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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

K-radiation
Usually a very penetrating form of x-radiation excited by cathode rays (high speed electrons) impinging upon a metal anode such as tungsten; the energy of the radiation is a function of the binding energy of the K-shell electrons of the metal anode. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

k-ras
<oncogene> A proto-oncogene that has point mutations and is associated with melanoma, thyroid carcinoma, and acute myelogenous and lymphoblastic leukaemia. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

Ka
1. <chemistry> Acid dissociation constant. Often encountered as pKa (i.e. Log10Ka). ... 2. Association constant (Kass). The equilibrium constant for association, the reciprocal of Kd, with dimensions of litres/mole. Better to use Kd, thereby removing any ambiguity. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

kabure
Synonym for schistosomiasis japonica ... Schistosomiasis caused by schistosoma japonicum. It is endemic in the far east and affects the bowel, liver, and spleen. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

kabure itch
Synonym for schistosomiasis japonica ... Schistosomiasis caused by schistosoma japonicum. It is endemic in the far east and affects the bowel, liver, and spleen. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

kaemferol
A flavone-ring-containing plant pigment found in many angiosperms (flowering plants). ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

Kaes, Theodor
<person> German neurologist, 1852-1913. ... See: line of Kaes, band of Kaes-Bechterew. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Kaffir pox
Synonym for alastrim ... A mild form of smallpox caused by a less virulent strain of the virus. ... Synonym: Cuban itch, Kaffir pox, milkpox, pseudosmallpox, pseudovariola, variola minor, West Indian smallpox, whitepox. ... Origin: Pg. Alastrar, to scatter over ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

kafindo
Synonym for onyalai ... An acute disease affecting natives of Central Africa, characterised by bloody vesicles of the mouth and other mucous surfaces, haematuria, and melena; defective nutrition may be the cause. ... Synonym: akembe, kafindo. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

kafir
<ethnology> One of a race which, with the Hottentots and Bushmen, inhabit South Africa. They inhabit the country north of Cape Colony, the name being now specifically applied to the tribes living between Cape Colony and Natal; but the Zulus of Natal are true Kaffirs. ... One of a race inhabiting Kafiristan in Central Asia. ... <botany> [S …

kahau
<zoology> A long-nosed monkey (Semnopithecus nasalis), native of Borneo. The general colour of the body is bright chestnut, with the under parts, shoulders, and sides of the head, golden yellow, and the top of the head and upper part of the back brown. ... Synonym: proboscis monkey. ... Alternative forms: kaha. ... Origin: Native name, from its …

kainate
An agonist for the K type excitatory amino acid receptor. It can act as an excitotoxin producing symptoms similar to those of Huntingdon's chorea and is also used as an anthelminthic drug. Originally isolated from the alga Digenea simplex. The receptor is an amino acid gated ion channel, one of several types gated by the transmitter. ... (18 Nov 199 …

kainate receptor
A type of glutamate receptor that participates in excitatory neurotransmission and also binds kainate and acts as a cation channel; injection of kainate causes death of neurons but preserves glial cells and axons. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

kainic acid
Synonym for kainate ... An agonist for the K type excitatory amino acid receptor. It can act as an excitotoxin producing symptoms similar to those of Huntingdon's chorea and is also used as an anthelminthic drug. Originally isolated from the alga Digenea simplex. The receptor is an amino acid gated ion channel, one of several types gated by the tran …

kairomone
<endocrinology> A subclass of pheromone, defined as an interspecific secretion which benefits the receiver. ... See: allomone. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

kairomones
A flower scent used to attract or repel other species. ... Compare: pheromones, allomones. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Kaiserling
Karl, German pathologist, 1869-1942. ... See: Kaiserling's fixative. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Kaiserling's fixative
A method of preserving histologic and pathologic specimens without altering the colour, by immersing them in an aqueous solution of potassium nitrate, potassium acetate, and formalin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

kak-
Kako- ... See: caco-. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

kaka
<zoology> A New Zealand parrot of the genus Nestor, especially the brown parrot (Nestor meridionalis). ... The mountain kaka, or kea (N. Notabilis), is remarkable for having recently acquired carnivorous habits. It attacks and kills lambs and pigs, sometimes doing great damage. Night kaka. ... <zoology> The kakapo. ... Origin: Maori kaka a …

kakke
Synonym: beriberi. ... Origin: Jap. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

kal-
Kali- ... Potassium; sometimes improperly written as kalio-. ... Origin: L. Kalium, potassium ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

kala azar
A chronic and sometimes fatal bacterial disease caused by the bacterium Leishmania donovani (a haemoflagellate). ... It is transmitted by sandflies in parts of Asia, Africa and South America. It particularly causes fever, enlargement of the liver and spleen, involves the bone marrow and lymph nodes, and causes fatigue and secondary infections. ... Sy …

kalaemia
The presence of potassium in the blood. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

kalanin
<protein> Protein that provides adhesion between epidemal keratinocytes and dermis. Localises to anchoring filaments of basement membrane, 400-440 kD with fragments of 165, 155, 130 & 105 when disulphide bonds are reduced. Forms an asymmetric 170nm long rod with two globules at one end, one at the other. May be the same as epiligrin. ... ( …

kale
1. <botany> A variety of cabbage in which the leaves do not form a head, being nearly the original or wild form of the species. ... Alternative forms: kail, and cale. ... 2. See Kail. ... <botany> Sea kale, a European cruciferous herb (Crambe maritima), often used as a pot herb; sea cabbage. ... Origin: Scot. Kale, kail, cale, colewort, Gae …

kaleidophone
<physics> An instrument invented by Professor Wheatstone, consisting of a reflecting knob at the end of a vibrating rod or thin plate, for making visible, in the motion of a point of light reflected from the knob, the paths or curves corresponding with the musical notes produced by the vibrations. ... Origin: Gr. Beautiful + appearance, form + …

kaleidoscope
<instrument> An instrument invented by Sir David Brewster, which contains loose fragments of coloured glass, etc, and reflecting surfaces so arranged that changes of position exhibit its contents in an endless variety of beautiful colours and symmetrical forms. It has been much employed in arts of design. 'Shifting like the fragments of colou …

kaliopenia
Insufficiency of potassium in the body. ... Origin: Mod. L. Kalium, potassium, + G. Penia, poverty ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

kaliopenic
Relating to kaliopenia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Kalischer
Siegfried, German physician, *1862. ... See: Sturge-Kalischer-Weber syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

kaliuresis
Synonym for kaluresis ... The increased urinary excretion of potassium. ... Synonym: kaliuresis. ... Origin: Mod. L. Kalium, potassium, + G. Ouresis, urination ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

kaliuretic
Synonym for kaluretic ... Relating to, causing, or characterised by kaluresis. ... Synonym: kaliuretic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

kallak
A pustular dermatitis observed among Eskimos. ... Origin: Eskimo word meaning skin disease ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

kallidin 9
Synonym for bradykinin ... <protein> Vasoactive nonapeptide (RPPGFSPFR) formed by action of proteases on kininogens. Very similar to kallidin (which has the same sequence but with an additional N terminal lysine). Bradykinin is a very potent vasodilator and increases permeability of post capillary venules, it acts on endothelial cells to activ …

kallidin I
Synonym for bradykinin ... <protein> Vasoactive nonapeptide (RPPGFSPFR) formed by action of proteases on kininogens. Very similar to kallidin (which has the same sequence but with an additional N terminal lysine). Bradykinin is a very potent vasodilator and increases permeability of post capillary venules, it acts on endothelial cells to activ …

Kallikak
The pseudonym for a celebrated family with two lines of descendants, one of respectable citisens, the other of social misfits and criminals. ... See: Jukes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

kallikrein
<protein> Plasma serine proteases normally present as inactive prekallikreins which are activated by Hageman factor. Act on kininogens to produce kinins. Contain an apple domain. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

kallikrein system
A blood serum system, the activity of which is initiated by factor XII (Hageman factor) leading to the production of prekallikrein activator and then to kallikrein which, after activation by plasmin, splits bradykinin from kininogen. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Kallmann
Franz Josef, U.S. Medical geneticist and psychiatrist, 1897-1965. ... See: Kallmann's syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

kallmann syndrome
<syndrome> Congenital and familial disorder characterised by hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, eunuchoidal features, and anosmia or hyposmia. It is caused by a defect in the synthesis and/or release of lhrh (luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone; gonadorelin) from the hypothalamus as a result of faulty embryonic neuronal migration. The gene resp …

Kallmann's syndrome
Synonym for hypogonadism with anosmia ... Failure of sexual development secondary to inadequate secretion of pituitary gonadotropins, associated with anosmia due to agenesis of the olfactory lobes of the brain; probably X-linked inheritance. ... Synonym: Kallmann's syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

kaluresis
The increased urinary excretion of potassium. ... Synonym: kaliuresis. ... Origin: Mod. L. Kalium, potassium, + G. Ouresis, urination ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

kaluretic
Relating to, causing, or characterised by kaluresis. ... Synonym: kaliuretic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

kames
Mounds of poorly sorted glacial drift, mostly sand and gravel, deposited near the front of a glacier. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

kamichi
<ornithology> A curious South American bird (Anhima, or Palamedea, cornuta), often domesticated by the natives and kept with poultry, which it defends against birds of prey. It has a long, slender, hornlike ornament on its head, and two sharp spurs on each wing. Although its beak, feet, and legs resemble those of gallinaceous birds, it is rel …

kanamycin
<drug> Aminoglycoside antibiotic. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

kanamycin kinase
<enzyme> A class of enzymes that inactivate aminoglycoside-aminocyclitol antibiotics by regiospecific phosphorylation of the 3' and/or 5' hydroxyl. ... Chemical name: ATP:kanamycin 3'-O-phosphotransferase ... Registry number: EC 2.7.1.95 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

kanamycin nucleotidyltransferase
<enzyme> From plasmid pub110-carrying cells of b. Subtilis ... Registry number: EC 2.7.7.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

kanamycin resistance
Nonsusceptibility of bacteria to the antibiotic kanamycin, which can bind to their 70s ribosomes and cause misreading of messenger RNA. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

kanamycin sulfate
An aminoglycoside antibiotic substance derived from strains of Streptomyces kanamycetius; a thermostable, water-soluble, polybasic substance consisting of two amino sugars glycosidally linked to deoxystreptamine. The antibacterial activity in vitro is nearly identical with that of neomycin and kanamycin sulfate is active against many aerobic Gram-p …

Kandori, Fumio
<person> Japanese ophthalmologist, *1904. ... See: fleck retina of Kandori. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

kangaroo
<zoology> Any one of numerous species of jumping marsupials of the family Macropodidae. They inhabit Australia, new Guinea, and adjacent islands, They have long and strong hind legs and a large tail, while the fore legs are comparatively short and feeble. The giant kangaroo (Macropus major) is the largest species, sometimes becoming twelve or …

kangaroos
Herbivorous leaping mammals of Australia, new guinea, and adjacent islands. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

kangri burn carcinoma
kang cancer ...

kangri cancer
A carcinoma of the skin of the thigh or abdomen in certain Indian or Chinese workers; thought to result from irritation by heat from a hot brick oven (kang) or fire basket (kangri). ... Synonym: kangri burn carcinoma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Kanner, Leo
<person> Austrian psychiatrist in U.S., *1894. ... See: Kanner's syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Kanner's syndrome
Synonym for infantile autism ... A severe emotional disturbance of childhood characterised by qualitative impairment in reciprocal social interaction and in communication, language, and social development. ... Synonym: autistic disorder, childhood schizophrenia, early infantile autism, Kanner's syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

kanyemba
Synonym for chiufa ... An acute gangrenous proctitis and colitis with high fever, seen in southern Africa and South America at high altitudes; in women, the vulva and vagina may be affected. ... Synonym: kanyemba. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

kaodzera
A disease prevalent in Zimbabwe (formerly Rhodesia), similar to sleeping sickness, caused by Trypanosoma rhodesiense. ... See: Rhodesian trypanosomiasis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

kaolin
<chemical> The most common mineral of a group of hydrated aluminum silicates, approximately h2al2si2o8-h2o. It is prepared for pharmaceutical and medicinal purposes by levigating with water to remove sand, etc. The name is derived from kao-ling (chinese: 'high ridge'), the original site. ... Pharmacological action: antidiarrhoeals, pharmaceuti …

kaoline
<chemical> A very pure white clay, ordinarily in the form of an impalpable powder, and used to form the paste of porcelain; China clay; porcelain clay. It is chiefly derived from the decomposition of common feldspar. ... The name is now applied to all porcelain clays which endure the fire without discolouration. ... Origin: Chin. Kao-ling. ... S …

kaolinosis
Pneumonoconiosis caused by the inhalation of clay dust. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

kapnomar
capnomor ...

Kaposi sarcoma
<oncology, tumour> A sarcoma of spindle cells mixed with angiomatous tissue. A relatively rare malignant skin tumour that results in multifocal purplish coloured papules or plaques that eventually form nodules. Usually classed as an angioblastic tumour. ... Seen most commonly in patients who suffer from AIDS. Tumours may also occur within the …

kaposi varicelliform eruption
A generalised vesiculopustular eruption of viral origin, superimposed upon a preexisting atopic dermatitis. It may be caused by herpes simplex virus (herpes virus hominis) (eczema herpeticum) or vaccinia virus (eczema vaccinatum). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

kaposi's sarcoma
<oncology, tumour> A type of vascular cancer characterised by soft purple nodules that usually develop first on the feet and then slowly spread across the skin.This cancer is most often found in people with compromised immune systems, such as AIDS patients. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

kappa
1. The tenth letter in the Greek alphabet. ... 2. In chemistry, denotes the position of a substituent located on the tenth atom from the carboxyl or other functional group. ... 3. A measure of the degree of nonrandom agreement between observers or measurements of the same categorical variable. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

kappa angle
The angle between the pupillary axis and the visual axis; it is positive when the pupillary axis is nasal to the visual axis, and negative when the pupillary axis is temporal to the visual axis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

kappa chain
<protein> Either of two types of light chains (small polypeptide chains) that are found in immunoglobulins. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

kappa granule
Synonym for azurophil granule ... <cell biology> Primary lysosomal granules found in neutrophil granulocytes, contain a wide range of hydrolytic enzymes. ... Sometimes referred to as primary granules to distinguish them from the specific or secondary granules. ... (02 Jan 1998) ...

kappa particle
<microbiology> Gram-negative bacterial endosymbiont of Paramoecium spp., (Caedobacter taeniospiralis) that confers the killer trait, infected Paramoecium are resistant to the toxin liberated by infected forms. Killing activity is associated with the induction of defective phage in the endosymbiont, leading to the release of R bodies, coded fo …

kappa particles
Inheritable cytoplasmic symbionts, once thought to be particle's mainly or exclusively of DNA, occurring in some strains of Paramecium; capable of producing a product lethal to other strains. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

kappacism
Faulty pronunciation of the 'k' sound. ... Origin: G. Kappa, the letter kappa ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

karaya gum
<chemical> Polysaccharide gum from sterculia urens, an indian tree; it is used as suspending or stabilizing agent in foods, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals; also as bulk-forming laxative, surgical lubricant and adhesive and in the treatment of skin ulcers. ... Pharmacological action: cathartic, excipient, tissue adhesives. ... Chemical name: Kara …

Karl Landsteiner
Synonym for Landsteiner, Karl ... <person> This native of Vienna in 1900 discovered iso-agglutinins in human blood and then showed that blood had specific groups, which was responsible for the safety of giving blood transfusions. ... With Alexander Weiner, he discovered the Rh factor in human blood. Along with Poppen he proved that poliomyeliti …

Karmen unit
A formerly used enzyme unit for aminotransferase activity; a change of 0.001 in the absorbance of NADH/min. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Karmen, Albert
<person> U.S. Internist and clinical pathologist, *1930. ... See: Karmen unit. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

karnal blunt
A fungal wheat disease caused byTilletia indica. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

karnofsky performance score
A measure given by a physician to a patients ability to perform certain ordinary tasks: 100-normal, no complaints, 70-unable to carry on normal activity, 50-requires considerable assistance, 40 - disabled, 30 - hospitalisation recommended. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

karnofsky performance status
A performance measure for rating the ability of a person to perform usual activities, evaluating a patient's progress after a therapeutic procedure, and determining a patient's suitability for therapy. It is used most commonly in the prognosis of cancer therapy, usually after chemotherapy and customarily administered before and after therapy. It wa …

Karnofsky scale
A performance scale for rating a person's usual activities; used to evaluate a patient's progress after a therapeutic procedure. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Karnofsky score
A measure of the patients overall physical health, judged by their level of activity. ... (16 Dec 1997) ...

Karnofsky, D
<person> 20th century U.S. Physician. ... See: Karnofsky scale. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Kartagener syndrome
<radiology> Dysmotile cilia syndrome, situs inversus, sinusitis, bronchiectasis, deafness, infertility, defiency of dynein arms of cilia ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Kartagener, Manes
<person> Swiss physician, 1897-1975. ... See: Kartagener's syndrome, Kartagener's triad. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Kartagener's syndrome
<syndrome> The trio of sinusitis, bronchitis and situs inversus (lateral reversal of the position all organs in the chest and abdomen with the heart and stomach on the right, the liver on the left, etc. opposite or inverted from their usual position). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Kartagener's triad
Synonym for Kartagener's syndrome ... <syndrome> The trio of sinusitis, bronchitis and situs inversus (lateral reversal of the position all organs in the chest and abdomen with the heart and stomach on the right, the liver on the left, etc. opposite or inverted from their usual position). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

karyo-
Nucleus. ... Compare: nucleo-. ... Origin: G. Karyon, nucleus ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

karyochrome
A nerve cell body having little or no Nissl substance visible but a nucleus that stains intensely. ... Origin: karyo-+ G. Chroma, colour ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

karyochrome cell
Synonym for karyochrome ... A nerve cell body having little or no Nissl substance visible but a nucleus that stains intensely. ... Origin: karyo-+ G. Chroma, colour ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

karyoclasis
Synonym: karyorrhexis. ... Origin: karyo-+ G. Klasis, a breaking ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

karyocyte
General scientific term for any cell with a nucleus. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

karyoevolution
Evolutionary change in the chromosome set, expressed as changes in number and gross structure of the chromosomes, (more broadly), evolutionary relationships between taxa as indicated by karyotype differences. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

karyogamic
Relating to or marked by karyogamy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

karyogamy
The fusion of two nuclei. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

karyogenesis
Formation of the nucleus of a cell. ... Origin: karyo-+ G. Genesis, production ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

karyogenic
Relating to karyogenesis; forming the nucleus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

karyogonad
Synonym: micronucleus. ... Origin: karyo-+ G. Gone, generation, descent ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

karyogram
Synonym for karyotype ... <genetics> The complete set of chromosomes of a cell or organism. Used especially for the display prepared from photographs of mitotic chromosomes arranged in homologous pairs. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...