Copy of `mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary`

The wordlist doesn't exist anymore, or, the website doesn't exist anymore. On this page you can find a copy of the original information. The information may have been taken offline because it is outdated.

mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

inversed jaw-winking syndrome
<syndrome> When there are supranuclear lesions of the trigeminal nerve, touching the cornea may produce a brisk movement of the mandible to the opposite side. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

inversion
1. The act of inverting, or turning over or backward, or the state of being inverted. ... 2. <mathematics> A change in the order of the terms of a proportion, so that the second takes the place of the first, and the fourth of the third. ... 3. <genetics> An aberration in which a chromosomal segment is deleted and reinserted in the same pl …

inversion heterozygote
<genetics> Individual in which one chromosome contains an inversion whereas the homologous chromosome does not. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

inversion of chromosomes
A chromosome aberration resulting from a double break in a segment of the chromosome, with end for end rotation of the fragment between the fracture lines, and refusion of the fragments; this results in reversal of the order of genes in that segment. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

inversion of the uterus
A turning of the uterus inside out, usually following childbirth. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

inversion recovery
A magnetic resonance pulse sequence in which a series of 180° magnetic field inversions is followed by a spin echo sequence for signal detection; of note, during recovery, the longitudinal magnetization vector passes through zero. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

invert
1. To turn over; to put upside down; to upset; to place in a contrary order or direction; to reverse; as, to invert a cup, the order of words, rules of justice, etc. 'That doth invert the attest of eyes and ears, As if these organs had deceptious functions.' (Shak) 'Such reasoning falls like an inverted cone, Wanting its proper base to stand upon.' …

invert sugar
Subjected to chemical inversion: inverted. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

invertase
1. <enzyme> Enzyme catalysing the hydrolysis of sucrose to glucose and fructose (sucrase), so called because the sugar solution changes from dextro rotatory to laevo rotatory during the course of the reaction. ... 2. Generally a name for an enzyme that catalyses certain molecular rearrangements. DNA invertases are a class of resolvase. ... (05 …

invertebrate hormones
Hormones produced by invertebrates, usually insects, mollusks, annelids, and helminths. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

invertebrates
Animals that have no spinal column. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

inverted cone bur
A rotary cutting instrument in the shape of a truncated cone with the smaller end attached to the shaft; generally used for entering carious pits or creating undercuts in cavity preparations. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

inverted follicular keratosis
A solitary benign epithelial tumour of infundibular hair follicle origin occurring on the face, consisting of a lobulated epidermal downgrowth of keratinizing squamous cells with a pattern of eddies or whorls. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

inverted image
Synonym for real image ... An image formed by the convergence of the actual rays of light from an object. ... Synonym: inverted image. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

inverted microscope
<instrument, microscopy> A microscope so arranged that the line of sight is directed upward through the objective to the object. ... (05 Aug 1998) ...

inverted nipple
The turning inward of the nipple. Usually a congenital condition, but, if it occurs where it has not previously existed, it can be a sign of breast cancer. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

inverted papilloma
A mucosal tumour of the urinary bladder or nasal cavity in which proliferating epithelium is invaginated beneath the surface and is more smoothly rounded than in other papilloma's. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

inverted pelvis
Split pelvis with separation at pubis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

inverted radial reflex
Flexion of the fingers without flexion of the forearm, on tapping the lower end of the radius; regarded as indicating a lesion of the fifth cervical segment of the spinal cord. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

inverted reflex
Synonym for paradoxical reflex ... Any reflex in which the usual response is reversed or does not conform to the pattern characteristic of the particular reflex. ... Synonym: inverted reflex. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

inverted repeat
Either of two copies of a DNA sequence (such as those foundat oppositeends of a transposon) whichoccur in identical but inverted form. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

invertor
A muscle that inverts or causes inversion or turns a part, such as the foot, inward. ... Origin: see inversion ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

invest
1. To put garments on; to clothe; to dress; to array; opposed to divest. Usually followed by with, sometimes by in; as, to invest one with a robe. ... 2. To put on. 'Can not find one this girdle to invest.' (Spenser) ... 3. To clothe, as with office or authority; to place in possession of rank, dignity, or estate; to endow; to adorn; to grace; to bed …

investigational new drug
Status given an experimental drug after the FDA approves an application for testing it in people. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

investigative techniques
Investigative techniques used in pre-clinical and clinical research, epidemiology, chemistry, immunology, genetics, etc. They do not include techniques specifically applied to diagnosis; therapeutics; anaesthesia and analgesia, surgery, operative, and dentistry. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

investigatory reflex
Synonym for orienting reflex ... An aspect of attending in which an organism's initial response to a change or to a novel stimulus is such that the organism becomes more sensitive to the stimulation; e.g., dilation of the pupil of the eye in response to dim light. ... Synonym: investigatory reflex, orienting response. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

investing
1. In dentistry, covering or enveloping wholly or in part an object such as a denture, tooth, wax form, crown, etc., with a refractory investment material before curing, soldering, or casting. ... 2. In psychoanalysis, allocating to or charging an object with psychic energy or cathexis. ... Vacuum investing, the investing of a pattern within a vacuum …

investing cartilage
Synonym for articular cartilage ... The cartilage covering the articular surfaces of the bones participating in a synovial joint. ... Synonym: cartilago articularis, arthrodial cartilage, diarthrodial cartilage, investing cartilage. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

investing fascia
Synonym for investing layer of deep cervical fascia ... The part of the cervical fascia investing the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles and completely encircling the neck. ... Synonym: lamina superficialis fasciae cervicalis, investing fascia, superficial layer of deep cervical fascia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

investing tissues
The tissue's covering or enclosing a structure. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

investment
1. In dentistry, any material used in investing. ... 2. In psychoanalysis, the psychic charge or cathexis invested in an object. ... Refractory investment, an investment material which can withstand the high temperatures used in soldering or casting. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

investment cast
Synonym for refractory cast ... A cast made of material that will withstand the high temperatures of metal casting or soldering without disintegrating. ... Synonym: investment cast. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

investment tax credit
A specified percentage of the dollar amount of certain new investments that a company can deduct as a credit against its income tax bill. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

investments
Use for articles on the investing of funds for income or profit. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

investor-owned utility
(IOU) A private power company owned by and responsible to its shareholders and regulated by a public service commission. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

inveteracy
1. Firm establishment by long continuance; firmness or deep-rooted obstinacy of any quality or state acquired by time; as, the inveteracy of custom, habit, or disease; usually in a bad sense; as, the inveteracy of prejudice or of error. 'An inveteracy of evil habits that will prompt him to contract more.' (A. Tucker) ... 2. Malignity; spitefulness; …

inveterate
1. Old; long-established. 'It is an inveterate and received opinion.' (Bacon) ... 2. Firmly established by long continuance; obstinate; deep-rooted; of long standing; as, an inveterate disease; an inveterate abuse. 'Heal the inveterate canker of one wound.' (Shak) ... 3. Having habits fixed by long continuance; confirmed; habitual; as, an inveterate …

inviolable
1. Not violable; not susceptible of hurt, wound, or harm (used with respect to either physical or moral damage); not susceptible of being profaned or corrupted; sacred; holy; as, inviolable honor or chastity; an inviolable shrine. 'He tried a third, a tough, well-chosen spear, The inviolable body stood sincere.' (Dryden) ... 2. Unviolated; uninjured …

inviscation
1. Smearing with mucilaginous matter. ... 2. The mixing of the food, during mastication, with the buccal secretions. ... Origin: L. In, in, on, + viscum, birdlime ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

invisible
Incapable of being seen; not perceptible by vision; not visible. 'To us invisible, or dimly seen In these thy lowest works. ... <zoology> ' (Milton) Invisible bird, a small, shy singing bird (Myadestes sibilons), of St. Vincent Islands. Invisible green, a very dark shade of green, approaching to black, and liable to be mistaken for it. ... Orig …

invisible differentiation
Synonym for chemodifferentiation ... Differentiation of the cellular chemical constituents in the embryo prior to cytodifferentiation; sometimes recognizable histochemically. ... Synonym: invisible differentiation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

invisible spectrum
The radiation lying on either side of visible light, i.e., infrared and ultraviolet light. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

involucel
<botany> A secondary involucre, as the bracts subtending the secondary umbels in the family Umbelliferae. ... (19 Oct 1998) ...

involucre
<botany> A group of bracts enveloping a condensed inflorescence, a layer of tissue enveloping some plant parts. ... (28 Oct 1998) ...

involucrin
<protein> Marker protein for keratinocyte differentiation first appearing in the upper spinous layer of the epidermis. Together with trichohyalin forms the scaffold for the cell envelope. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

involuntary
1. Not having will of the power of choice. ... 2. Not under the influence or control of the will; not voluntary; as, the involuntary movements of the body; involuntary muscle fibres. ... 3. Not proceeding from choice; done unwillingly; reluctant; compulsory; as, involuntary submission. ... Origin: L. Involuntarius. ... (28 Oct 1998) ...

involuntary guarding
Abdominal muscle spasm, caused by retroperitoneal inflammation, which cannot be willfully suppressed. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

involuntary muscles
Muscle's not ordinarily under control of the will; except in the case of the heart, they are smooth (nonstriated) muscle's, innervated by the autonomic nervous system. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

involuntary nervous system
Synonym for autonomic nervous system ... <anatomy> Neurons that are not under conscious control, comprising two antagonistic components, the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. ... The autonomic nervous system regulates key functions including the activity of the cardiac (heart) muscle, smooth muscles (e.g., of the gut), and glands …

involute
<botany> Rolled inwards, of a leaf, with the margins rolled towards the adaxial surface. ... (28 Oct 1998) ...

involution
1. A rolling or turning inward. ... 2. One of the movements involved in the gastrulation of many animals. ... 3. A retrograde change of the entire body or in a particular organ, as the retrograde changes in the female genital organs that result in normal size after delivery. ... 4. The progressive degeneration occurring naturally with advancing age, r …

involution cyst
A mammary cyst occurring at the menopause, due to fibrocystic disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

involution form
An irregular or atypical bacterial cell produced as a result of exposure to unfavorable conditions. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

involution of the uterus
The process of reduction of the uterus to its normal nonpregnant size and state following childbirth. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

involutional
Relating to involution. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

involutional depression
Depression or psychosis first occurring in the involutional years (40 to 55 for women, 50 to 65 for men). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

involutional melancholia
A depressive disorder of middle life, commonly associated with the climacteric. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

involutional psychosis
An obsolete term for mental disturbance occurring during the menopause or later life. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

involve
1. To roll or fold up; to wind round; to entwine. 'Some of serpent kind . . . Involved Their snaky folds.' (Milton) ... 2. To envelop completely; to surround; to cover; to hide; to involve in darkness or obscurity. 'And leave a singed bottom all involved With stench and smoke.' (Milton) ... 3. To complicate or make intricate, as in grammatical struct …

inward
1. Being or placed within; inner; interior; opposed to outward. ... 2. Seated in the mind, heart, spirit, or soul. 'Inward beauty.' ... 3. Intimate; domestic; private. 'All my inward friends abhorred me.' (Job xix. 19) 'He had had occasion, by one very inward with him, to know in part the discourse of his life.' (Sir P. Sidney) ... Origin: AS. Inweard …

inwardly
1. In the inner parts; internally. 'Let Benedick, like covered fire, Consume away in sighs, waste inwardly.' (Shak) ... 2. Toward the center; inward; as, to curve inwardly. ... 3. In the heart or mind; mentally; privately; secrety; as, he inwardly repines. ... 4. Intimately; thoroughly. 'I shall desire to know him more inwardly.' (Beau. & Fl) ... O …

iobenzamic acid
N-(3-Amino-2,4,6-triiodobenzoyl)-N-phenyl-beta-alanine;a radiographic contrast medium for oral cholecystography. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

iocetamic acid
N-Acetyl-N-(3-amino-2,4,6-triiodophenyl)-2-methyl-beta-alanine;a radiographic contrast medium for oral cholecystography. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

iodamide
<chemical> 3-acetamido-5-(acetamidomethyl)-2,4,6-triiodobenzoic acid. An ionic monomeric contrast medium. ... Pharmacological action: contrast media. ... Chemical name: Benzoic acid, 3-(acetylamino)-5-((acetylamino)methyl)-2,4,6-triiodo- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Iodamoeba
A genus of parasitic amoebae in the superclass Rhizopoda, order Amoebida. ... Iodamoeba butschlii, a parasitic amoeba in the large intestine of man; trophozoites are usually 9 to 14 um in diameter; the cysts are usually 8 to 10 um in diameter, uninucleate and somewhat irregular in shape, with a thick wall and a large compact mass of glycogen that st …

iodate reaction of epinephrine
A reaction dependent upon the oxidation of epinephrine by iodine liberated from iodate, which is decomposed by the hormone; a faint pink colour results. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

iodates
Inorganic salts of iodic acid (hio3). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

iodic acid
HIO3;crystalline powder, soluble in water; used as an astringent, caustic, disinfectant, deodorant, and intestinal antiseptic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

iodide acne
A follicular eruption on the face, trunk, and extremities, due to injection or ingestion of iodide in a hypersensitive individual. ... See: iododerma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

iodide goiter
See Iodine excess. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

iodide peroxidase
<enzyme> A haemprotein that catalyses the oxidation of the iodide radical to iodine with the subsequent iodination of many organic compounds, particularly proteins. ... Chemical name: Iodide:hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase ... Registry number: EC 1.11.1.8 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

iodide transport defect
See: familial goiter. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

iodides
Inorganic binary compounds of iodine or the I- ion. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

iodimetry
Synonym: iodometry. ... Origin: iodine + G. Metron, measure ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

iodinase
Synonym for iodide peroxidase ... <enzyme> A haemprotein that catalyses the oxidation of the iodide radical to iodine with the subsequent iodination of many organic compounds, particularly proteins. ... Chemical name: Iodide:hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase ... Registry number: EC 1.11.1.8 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

iodinate
To treat or combine with iodine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

iodinated 125I serum albumin
A sterile, buffered, isotonic solution prepared to contain not less than 10 mg of radioiodinated normal human serum albumin per ml, and adjusted to provide not more than 1 mCi of radioactivity per ml; used as a diagnostic aid in determining blood volume and cardiac output. ... Synonym: radioiodinated serum albumin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

iodinated 131I human serum albumin
A sterile, buffered, isotonic solution prepared to contain not less than 10 mg of radioiodinated normal human serum albumin per ml, and adjusted to provide not more than 1 mCi of radioactivity per ml; used as a diagnostic aid in the measurement of blood volume and cardiac output. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

iodinated contrast
A substance that contains iodine that can be injected, swallowed or given as an enema for the purpose of diagnostics. Iodinated contrast is radiopaque. This means that conventional X-rays will highlight the course of the contrast in the body. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

iodinated contrast material
A substance that contains iodine that can be injected, swallowed or given as an enema for the purpose of diagnostics. Iodinated contrast is radiopaque. This means that conventional X-rays will highlight the course of the contrast in the body. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

iodinated glycerol
A form of organically bound iodine which liberates iodine systemically. Has been used as a medicinal source of iodine and as an expectorant in place of inorganic iodides such as potassium iodide. ... Synonym: iodopropylidene glycerol, organidin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

iodine
<element> An element. Radiation therapy often uses radioactive forms of iodine in treatment. ... (13 Nov 1997) ...

iodine compounds
Inorganic compounds that contain iodine as an integral part of the molecule. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

iodine cysts
An obsolete term used to indicate the cyst's of Iodamoeba butschlii, characterised by a large iodine-positive glycogen vacuole. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

iodine deficiency
Iodine is a natural requirement of our diets. Iodine deficiency can lead to inadequate production of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland (hypothyroidism). For example, in some parts of zaire, ecuador, india, and chile, remote, mountainous areas, such as in the alps (in the past), andes and the himalayas have a particular predisposition to severe …

iodine excess
Just as too little iodine can cause thyroid disease, so may prolonged intake of too much iodine also lead to the development of goiter (swelling of the thyroid gland) and hypothyroidism (abnormally low thyroid activity). Certain foods and medications contain large amounts of iodine. Examples include seaweed; iodine-rich expectorants (such as sski a …

iodine isotopes
Stable iodine atoms that have the same atomic number as the element iodine, but differ in atomic weight. I-127 is the only naturally occurring stable iodine isotope. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

iodine number
An indication of the quantity of unsaturated fatty acids present in a fat; it represents the number of grams of iodine absorbed by each 100 g of fat. ... See: hydrogen number. ... Synonym: iodine value. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

iodine radioisotopes
Unstable isotopes of iodine that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. I atoms with atomic weights 117-139, except I 127, are radioactive iodine isotopes. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

iodine reaction of epinephrine
A reaction resulting from the oxidation of the hormone, a faint pink colour appearing upon the addition of iodine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

iodine stain
<technique> A stain to detect amyloid, cellulose, chitin, starch, carotenes, and glycogen, and to stain amoebas by virtue of their glycogen; faeces and other wet preparations are stained directly with Lugol's iodine solution; smears are treated with Schaudinn's fixative and then stained with alcoholic iodine, followed by Heidenhain's iron hae …

iodine test
A test for detecting the presence of starch based on its reaction with iodine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

iodine tincture
A hydroalcoholic solution containing 2% elemental iodine and 2.4% potassium iodide to facilitate dissolution and 47% alcohol; used as an antiseptic/germicide on the skin surface for cuts and scratches. Has been used as a skin disinfectant before surgery but is now largely replaced by organic forms of iodine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

iodine uptake test
A test of thyroid function in which 131I-iodide is given orally; after 24 hours, the amount present in the thyroid gland is measured and compared with normal values. ... Synonym: radioactive iodide uptake test, RAI test. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

iodine value
Synonym for iodine number ... An indication of the quantity of unsaturated fatty acids present in a fat; it represents the number of grams of iodine absorbed by each 100 g of fat. ... See: hydrogen number. ... Synonym: iodine value. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

iodine-123
<radiobiology> A radioisotope of iodine with a 159 keV gamma emission and a physical half-life of 13.2 hr, frequently used for studies of thyroid disease and of renal function. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

iodine-125
<radiobiology> Radioactive iodine isotope that decays by K-capture (internal conversion) with a half-life of 59.4 days; used as a tracer in thyroid studies and as a label in immunoassay and in imaging. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

iodine-127
<radiobiology> Stable, nonradioactive iodine, the most abundant iodide isotope found in nature; dietary deficiency causes simple goiter; used to block thyroid uptake of radioactive iodine released from nuclear accidents. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

iodine-131
<radiobiology> A radioactive iodine isotope, 364 keV peak beta and gamma emitter with a half-life of 8 days. ... It is used as a tracer in thyroid studies, as therapy in hyperthyroidism, thyroid cancer, and heart disease, and as a label in immunoassay and imaging. ... (22 Sep 2002) ...

iodine-132
<radiobiology> A beta-and gamma-emitting radioisotope of iodine with a physical half-life of 2.28 hr, usually obtained from a tellurium-132 radionuclide generator; its clinical use has been supplanted by 131I and 123I. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...