominal segments short, and often consolidated in part. The branchiae are on the abdominal appendages. The group includes the terrestrial pill bugs and sow bugs, with numerous marin …

isopotential
Synonym for isoelectric ... Of equal electrical potential. ... Compare: isoelectric point. ... Synonym: isopotential. ... Isoelectric focusing, electrophoresis of small molecules or macromolecules in a pH gradient. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

isoprecipitin
An antibody that combines with and precipitates soluble antigenic material in the plasma or serum, or in an extract of the cells, from another member, but not all members, of the same species. ... Origin: iso-+ precipitin ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

isoprenaline hydrochloride
isoproterenol hydrochloride ...

isoprenaline sulfate
Synonym for isoproterenol sulfate ... Used for inhalation as an aerosol in the treatment of acute asthmatic attacks and chronic pulmonary emphysema. ... Synonym: isoprenaline sulfate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

isoprene rule
The classical, outmoded statement that naturally occurring terpenes are built up by condensation of isoprene units by either a 1-4 linkage ('head to tail') or a 4-4 linkage ('tail to tail'). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

isoprene synthase
<enzyme> Catalyses the elimination of pyrophosphate from dimethylallyl diphosphate to form isoprene; requires magnesium or mn2+; responsible for leaf isoprene emission into the atmosphere; from aspen leaves; partial amino acid sequence given in first source ... Registry number: EC 2.5.1.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

isoprenoids
Polymers whose carbon skeletons consist in whole or in large part of isoprene units joined end to end; e.g., carotene, lycopene, vitamin A. Vitamins K and E and the coenzymes Q have isoprenoid side chains. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

isoprenylation
See: prenylation. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

isopropamide iodide
(3-Carbamoyl-3,3-diphenylpropyl)diisopropylmethylammonium iodide;an anticholinergic agent. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

isopropanol
Synonym for isopropyl alcohol ... Used as a component of various cosmetics and astringents, when taken internally can be toxic ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

isopropanol precipitation test
A test using the principle that the internal bonds of haemoglobin are weakened by nonpolar solvents; thus, unstable haemoglobins will precipitate more rapidly than other haemoglobins in isopropanol. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

isoprophenamine hydrochloride
Synonym for clorprenaline hydrochloride ... O-chloro-alpha-(isopropylaminomethyl)benzyl alcohol hydrochloride;a bronchodilator. ... Synonym: isoprophenamine hydrochloride. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

isopropyl alcohol
Used as a component of various cosmetics and astringents, when taken internally can be toxic ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

isopropyl myristate
<chemical> A pharmaceutic aid used in topical medicinal preparations to promote absorption through the skin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

isopropyl thiogalactoside
<chemical> 1-methylethyl 1-thio-beta-d-galactopyranoside. ... An artificial galactoside capable of inducing beta-galactosidase in Escherichia coli without being split, as are the natural substrates such as lactose. ... Chemical name: beta-D-Galactopyranoside, 1-methylethyl 1-thio- ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

isopropylarterenol hydrochloride
isoproterenol hydrochloride ...

isopropylbenzene dioxygenase
<enzyme> Pseudomonas putida enzyme; forms 2,3-dihydro-2,3-dihydroxyisopropylbenzene ... Registry number: EC 1.13.11.- ... Synonym: isopropylbenzene 2,3-dioxygenase, cumene 2,3-dioxygenase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

isopropylcarbinol
See: butyl alcohol. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

isopropylmalate isomerase
<enzyme> Converts alpha-isopropylmalate to beta-isopropylmalate via dimethylcitraconic acid; wild type from s typhimurium composed of two subunits; specific for leucine biosynthesis ... Registry number: EC 5.- ... Synonym: leua gene product ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

isoproterenol
<drug> Synthetic beta-adrenergic agonist, causes peripheral vasodilation, bronchodilation and increased cardiac output. It possesses the cardiac excitatory, but not the vasoconstrictor, actions of epinephrine. Chemically it differs from epinephrine in having an isopropyl group replacing the methyl group attached to the nitrogen atom; used in …

isoproterenol sulfate
Used for inhalation as an aerosol in the treatment of acute asthmatic attacks and chronic pulmonary emphysema. ... Synonym: isoprenaline sulfate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

isopter
<ophthalmology> A line of equal retinal sensitivity in the visual field. ... Origin: iso-+ G. Opter, observer ... (05 Mar 2000) ...