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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary
Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary
Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK
Words: 116197
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jacket1. A short upper garment, extending downward to the hips; a short coat without skirts. ... 2. An outer covering for anything, especially. A covering of some nonconducting material such as wood or felt, used to prevent radiation of heat, as from a steam boiler, cylinder, pipe, etc. ... 3. In ordnance, a strengthening band surrounding and reenforcing t …
jacket crownA hollow crown of acrylic resin, fused porcelain or cast gold, combinations of gold and acrylic or gold and porcelain; it fits over the prepared stump of the natural crown. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Jackson, Jabez<person> U.S. Surgeon, 1868-1935. ... See: Jackson's membrane, Jackson's veil. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Jackson, John Hughlings<person> English neurologist, 1835-1911. ... See: jacksonian epilepsy, Jackson's law, Jackson's rule, Jackson's sign. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Jackson's lawLoss of mental functions due to disease retraces in reverse order its evolutionary development. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Jackson's membraneA thin vascular membrane or veil-like adhesion, covering the anterior surface of the ascending colon from the caecum to the right flexure; it may cause obstruction by kinking of the bowel. ... Synonym: Jackson's veil. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Jackson's ruleAfter an epileptic attack, simple and quasiautomatic functions are less affected and more rapidly recovered than the more complex ones. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Jackson's sign<clinical sign> During quiet respiration the movement of the paralysed side of the chest may be greater than that of the opposite side, while in forced respiration the paralysed side moves less than the other. ... Origin: J. H. Jackson ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Jackson's veilSynonym for Jackson's membrane ... A thin vascular membrane or veil-like adhesion, covering the anterior surface of the ascending colon from the caecum to the right flexure; it may cause obstruction by kinking of the bowel. ... Synonym: Jackson's veil. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
jacksonianDescribed by John Hughlings Jackson. ... See: jacksonian epilepsy, Jacksonian seizure. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
jacksonian epilepsySynonym for Jacksonian seizure ... A brief temporary alteration in movement, sensation or autonomic nerve function caused by abnormal electrical activity in a localised area of the brain. Focal seizures (i.e. Partial or Jacksonian seizures) usually cause no change in awareness or alertness. An example of a focal (partial) seizure would be rhythmic m …
Jacksonian seizureA brief temporary alteration in movement, sensation or autonomic nerve function caused by abnormal electrical activity in a localised area of the brain. Focal seizures (i.e. Partial or Jacksonian seizures) usually cause no change in awareness or alertness. An example of a focal (partial) seizure would be rhythmic muscle contractions in one area of …
jackstone bladder calculus<radiology> Spiculated calculus in urinary bladder, calcium oxalate monohydrate ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
jackstraw1. An effigy stuffed with straw; a scarecrow; hence, a man without property or influence. ... 2. One of a set of straws of strips of ivory, bone, wood, etc, for playing a child's game, the jackstraws being thrown confusedly together on a table, to be gathered up singly by a hooked instrument, without touching or disturbing the rest of the pile. See …
Jacobaeus operationAn obsolete term for pleurolysis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Jacobaeus, Hans<person> Swedish surgeon, 1879-1937. ... See: Jacobaeus operation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
jacobin1. A Dominican friar; so named because, before the French Revolution, that order had a convent in the Rue St. Jacques, Paris. ... 2. One of a society of violent agitators in France, during the revolution of 1789, who held secret meetings in the Jacobin convent in the Rue St. Jacques, Paris, and concerted measures to control the proceedings of the Na …
jacobite1. A partisan or adherent of James the Second, after his abdication, or of his descendants, an opposer of the revolution in 1688 in favor of William and Mary. ... 2. One of the sect of Syrian Monophysites. The sect is named after Jacob Baradaeus, its leader in the sixth century. ... Origin: L. Jacobus James: cf. F. Jacobite. See Jack. ... Source: Webs …
Jacobson, Ludwig<person> Danish anatomist, 1783-1843. ... See: Jacobson's anastomosis, Jacobson's canal, Jacobson's cartilage, Jacobson's nerve, Jacobson's organ, Jacobson's plexus, Jacobson's reflex. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Jacobson's anastomosisA portion of the tympanic plexus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Jacobson's cartilageSynonym for cartilago vomeronasalis ... A narrow strip of cartilage located between the lower edge of the cartilage of the nasal septum and the vomer. ... Synonym: Jacobson's cartilage, paraseptal cartilage, vomer cartilagineus, vomerine cartilage, vomeronasal cartilage. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Jacobson's nerveSynonym for tympanic nerve ... <anatomy, nerve> A nerve from the inferior ganglion of the glossopharyngeal nerve, passing through the tympanic canaliculus to the tympanic cavity, forming there the tympanic plexus which supplies the mucous membrane of the tympanic cavity, mastoid cells, and auditory tube; presynaptic parasympathetic fibres also …
Jacobson's organSynonym for vomeronasal organ ... A specialised part of the olfactory system located anteriorly in the nasal cavity within the nasal septum. Chemosensitive cells of the vomeronasal organ project via the vomeronasal nerve to the accessory olfactory bulb. The primary function of this organ appears to be in sensing pheromones which regulate reproductiv …
Jacobson's plexusSynonym for tympanic plexus ... A plexus on the promontory of the labyrinthine wall of the tympanic cavity, formed by the tympanic nerve, an anastomotic branch of the facial, and sympathetic branches from the internal carotid plexus; it supplies the mucosa of the middle ear, mastoid cells, and auditory (eustachian) tube, and gives off the lesser sup …
Jacobson's reflexFlexion of the fingers elicited by tapping the flexor tendons over the wrist joint or the lower end of the radius. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Jacquart, Henri<person> 19th century French physician. ... See: Jacquart's facial angle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Jacquart's facial angleA facial angle with the intersection always at the nasal spine point; additional variation uses the supraorbital point instead of the glabella, and this latter version is also known as ophryospinal facial angle or Topinard's facial angle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Jacquemet, Marcel<person> French anatomist, 1872-1908. ... See: Jacquemet's recess. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Jacquemet's recessA pouch of peritoneum between the gallbladder and the liver. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Jacquemin, Emile<person> 19th century French chemist. ... See: Jacquemin's test. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Jacquemin's testA test for phenol; to the suspected fluid an equal amount of aniline is added, and, after thorough admixture, a little solution of sodium hypochlorite; if phenol is present the fluid becomes blue. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Jacques, Paul<person> 19th century French physician. ... See: Jacques' plexus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Jacques' plexusA nerve plexus within the muscular coat of the uterine (fallopian) tube. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Jacquet, Leonard<person> French dermatologist, 1860-1914. ... See: Jacquet's erythema. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Jacquet's erythemaSynonym for diaper dermatitis ... Colloquially referred to as diaper, ammonia, or napkin rash; dermatitis of thighs and buttocks resulting from exposure to urine and faeces in infants' diapers. Formerly attributed to ammonia formation; moisture, bacterial growth, and alkalinity may all induce lesions. ... Synonym: ammonia rash, diaper rash, Jacquet's …
jactitation1. Vain boasting or assertions repeated to the prejudice of another's right; false claim. ... 2. <medicine> A frequent tossing or moving of the body; restlessness, as in delirium. Jactitation of marriage, a giving out or boasting by a party that he or she is married to another, whereby a common reputation of their matrimony may ensue. ... Origi …
Jadassohn-Lewandowski syndromeSynonym for pachyonychia congenita ... A syndrome of ectodermal dysplasia of abnormal thickness and elevation of nail plates with palmar and plantar hyperkeratosis; the tongue is whitish and glazed owing to papillary atrophy; autosomal dominant inheritance. ... Synonym: Jadassohn-Lewandowski syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Jadassohn-Pellizzari anetodermaCutaneous atrophy preceded by erythematous or urticarial lesions of the trunk and upper portions of the extremities, and enlarging to 2-3 cm before undergoing involution. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Jadassohn-Tieche nevusSynonym for blue nevus ... A dark blue or blue-black nevus covered by smooth skin and formed by heavily pigmented spindle-shaped or dendritic melanocytes in the reticular dermis. ... Synonym: Jadassohn-Tieche nevus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Jadassohn, Josef<person> German dermatologist in Switzerland, 1863-1936; introduced the patch test for contact dermatitis. ... See: Jadassohn's nevus, Borst-Jadassohn type intraepidermal epithelioma, Jadassohn-Pellizzari anetoderma, Jadassohn-Tieche nevus, Franceschetti-Jadassohn syndrome, Jadassohn-Lewandowski syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Jadassohn's nevusSynonym for nevus sebaceus ... Congenital papillary acanthosis of the epidermis, with hyperplasia of sebaceous glands developing at puberty and presence of apocrine glands in non-apocrine areas of the skin (commonly the scalp). A variety of epithelial tumours may arise from a nevus sebaceus in adult life, most commonly basal cell carcinoma. ... Synon …
jade1. To treat like a jade; to spurn. ... 2. To make ridiculous and contemptible. 'I do now fool myself, to let imagination jade me.' (Shak) ... 3. To exhaust by overdriving or long-continued labour of any kind; to tire or wear out by severe or tedious tasks; to harass. 'The mind, once jaded by an attempt above its power, . . . Checks at any vigorous un …
Jaeger, Eduard Ritter von Jaxthal<person> Austrian ophthalmologist, 1818-1884. ... See: Jaeger's test types. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Jaeger's test typesType of different sizes used for testing the acuity of near vision. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Jaffe reactionA bright orange-red complex resulting from the treatment of creatinine with alkaline picrate solution; the basis of most routine creatinine tests. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Jaffe-Lichtenstein diseaseAn obsolete term for fibrous dysplasia of bone. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Jaffe, Henry<person> U.S. Pathologist, 1896-1979 ... See: Jaffe-Lichtenstein disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Jaffe, Max<person> German biochemist, 1841-1911. ... See: Jaffe reaction, Jaffe's test. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Jaffe's testA qualitative test for the presence of indicanuria; after an equal amount of HCl is added to the urine, the further addition of chloroform and CaCl2 gives rise to blue or purple chloroform droplets which sink to the bottom if indican is present; a quantitative test for creatinine based on its reaction with alkaline picrate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
jag1. A notch; a cleft; a barb; a ragged or sharp protuberance; a denticulation. 'Arethuss arose . . . From rock and from jag.' (Shelley) 'Garments thus beset with long jags.' (Holland) ... 2. A part broken off; a fragment. ... 3. <botany> A cleft or division. Jag bolt, a bolt with a nicked or barbed shank which resists retraction, as when leaded …
jager1. A sharpshooter. See Yager. ... 2. <zoology> Any species of gull of the genus Stercorarius. Three species occur on the Atlantic coast. The jagers pursue other species of gulls and force them to disgorge their prey. The two middle tail feathers are usually decidedly longer than the rest. Called also boatswain, and marline-spike bird. The name …
jaguar<zoology> A large and powerful feline animal (Felis onca), ranging from Texas and Mexico to Patagonia. It is usually brownish yellow, with large, dark, somewhat angular rings, each generally inclosing one or two dark spots. It is chiefly arboreal in its habits. ... Synonym: the American tiger. ... Origin: Braz. Yagoara: cf. & Pg. Jaguar. …
Jahnke's syndrome<syndrome> Sturge-Weber syndrome without glaucoma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
jailA kind of prison; a building for the confinement of persons held in lawful custody, especially for minor offenses or with reference to some future judicial proceeding. ... Alternative forms: gaol] 'This jail I count the house of liberty.' (Milton) Jail bird, a prisoner; one who has been confined in prison. Jail delivery, the release of prisoners fro …
jail feverEpidemic typhus, a severe acute (sudden-onset) infectious disease with prolonged high fever up to 40ø c (104ø f), intractable headache, and a pink-to-red raised rash. The cause is a microorganism called rickettsia prowazekii. It is found worldwide and is transmitted by lice. The lice become infected on typhus patients and transmit illness to other …
jake paralysisNeuropathy produced by drinking synthetic Jamaican ginger (or 'jake' in the vernacular) containing triorthocresylphosphate. ... Synonym: ginger paralysis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Jakob-Creutzfeldt disease<infectious disease> A very rare form of encephalopathy thought to be caused by a virus (slow-virus), termed a prion. There is little known about the mode of transmission. Human to human transmission has occurred through the use of contaminated brain electrodes and transplantation of infected tissues. The agent can be recovered in the CSF of …
Jakob, Alfons<person> German neuropsychiatrist, 1884-1931. ... See: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, Jakob-Creutzfeldt disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
jakob's diseaseBetter known as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (cjd), a dementing disease of the brain. It is believed due to an unconventional, transmissible agent (a prion). Symptoms of cjd include forgetfulness, nervousness, jerky trembling hand movements, unsteady gait, muscle spasms, chronic dementia, balance disorder, and loss of facial expression. Cjd is classif …
jalap<medicine> The tubers of the Mexican plant Ipomoea purga (or Exogonium purga), a climber much like the morning-glory. The abstract, extract, and powder, prepared from the tubers, are well known purgative medicines. Other species of Ipomoea yield several inferior kinds of jalap, as the I. Orizabensis, and I. Tuberosa. False jalap, the root of …
jalap resinResin extracted from the dried tuberous root of Exogonium purga; a purgative. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
jam1. A mass of people or objects crowded together; also, the pressure from a crowd; a crush; as, a jam in a street; a jam of logs in a river. ... 2. An injury caused by jamming. ... A preserve of fruit boiled with sugar and water; as, raspberry jam; currant jam; grape jam. Jam nut. See Check nut, under Check. Jam weld, a butt weld. See Butt. ... Origin: …
jamaicaOne of the West India is islands. Jamaica ginger, a variety of ginger, called also white ginger, prepared in Jamaica from the best roots, which are deprived of their epidermis and dried separately. Jamaica pepper, allspice. ... <botany> Jamaica rose, a West Indian melastomaceous shrub (Blakea trinervis), with showy pink flowers. ... Source: Web …
Jamaican vomiting sicknessSynonym for ackee poisoning ... An acute and frequently fatal vomiting disease associated with central nervous system symptoms and marked hypoglycaemia, caused by eating unripe ackee fruit of Blighia spaida, a tree common in Jamaica. ... Synonym: Jamaican vomiting sickness. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
jamais vuFrom the French, meaning never seen, the illusion that the familiar does not seem familiar, the opposite of the feeling of deja vu. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
jamb1. The vertical side of any opening, as a door or fireplace; hence, less properly, any narrow vertical surface of wall, as the of a chimney-breast or of a pier, as distinguished from its face. ... 2. <chemical> Any thick mass of rock which prevents miners from following the lode or vein. ... Origin: Prov. E. Jaumb, jaum, F. Jambe a leg, jambe d …
James fibresAtrio-His bundle connections thought to be the basis for the short P-R interval syndrome; these fibre's should be distinguished from the internodal tracts of the atrium, sometimes referred to as 'James tracts.' ... Synonym: James tracts. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
James LindSynonym for Lind, James ... <person> This Edinburgher was an apprentice to a surgeon,but entered the navy before getting his M.D., and remained for nine years. ... He left the service and received his degree from the University of Edinburgh. Lind became physician to the Haslar Naval Hospital near Portsmouth where he had 300 to 1,000 cases of sc …
James ParkinsonSynonym for Parkinson, James ... <person> This English physician is chiefly remembered for his 66-page 'Essay on the Shaking Palsy' (first edition is valued at £10,000) which was published in 1817 and is a classic account of paralysis agitans (Parkinson's Disease). ... Parkinson explained that the intellect was uninjured, but motor power was de …
James tractsSynonym for James fibres ... Atrio-His bundle connections thought to be the basis for the short P-R interval syndrome; these fibre's should be distinguished from the internodal tracts of the atrium, sometimes referred to as 'James tracts.' ... Synonym: James tracts. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
James WatsonSynonym for Watson, James Dewey ... <person> An American biochemist and alumnus of Indiana University born in 1928 who was one of three people to win the Nobel Prize in 1962 for the category of physiology or medicine. ... He and Francis Crick, an English biologist, discovered the double-stranded helix structure of the DNA molecule and built the …
James-Lange theoryThat bodily changes, such as tachycardia or sweating, precede rather than follow the conscious perception of an emotion and by themselves evoke the emotional feeling. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
James, George<person> 20th century U.S. Radiologist. ... See: Swyer-James syndrome, Swyer-James-MacLeod syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
James, Thomas<person> U.S. Cardiologist and physiologist, *1925. ... See: James fibres, James tracts. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
James, William<person> U.S. Psychologist, 1842-1910. ... See: James-Lange theory. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Jamestown Canyon virusA member of the California group of arboviruses (family Bunyaviridae) which has been associated with a mild febrile illness in humans in North America. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Jamin Lebedeff system<apparatus> Interference microscopy in which object and reference beams are split and later recombined by birefringent calcite plates, but pass through the same optical components (in contrast to the Mach Zehnder system). ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
Janet, Pierre<person> French neurologist, 1859-1947. ... See: Janet's test. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Janet's testA test for functional or organic anaesthesia; the patient (with eyes closed) is told to say 'yes' or 'no' when he feels or does not feel the touch of the examiner's finger; in the case of functional anaesthesia he may say 'no' when an anaesthetic area is touched, but will say nothing, being unaware that he is touched, in cases of organic anaesthesi …
Janeway lesionOne of the stigmata of infectious endocarditis: irregular, erythematous, flat, painless macules on the palms, soles, thenar and hypothenar eminences of the hands, tips of the fingers, and plantar surfaces of the toes; rarely a diffuse rash. In acute endocarditis the lesions may be haemorrhagic or purple. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Janeway, Edward<person> U.S. Physician, 1841-1911. ... See: Janeway lesion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
jangle1. To sound harshly or discordantly, as bells out of tune. ... 2. To talk idly; to prate; to babble; to chatter; to gossip. 'Thou janglest as a jay.' ... 3. To quarrel in words; to altercate; to wrangle. 'Good wits will be jangling; but, gentles, agree.' (Shak) 'Prussian Trenck . . . Jargons and jangles in an unmelodious manner.' (Carlyle) ... Origin: …
janicepsConjoined twins having their two heads fused together, with the faces looking in opposite directions. ... See: conjoined twins. ... See: craniopagus, syncephalus. ... Origin: L. Janus, a Roman diety having two faces, + caput, head ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
janiceps asymmetrusA janiceps with one very small and imperfectly developed face. ... Synonym: iniops, syncephalus asymmetros. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
janiceps parasiticusA janiceps in which one of the twins is a small and incompletely formed parasite attached to the more fully formed autosite. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Jansen, Albert<person> German otologist, 1859-1933. ... See: Jansen's operation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Jansen's operationAn operation for frontal sinus disease, the lower wall and lower portion of the anterior wall being removed and the mucous membrane curetted away. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Jansky-Bielschowsky diseaseCerebral sphingolipidosis, early juvenile type. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Jansky, Jan<person> Czech physician, 1873-1921. ... See: Jansky-Bielschowsky disease, Jansky's classification. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Jansky's classificationThe classification of human blood groups now designated O, A, B, and AB. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Janus green BC30H31N6Cl; diethylsafraninazodimethylaniline chloride;a basic dye used in histology and to stain mitochondria supravitally. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
japanOf or pertaining to Japan, or to the lacquered work of that country; as, Japan ware. ... <botany> Japan allspice, a cloverlike plant (Lespedeza striata) from Eastern Asia, useful for fodder, first noticed in the Southern United States about 1860, but now become very common. During the Civil War it was called variously Yankee clover and Rebel c …
Japan waxA vegetable wax derived from Rhus succedanea and Toxicodendron verniciferum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
japanese b encephalitis<pathology> An epidemic viral encephalitis that strikes populations in Japan and other East Asian countries, typically in summer months. ... Symptoms canresemble poliomyelitis, but the disease can also be virtually symptomless. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
Japanese B encephalitis virusA virus of the genus Flavivirus (group B arbovirus) occurring particularly in Japan but probably widespread throughout Southeast Asia; the virus is normally present in humans, especially in children, as an inapparent infection, but may cause febrile response and sometimes encephalitis; it may cause encephalitis in horses and abortion in pigs; wild …
Japanese dysenterySynonym for bacillary dysentery ... Infection with Shigella dysenteriae, S. Flexneri, or other organisms. ... Synonym: Japanese dysentery. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Japanese river feverSynonym for tsutsugamushi disease ... See Typhus, scrub. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
jar1. A deep, broad-mouthed vessel of earthenware or glass, for holding fruit, preserves, etc, or for ornamental purposes; as, a jar of honey; a rose jar. ... 2. The measure of what is contained in a jar; as, a jar of oil; a jar of preserves. Bell jar, Leyden jar. ... Origin: F. Jarre, Sp. Jarra, from Ar. Jarrah ewer; cf. Pers. Jarrah. ... Source: Webste …
jargon aphasiaSynonym for agrammatism ... A form of aphasia characterised by an inability to construct a grammatical sentence, and the use of unintelligible or incorrect words; caused by a lesion in the dominant temporal lobe. ... Synonym: agrammatica, agrammatologia, jargon aphasia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Jarisch-Herxheimer reactionSynonym for Herxheimer's reaction ... An inflammatory reaction in syphilitic tissues (skin, mucous membrane, nervous system, or viscera) induced in certain cases by specific treatment with Salvarsan, mercury, or antibiotics; believed to be due to a rapid release of treponemal antigen with an associated allergic reaction in the patient. ... Synonym: J …
