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 mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary
Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary
Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK
Words: 116197


ischaemic bowel disease
<surgery> A disorder which results from the inadequate flow of oxygenated blood to the intestines. ... Symptoms include crampy abdominal pain after eating. More common in those with a history of atherosclerosis and-or diabetes. ... (15 Oct 1997) ...

ischemia
Synonym for ischaemia ... <physiology> A low oxygen state usually due to obstruction of the arterial blood supply or inadequate blood flow leading to hypoxia in the tissue. ... Origin: Gr. Haima = blood ... (13 Nov 1997) ...

ischemia retinae
Diminished blood supply in the retina due to failure of the arterial circulation; it may occur as a result of arterial embolism or spasm; poisoning, as by quinine; or exsanguination from recurring profuse haemorrhages (e.g., in parturition, gastric and duodenal ulcers, and pulmonary tuberculosis); bilateral transitory or permanent blindness may res …

ischemia-modifying factors
Various factors that play a role in determining the extent of necrosis with cerebral stroke; these include blood viscosity and osmolality, the blood pressure, and the anatomy of the neck and intracranial arteries. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ischemic
Synonym for ischaemic ... Affected by ischaemia. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

ischemic colitis
<radiology> Precipitating factors: volvulus, carcinoma, cardiovascular disease, history of aortoiliac reconstruction (2%) with ligation of IMA, abrupt onset of lower abdominal pain and rectal bleeding, location: splenic flexure (80%) and rectosigmoid (watershed areas), BE: single contrast prefered (lesions may become effaced with double contr …

ischemic hypoxia
Tissue hypoxia characterised by tissue oligaemia and caused by arterial or arteriolar obstruction or vasoconstriction. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ischemic mitral regurgitation
A regurgitation of the mitral valve caused by ischemic heart disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ischemic muscular atrophy
See: Volkmann's contracture. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ischemic necrosis
Necrosis caused by hypoxia resulting from local deprivation of blood supply, as by infarction. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ischemic neuropathy
Neuropathy resulting from acute or chronic ischemia of the involved nerves. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ischemic optic neuropathy
Optic nerve neuropathy secondary to hypoperfusion of the low pressure posterior ciliary arteries supplying the optic nerve head (nonarteritic) or to temporal arteritis (arteritic). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ischemic preconditioning
A technique in which tissue is rendered resistant to the deleterious effects of prolonged ischemia and reperfusion by prior exposure to brief, repeated periods of vascular occlusion. (am j physiol 1995 may;268(5 pt 2):h2063-7, abstract) ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

ischesis
Suppression of any discharge, especially of a normal one. ... Origin: G. Ischo, to hold back ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ischia
Plural of ischium. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ischiadic plexus
Synonym for sacral plexus ... Formed by the fourth and fifth lumbar (lumbosacral trunk) and first, second, and third sacral nerves; it lies on the inner surface of the posterior wall of the pelvis usually embedded in the piriformis muscle; its nerves supply the lower limbs, its major product being the sciatic nerve. ... Synonym: plexus sacralis, isch …

ischiadic spine
Synonym for ischial spine ... A pointed process from the posterior border of the ischium on a level with the lower border of the acetabulum; gives attachment to the sacrospinous ligament; the pudendal nerve passes dorsal to the ischial spine, which is palpable per vagina or rectum, and thus is used as a target for the needle-tip in administering a p …

ischiadicus
Synonym: sciatic. ... Origin: L. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ischial bursa
<anatomy> The bursa between the gluteus maximus muscle and the tuberosity of the ischium. ... Synonym: bursa ischiadica musculi glutei maximi. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ischial ramus
The branch of the ischial bone, formerly called inferior branch of the ischium; the portion of the bone that passes forward from the ischial tuberosity to join the inferior ramus of the pubic bone, thus forming the ischiopubic ramus. ... Synonym: ramus ossis ischii. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ischial spine
A pointed process from the posterior border of the ischium on a level with the lower border of the acetabulum; gives attachment to the sacrospinous ligament; the pudendal nerve passes dorsal to the ischial spine, which is palpable per vagina or rectum, and thus is used as a target for the needle-tip in administering a pudendal nerve block. ... Synon …

ischial tuberosity
The rough bony projection at the junction of the lower end of the body of the ischium and its ramus; this is a weight-bearing point in the sitting position; provides attachment for the sacrotuberous ligament and is the site of origin of the hamstring muscles. ... Synonym: tuber ischiadicum, tuber of ischium. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ischialgia
1. Pain in the hip; specifically, the ischium. ... Synonym: ischiodynia. ... 2. Rarely used term for sciatica. ... Synonym: ischioneuralgia. ... Origin: G. Ischion, hip, + algos, pain ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ischiatic hernia
<surgery> A hernia through the sacrosciatic foramen. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ischiatic notch
See: greater sciatic notch, lesser sciatic notch. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ischidrosis
An obsolete term for anhidrosis. ... Origin: G. Ischo, to hold back, + hidrosis, perspiration ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ischio-
The ischium. ... Origin: G. Ischion, hip joint, haunch (ischium) ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ischioanal
Relating to the ischium and the anus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ischioanal fossa
Synonym for ischiorectal fossa ... A wedge-shaped space with its base toward the perineum and lying between the tuberosity of the ischium and the obturator internus muscle laterally and the external anal sphincter and the levator ani muscle medially. ... Synonym: fossa ischiorectalis, ischioanal fossa, Velpeau's fossa. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ischiobulbar
<anatomy> Relating to the ischium and the bulb of the penis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ischiocapsular ligament
Synonym for ischiofemoral ligament ... <anatomy> The thickened part of the capsule of the hip joint that passes from the ischium upward and laterally over the femoral neck; some of its fibres continue into the zona orbicularis. ... Synonym: ligamentum ischiofemorale, ischiocapsular ligament, ligamentum ischiocapsulare. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ischiocavernosus
Synonym for ischiocavernous muscle ... <anatomy, muscle> Origin, ramus of ischium; insertion, corpus cavernosum penis (or clitoridis); action, compresses the crus of the penis (or clitoris) forcing blood in its sinuses into the distal part of the corpus cavernosum; nerve supply, perineal. ... Synonym: musculus ischiocavernosus, musculus erector …

ischiocavernous
Relating to the ischium and the corpus cavernosum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ischiocavernous muscle
<anatomy, muscle> Origin, ramus of ischium; insertion, corpus cavernosum penis (or clitoridis); action, compresses the crus of the penis (or clitoris) forcing blood in its sinuses into the distal part of the corpus cavernosum; nerve supply, perineal. ... Synonym: musculus ischiocavernosus, musculus erector clitoridis, musculus erector penis.
ischiocele
Synonym: sciatic hernia. ... Origin: ischio-+ G. Kele, hernia ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ischiococcygeal
Relating to the ischium and the coccyx. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ischiococcygeus
See: muscle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ischiodynia
Synonym: ischialgia. ... Origin: ischio-+ G. Odyne, pain ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ischiofemoral
Relating to the ischium, or hip bone, and the femur, or thigh bone. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ischiofemoral ligament
<anatomy> The thickened part of the capsule of the hip joint that passes from the ischium upward and laterally over the femoral neck; some of its fibres continue into the zona orbicularis. ... Synonym: ligamentum ischiofemorale, ischiocapsular ligament, ligamentum ischiocapsulare. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ischiofibular
Relating to or connecting the ischium and the fibula. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ischiomelus
Unequal conjoined twins in which the parasite, often only an arm or a leg, arises from the pelvic region of the autosite. ... See: conjoined twins. ... Origin: ischio-+ G. Melos, limb ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ischioneuralgia
Synonym for ischialgia ... 1. Pain in the hip; specifically, the ischium. ... Synonym: ischiodynia. ... 2. Rarely used term for sciatica. ... Synonym: ischioneuralgia. ... Origin: G. Ischion, hip, + algos, pain ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ischionitis
Inflammation of the ischium. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ischiopagus
Conjoined twins united in their ischial region. ... See: conjoined twins. ... Origin: ischio-+ G. Pagos, fixed ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ischioperineal
Relating to the ischium and the perineum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ischiopubic
Relating to both ischium and pubis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ischiopubic ramus
The inferior ramus of the pubis and the ramus of the ischium continuous with it, forming the inferomedial boundary of the obturator foramen. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ischiorectal abscess
An abscess involving the tissues in the ischiorectal fossa. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ischiorectal fat-pad
The fat within the ischiorectal fossa. ... Synonym: corpus adiposum fossae ischiorectalis, fat body of ischiorectal fossa. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ischiorectal fossa
A wedge-shaped space with its base toward the perineum and lying between the tuberosity of the ischium and the obturator internus muscle laterally and the external anal sphincter and the levator ani muscle medially. ... Synonym: fossa ischiorectalis, ischioanal fossa, Velpeau's fossa. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ischiosacral
Relating to the ischium and the sacrum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ischiothoracopagus
Synonym for iliothoracopagus ... Conjoined twins in which union occurs through the ilia and extends to involve the thoraces. ... See: conjoined twins. ... Synonym: ischiothoracopagus. ... Origin: ilio-+ G. Thorax, chest, + pagos, fixed ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ischiotibial
Relating to or connecting the ischium and the tibia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ischiovaginal
Relating to the ischium and the vagina. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ischiovertebral
Relating to the ischium and the vertebral column. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ischochymia
Retention of food in the stomach due to dilation of that organ. ... Origin: G. Ischo, to keep back, + chymos, juice ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ischuria
Retention or suppression of urine. ... Origin: G. Ischo, to keep back, + ouron, urine ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

iscoms
Synthetic vaccines consisting of an assembly of antigens in a multimeric form on a matrix with built-in adjuvant (saponin), forming submicroscopic particles. This produces a highly immunogenic form of subunit vaccine. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

isethionate
A salt or ester of isethionic acid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

isethionic acid
<chemical> 2-hydroxyethanesulfonic acid. A colourless, syrupy, strongly acidic liquid that can form detergents with oleic acid. ... Chemical name: Ethanesulfonic acid, 2-hydroxy- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Ishak
Synonym for Luna-Ishak stain ... <technique> A staining method using celestine blue and acid fuchsin in which bile canaliculi stain pink to red. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Ishihara test
<ophthalmology> A test for colour vision deficiency that utilises a series of pseudoisochromatic plates on which numbers or letters are printed in dots of primary colours surrounded by dots of other colours; the figures are discernable by individuals with normal colour vision. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Ishihara, Shinobu
<person> Japanese ophthalmologist, 1879-1963. ... See: Ishihara test. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

isinglass
1. A semitransparent, whitish, and very pure from of gelatin, chiefly prepared from the sounds or air bladders of various species of sturgeons (as the Acipenser huso) found in the of Western Russia. It used for making jellies, as a clarifier, etc. Cheaper forms of gelatin are not unfrequently so called. Called also fish glue. ... 2. <chemical> …

islam
A monotheistic religion promulgated by the prophet mohammed with allah as the deity. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

island
1. <geography> A tract of land surrounded by water, and smaller than a continent. Cf. Continent. ... 2. Anything regarded as resembling an island; as, an island of ice. ... Origin: OE. Iland, yland, AS. Igland, gland, glond; ig, g, island + land, lond, land. AS. Ig, g, is akin to AS. Ea water, river, OHG. Uwa, G. Au meadow, Icel. Ey island, Dan …

island disease
Synonym for tsutsugamushi disease ... See Typhus, scrub. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

island fever
Synonym for tsutsugamushi disease ... See Typhus, scrub. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

island flap
A flap in which the pedicle consists solely of the supplying artery and vein(s), sometimes including a nerve. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

island of Reil
Synonym for insula ... 1. An oval region of the cerebral cortex overlying the extreme capsule, lateral to the lenticular nucleus, buried in the depth of the fissura lateralis cerebri (sylvian fissure). ... Synonym: insular area, insular cortex, island of Reil. ... Synonym: island. ... 3. Any circumscribed body or patch on the skin. ... Origin: L. Island …

islands of Calleja
Dense clusters of very small nerve cells (granule cells) characteristic of the olfactory tubercle at the base of the forebrain. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

islet
A small island. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

islet amyloid peptide
<hormone, protein> Peptide of 37 amino acids that selectively inhibits insulin stimulated glucose uptake in muscle. Structurally related to calcitonin gene-related peptide. ... (15 Oct 1997) ...

islet cell
<pathology> Cells of the Islets of Langerhans within the pancreas. ... See: A cells, B-cells, D cells. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

islet cell adenoma
<tumour> A benign neoplasm of the pancreas composed of tissue similar in structure to that of the islets of Langerhans; it may contain functioning beta cells, and may cause hypoglycaemia. ... See: insulinoma. ... Synonym: nesidioblastoma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

islet cell antibodies
In first-degree relatives of probands with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus the presence of high titre ICA of the IgG cytoplasmic variety (IgG -ICA) and ICA of the complement-fixing subgroup (CF-ICA) confer a relative risk of 75 for development of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The presence of ICA combined with a decrease in the first-phas …

islet neogenesis-associated protein
<chemical> Constituent of ilotropin; stimulates proliferation of pancreatic ductal cells in vitro; from hamsters and humans; amino acid sequence given in first source ... Synonym: ingap protein, ingap gene product ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

islet tissue
Synonym for Islets of Langerhans ... <anatomy> Groups of cells found within the pancreas: A cells and B-cells secrete insulin and glucagon. ... See: D cells. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

islet-cell-stimulating antibodies
<immunology> Autoantibodies to a putative beta-cell receptor; stimulate the release of insulin both in rodents and man; may be analogous to the thyroid stimulating antibodies that cause grave's hyperthyroidism ... Synonym: icsta ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

Islets of Langerhans
<anatomy> Groups of cells found within the pancreas: A cells and B-cells secrete insulin and glucagon. ... See: D cells. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

iso-
1. <prefix> A prefix that means equal or like. ... 2. <chemistry> A prefix indicating isomer of (isomerism); e.g., isocyanate vs. cyanate. ... 3. <immunology> A prefix designating sameness with respect to species; in recent years, the meaning has shifted to sameness with respect to genetic constitution of individuals. ... Origin: G. …

iso-osmotic
Synonym for isosmotic ... <physiology> Having the same total osmotic pressure or osmolality as another fluid (ordinarily intracellular fluid); such a fluid is not isosmotic if it includes solutes that freely permeate cell membranes. ... Synonym: iso-osmotic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

isoacceptor tRNA
<molecular biology> Different tRNA species that bind to alternate codons for the same amino acid residue; can be one tRNA that recognises the various codons that signify those for the particular amino acid residue. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

isoagglutination
<immunology> Agglutination of red blood cells as a result of the reaction between an isoagglutinin and specific antigen in or on the cells. ... Synonym: isohemagglutination. ... Origin: iso-+ L. Ad, to, + gluten, glue ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

isoagglutinin
<immunology> An isoantibody that causes agglutination of cells of genetically different members of the same species. ... Synonym: isohemagglutinin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

isoagglutinogen
<immunology> An isoantigen that induces agglutination of the cells to which it is attached upon exposure to its specific isoantibody. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

isoallele
<genetics> One of a number of alleles that can be distinguished only by special molecular analyses. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

isoallotypic determinant
<genetics> Genetic determinant's that are both isotypic and allotypic in that they appear in all members of at least one subclass of immunoglobulin but only in some members of another subclass of the same species. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

isoalloxazine
<biochemistry> The heterocyclic compound of riboflavin and other flavins. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

isoaminile
<chemical> An antitussive agent. ... Chemical name: 4-(Dimethylamino)-2-isopropyl-2-phenylvaleronitrile ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

isoamylase
<enzyme> An enzyme that hydrolyzes 1,6-alpha-glucosidic branch linkages in glycogen, amylopectin, and their beta-limit dextrins. It is distinguished from pullulanase (ec 3.2.1.41) by its inability to attack pullulan and by the feeble action of alpha-limit dextrins. It is distinguished from amylopectin 6-glucanohydrolase (ec 3.2.1.69) by its a …

isoandrosterone
Synonym for epiandrosterone ... 3b-hydroxy-5a-androstan-17-one;inactive isomer (3b instead of 3a) of androsterone; found in urine and in testicular and ovarian tissue. ... Synonym: isoandrosterone. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

isoantibody
<immunology> Antibody produced by one individual in response to antigen from another individual of the same species. The antibody reacts with antigens (isoantigens) of another individual of the same species. ... (20 Jun 2000) ...

isoantigen
<immunology> An antigen which can cause an immune response in genetically distinct individuals from the same species. ... They exist in alternative (allelic) forms in a species, and thus induce an immune response when one form is transferred (for example by blood transfusion or tissue graft) to members of the same species who lack the antigen. …

isobar
<physics> The quality or state of being equal in weight, especially in atmospheric pressure. Also, the theory, method, or application of isobaric science. ... <meteorology> A line connecting or marking places upon the surface of the earth where height of the barometer reduced to sea level is the same either at a given time, or for a cert …

isobaric
<physics> Constant pressure. ... (04 Mar 1998) ...

isobaric spinal anaesthesia
Spinal anaesthesia of same density as cerobrospinal fluid so that the level of anaesthesia is not influenced by a change in the position of the patient. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

isobarometric
<physics> Indicating equal barometric pressure. ... (01 Mar 1998) ...

isobars
<chemistry, radiobiology> Nuclides having the same mass number but different atomic numbers. ... (16 Dec 1997) ...