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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary
Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary
Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK
Words: 116197
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Jarisch, Adolf<person> Austrian dermatologist, 1850-1902. ... See: Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction, Bezold-Jarisch reflex. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Jarjavay, Jean<person> French anatomist and surgeon, 1815-1868. ... See: Jarjavay's ligament. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Jarjavay's ligamentSynonym for sacrouterine fold ... A fold of peritoneum, containing the rectouterine muscle, passing from the sacrum to the base of the broad ligament on either side, forming the lateral boundary of the rectouterine (Douglas') pouch. ... Synonym: plica rectouterina, Douglas' fold, Jarjavay's ligament, Petit's ligament, rectouterine fold, uterosacral l …
Jarvik artificial heartA pneumatic artificial heart. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Jarvik, Robert Koffler<person> U.S. Cardiologist. ... See: Jarvik artificial heart. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
jasmine<botany> A shrubby plant of the genus Jasminum, bearing flowers of a peculiarly fragrant odour. The J. Officinale, common in the south of Europe, bears white flowers. The Arabian jasmine is J. Sambac, and, with J. Angustifolia, comes from the East Indies. The yellow false jasmine in the Gelseminum sempervirens (see Gelsemium). Several other p …
jasper<chemical> An opaque, impure variety of quartz, of red, yellow, and other dull colours, breaking with a smooth surface. It admits of a high polish, and is used for vases, seals, snuff boxes, etc. When the colours are in stripes or bands, it is called striped or banded jasper. The Egyptian pebble is a brownish yellow jasper. Jasper opal, a yel …
Jatene procedureA method of repairing congenital tunnel-type subaortic stenosis and narrowing of the left ventricular-aortic junction by aortoventriculoplasty and prosthetic valve replacement. ... Synonym: Dor procedure. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
JatrophaA genus of plants of the family Euphorbiaceae; a poisonous plant found in eastern Africa and the West Indies. ... Origin: G. Iatros, physician, + trophe, nourishment ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Jatropha curcasBarbados nut or physic-nut, the seed of which furnishes a purgative oil similar to croton oil. ... Synonym: Jatropha glandulifera. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Jatropha glanduliferaSynonym for Jatropha curcas ... Barbados nut or physic-nut, the seed of which furnishes a purgative oil similar to croton oil. ... Synonym: Jatropha glandulifera. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Jatropha urensA species of South America; the macerated fresh leaves are used as a rubefacient and stimulating poultice; the seeds furnish a purgative oil. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
jaundice<clinical sign> Yellowing of the skin (and whites of eyes) by bilirubin, a bile pigment. Frequently because of a liver problem. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
jaundice of the newbornSynonym for icterus neonatorum ... Icterus which can be accentuated by many factors including excessive haemolysis, sepsis, neonatal hepatitis or congenital atresia of the biliary system. ... Synonym: physiologic icterus, jaundice of the newborn, neonatal jaundice, physiologic jaundice. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
jaundice rootSynonym for hydrastis ... The dried rhizome of Hydrastis canadensis (family Ranunculaceae), a native of the eastern U.S.; formerly used in the treatment of chronic catarrhal states of the mucous membranes and in metrorrhagia. ... Synonym: golden seal, jaundice root, yellow root. ... Origin: Mod. L. Fr. G. Hydor (hydro-), water, + drao, to accomplish
jaundice, chronic idiopathic
A familial chronic form of nonhemolytic jaundice thought to be due to a defect in the excretion of conjugated bilirubin and certain other organic anions (e.g., sulfobromophthalein) by the liver. It is characterised by the presence of a brown, coarsely granular pigment in the hepatic cells, which is pathognomonic of the condition. ... (12 Dec 1998)
jaundice, neonatal
The jaundice sometimes seen in newborn infants. It is also called icterus neonatorum. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
java
1. One of the islands of the Malay Archipelago belonging to the Netherlands. ... 2. Java coffee, a kind of coffee brought from Java. ... <zoology> Java cat, a species of finch (Padda oryzivora), native of Java, but very commonly kept as a cage bird; called also ricebird, and paddy bird. In the male the upper parts are glaucous gray, the head an …
javelin
A sort of light spear, to be thrown or cast by thew hand; anciently, a weapon of war used by horsemen and foot soldiers; now used chiefly in hunting the wild boar and other fierce game. 'Flies the javelin swifter to its mark, Launched by the vigor of a Roman arm?' (Addison) ... Origin: F. Javeline; akin to Sp. Jabalina, It. Giavelina, and F. Javelot …
jaw
1. <anatomy> One of the bones, usually bearing teeth, which form the framework of the mouth. Hence, also, the bone itself with the teeth and covering. ... In the plural, the mouth. ... 2. Anything resembling the jaw of an animal in form or action; especially, pl, the mouth or way of entrance; as, the jaws of a pass; the jaws of darkness; the ja …
jaw abnormalities
Congenital absence of or defects in structures of the jaw. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
jaw bone
Synonym for mandible ... The jaw bone. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...
jaw cysts
Saccular lesions lined with epithelium and contained within pathologically formed cavities in the jaw; also nonepithelial cysts (pseudocysts) as they apply to the jaw, e.g., traumatic or solitary cyst, static bone cavity, and aneurysmal bone cyst. True jaw cysts are classified as odontogenic or nonodontogenic. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
jaw fixation techniques
The stable placement of surgically induced fractures of the mandible or maxilla through the use of elastics, wire ligatures, arch bars, or other splints. It is used often in the cosmetic surgery of retrognathism and prognathism. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
jaw fractures
Fractures of the upper or lower jaw. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
jaw jerk
Synonym for jaw reflex ... A spasmodic contraction of the temporal muscles following a downward tap on the loosely hanging mandible. ... Synonym: chin jerk, chin reflex, jaw jerk, mandibular reflex, masseter reflex. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
jaw joint
Synonym for temporomandibular joint ... <anatomy, dentistry> The joint that connects the lower jaw to the skull. ... (12 Jan 1998) ...
jaw neoplasms
Cancers or tumours of the maxilla or mandible unspecified. For neoplasms of the maxilla, maxillary neoplasms is available and of the mandible, mandibular neoplasms is available. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
jaw reflex
A spasmodic contraction of the temporal muscles following a downward tap on the loosely hanging mandible. ... Synonym: chin jerk, chin reflex, jaw jerk, mandibular reflex, masseter reflex. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
jaw relation record
A registration of any positional relationship of the mandible in reference to the maxillae. These records may be any of the many vertical, horizontal, or orientation relations. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
jaw repositioning
The changing of any relative position of the mandible to the maxillae, by altering the occlusion of the natural or artificial teeth or by surgical means. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
jaw skeleton
Synonym for viscerocranium ... That part of the skull derived from the embryonic pharyngeal arches; it comprises the facial bones of the facial skeleton (under bone) and is distinct from that part of the skull which forms the neurocranium or braincase. ... Synonym: cranium viscerale, visceral cranium, jaw skeleton, splanchnocranium. ... Origin: viscer …
jaw winking
A paradoxical movement of eyelids associated with movements of the jaw. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
jaw-winking phenomenon
Synonym for jaw-winking syndrome ... <syndrome> An increase in the width of the eye lids during chewing, sometimes with a rhythmic elevation of the upper lid when the mouth is open and ptosis when the mouth is closed. ... Synonym: Gunn phenomenon, Gunn's syndrome, jaw-winking phenomenon, jaw-working reflex, Marcus Gunn phenomenon, Marcus Gunn s …
jaw-winking syndrome
<syndrome> An increase in the width of the eye lids during chewing, sometimes with a rhythmic elevation of the upper lid when the mouth is open and ptosis when the mouth is closed. ... Synonym: Gunn phenomenon, Gunn's syndrome, jaw-winking phenomenon, jaw-working reflex, Marcus Gunn phenomenon, Marcus Gunn syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
jaw-working reflex
Synonym for jaw-winking syndrome ... <syndrome> An increase in the width of the eye lids during chewing, sometimes with a rhythmic elevation of the upper lid when the mouth is open and ptosis when the mouth is closed. ... Synonym: Gunn phenomenon, Gunn's syndrome, jaw-winking phenomenon, jaw-working reflex, Marcus Gunn phenomenon, Marcus Gunn s …
jaw, edentulous
The total absence of teeth from either the mandible or the maxilla, but not both. Total absence of teeth from both is mouth, edentulous. Partial absence of teeth in either is jaw, edentulous, partially. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
jaw, edentulous, partially
Absence of teeth from a portion of the mandible and/or maxilla. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
Jaworski, Walery
<person> Polish physician, 1849-1924. ... See: Jaworski's bodies. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Jaworski's bodies
Mucous shreds in the gastric contents in hyperchlorhydria. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
jay
<ornithology> Any one of the numerous species of birds belonging to Garrulus, Cyanocitta, and allied genera. They are allied to the crows, but are smaller, more graceful in form, often handsomely coloured, and usually have a crest. ... The European jay (Garrulus glandarius) is a large and handsomely coloured species, having the body pale reddi …
JC virus
<organism, virology> A human retrovirus similar to polyoma virus, but which has not been found associated with any human cancer. Member of the Papovaviridae. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
jealous
1. Zealous; solicitous; vigilant; anxiously watchful. 'I have been very jeolous for the Lord God of hosts.' (Kings xix. 10) 'How nicely jealous is every one of us of his own repute!' (Dr. H. More) ... 2. Apprehensive; anxious; suspiciously watchful. ''This doing wrong creates such doubts as these, Renders us jealous and disturbs our peace.' (Waller) …
jealous type of paranoid disorder
The false belief that one's spouse or lover is unfaithful and leading to repeated confrontation, or the taking of extraordinary steps to intervene in the imagined infidelity. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
jealousy
An irrational reaction compounded of grief, loss of self-esteem, enmity against the rival and self criticism. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
Jeanselme, A Edouard
<person> French dermatologist, 1858-1935. ... See: Jeanselme's nodules. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Jeanselme's nodules
A form of tertiary yaws that is characterised by the occurrence of nodule's on the arms and legs, situated usually near the joints. ... Synonym: juxta-articular nodules. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
jefferson fracture
<radiology> Burst fracture of atlas (C1), widened lateral masses of C1 on open-mouth odontoid view, vertical compression injury, unstable see also: atlas fractures, cervical spine fractures ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
Jeghers-Peutz syndrome
Synonym for peutz-jeghers syndrome ... <radiology> Autosomal dominant (50% sporadic), hamartomas, primarily of small bowel, also: stomach, colon, occasionally of urinary or respiratory tract, mucocutaneous hyperpigmentation, increased risk of GI and non-GI tumours! (NEJM 1988) Cf: polyposis syndromes ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
Jeghers, Harold
<person> U.S. Physician, *1904. ... See: Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, Jeghers-Peutz syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
jejunal
Having to do with the jejunum. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
jejunal and ileal veins
The veins that drain the jejunum and ileum; they terminate in the superior mesenteric vein. ... Synonym: venae jejunales et ilei. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
jejunal arteries
Origin, superior mesenteric; distribution, jejunum; anastomoses, by a series of arches with each other and with ileal arteries. ... Synonym: arteriae jejunales. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
jejunectomy
<procedure> Excision of all or a part of the jejunum. ... Origin: jejunum + G. Ektome, excision ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
jejunitis
Inflammation of the jejunum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
jejuno-
The jejunum, jejunal. ... Origin: L. Jejunus, empty ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
jejunocolostomy
<procedure> Establishment of a communication between the jejunum and the colon. ... Origin: jejuno-+ colon + G. Stoma, mouth ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
jejunogastric intussusception
A rare complication following gastrojejunostomy in which the afferent or the efferent loop of bowel invaginates into the stomach. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
jejunoileal
Relating to the jejunum and the ileum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
jejunoileal bypass
A surgical procedure consisting of the anastomosis of the proximal part of the jejunum to the distal portion of the ileum, so as to bypass the nutrient-absorptive segment of the small intestine, to treat morbid obesity. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
jejunoileal shunt
Synonym for jejunoileal bypass ... A surgical procedure consisting of the anastomosis of the proximal part of the jejunum to the distal portion of the ileum, so as to bypass the nutrient-absorptive segment of the small intestine, to treat morbid obesity. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
jejunoileitis
Inflammation of the jejunum and ileum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
jejunoileostomy
<procedure> Establishment of a new communication between the jejunum and the ileum. ... Origin: jejuno-+ ileum + G. Stoma, mouth ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
jejunojejunostomy
<procedure> An anastomosis between two portions of jejunum. ... Origin: jejuno-+ jejuno-+ G. Stoma, mouth ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
jejunoplasty
A corrective surgical procedure on the jejunum. ... Origin: jejuno-+ G. Plastos, molded ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
jejunostomy
<procedure> Surgical formation of an opening through the abdominal wall into the jejunum, usually for enteral hyperalimentation. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
jejunotomy
<procedure> Incision into the jejunum. ... Origin: jejuno-+ G. Tome, incision ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
jejunum
<anatomy> The portion of the small intestine that extends from the duodenum to the ileum. ... Synonym: intestinum jejunum. ... (13 Nov 1997) ...
Jellinek formula
A method of estimating the prevalence of alcoholism in a nation's population, based on the assumption that a predictable proportion of persons addicted to alcohol die of cirrhosis of the liver. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Jellinek, Edward
<person> British physician specializing in alcohol-related disorders, 1890-1963. ... See: Jellinek formula. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
jelly
Origin: Formerly gelly, gely, F. Gelee jelly, frost, fr. Geler to freeze. L. Gelare; akin to gelu frost. See Gelid. ... 1. Anything brought to a gelatinous condition; a viscous, translucent substance in a condition between liquid and solid; a stiffened solution of gelatin, gum, or the like. ... 2. The juice of fruits or meats boiled with sugar to an …
jelly fungus
Any of several fungi in the order Tremellales, which are characterised by gelatinous fruiting bodies. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
Jembrana disease
A febrile disease of cattle thought to be caused by a rickettsia of the genus Ehrlichia. ... Origin: Jembrana, county in Bali, Indonesia, where disease was first recognised ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Jendrassik, Erno
<person> Hungarian physician, 1858-1921. ... See: Jendrassik's manoeuvre. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Jendrassik's manoeuvre
A method of emphasizing the patellar reflex: the subject hooks his hands together by the flexed fingers and pulls against them with all his strength. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Jenner-Kay unit
That amount of phosphatase that liberates 1 mg of phosphorus; approximately 2 Bodansky unit's or 1 King unit. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Jenner, Edward
<person> Jenner was the typical country practitioner, who wanted to better himself by furthering his education. He enrolled as an anatomy house pupil of John Hunter. ... Although his city colleagues stamped him as a lazy and rather dull person, he actually was a highly intelligent country physician. He became cognisant that milk maids, who dev …
Jenner, Harley
<person> Canadian physician, *1907. ... See: Jenner-Kay unit. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Jenner, Louis
<person> English physician, 1866-1904. ... See: Jenner's stain. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Jenner's stain
<technique> A methylene blue eosinate similar to Wright's stain but differing in not using polychromed methylene blue; used for staining of blood smears. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Jensen, Carl
<person> Danish veterinary surgeon and pathologist, 1864-1934. ... See: Jensen's sarcoma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Jensen, Edmund
<person> Danish ophthalmologist, 1861-1950. ... See: Jensen's disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Jensen's disease
Synonym for retinochoroiditis juxtapapillaris ... Retinochoroiditis close to the optic disk. ... Synonym: Jensen's disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Jensen's sarcoma
<tumour> A mouse tumour transmissible by inoculation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
jerboa
<zoology> Any small jumping rodent of the genus Dipus, especially. D. Aegyptius, which is common in Egypt and the adjacent countries. The jerboas have very long hind legs and a long tail. ... Alternative forms: gerboa. ... The name is also applied to other small jumping rodents, as the Pedetes Caffer, of the Cape of Good Hope. ... <zoology> …
jerk
1. A sudden pull. ... Synonym: deep reflex. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
jerk finger
Synonym for trigger finger ... An affection in which the movement of the finger is arrested for a moment in flexion or extension and then continues with a jerk. ... Synonym: jerk finger, lock finger, snap finger, spring finger, stuck finger. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
jerks
Chorea or any form of tic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
jerky nystagmus
Nystagmus in which there is a slow drift of the eyes in one direction, followed by a rapid recovery movement, always described in the direction of the recovery movement; it usually arises from labyrinthine or neurologic lesions or stimuli. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
jerky respiration
Synonym for cogwheel respiration ... The inspiratory sound being broken into two or three by silent intervals. ... Synonym: interrupted respiration, jerky respiration. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Jerne technique
A technique for measuring immunocompetence by quantitating the number of splenic antibody-forming cells found in a mouse that has been sensitised to sheep erythrocytes. The number of plaques formed correlates with the number of splenic antibody-forming cells. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
jerusalem
The chief city of Palestine, intimately associated with the glory of the Jewish nation, and the life and death of Jesus Christ. Jerusalem artichoke [Perh. A corrupt. Of It. Girasole i.e, sunflower, or turnsole. See Gyre, Solar. ... <botany> A spiny, leguminous tree (Parkinsonia aculeata), widely dispersed in warm countries, and used for hedges …
Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome
<syndrome> A prolonged Q-T interval recorded in the electrocardiogram of certain congenitally deaf children subject to attacks of unconsciousness resulting from Adams-Stokes seizures and ventricular fibrillation; autosomal recessive inheritance. ... Synonym: surdocardiac syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Jervell, Anton
<person> 20th century Norwegian cardiologist. ... See: Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
jesse
Any representation or suggestion of the genealogy of Christ, in decorative art; as: ... A genealogical tree represented in stained glass. ... A candlestick with many branches, each of which bears the name of some one of the descendants of Jesse; called also tree of Jesse. Jesse window, a window of which the glazing and tracery represent the tree of J …
jesuit
1. One of a religious order founded by Ignatius Loyola, and approved in 1540, under the title of The Society of Jesus. ... The order consists of Scholastics, the Professed, the Spiritual Coadjutors, and the Temporal Coadjutors or Lay Brothers. The Jesuit novice after two years becomes a Scholastic, and takes his first vows of poverty, chastity, and …
Jesuit tea
Synonym for chenopodium ... The dried ripe fruit of Chenopodium ambrosoides (family Chenopodiaceae), American wormwood, from which a volatile oil is distilled and used as an anthelmintic. ... Synonym: Jesuit tea, Mexican tea, wormseed. ... Origin: G. Chen, goose, + pous (pod-), foot ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Jesuits' bark
Synonym for cinchona ... A genus of rubiaceous south american trees that yields the toxic cinchona alkaloids from their bark; quinine, quinidine, chinconine, cinchonidine and others are used to treat malaria and cardiac arrhythmias. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
jet
<chemical> A variety of lignite, of a very compact texture and velvet black colour, susceptible of a good polish, and often wrought into mourning jewelry, toys, buttons, etc. Formerly called also black amber. ... <zoology> Jet ant, a blackish European ant (Formica fuliginosa), which builds its nest of a paperlike material in the trunks o …
jet ejector pump
A suction pump in which fluid under high pressure is forced through a nozzle into an abruptly larger tube where a high velocity jet, at a low pressure in accordance with Bernoulli's law, entrains gas or liquid from a side tube opening just beyond the end of the nozzle to create suction; e.g., the pump by which steam is used to evacuate an autoclave …
