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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

Kjeldahl, Johan
<person> Danish chemist, 1849-1900. ... See: Kjeldahl apparatus, Kjeldahl method, macro-Kjeldahl method, micro-Kjeldahl method. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Kjelland, Christian
<person> Norwegian obstetrician, 1871-1941. ... See: Kjelland's forceps. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Kjelland's forceps
<instrument, obstetrics> An obstetrical forceps having a sliding lock, and little pelvic curve. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

KKIALRE kinase
<enzyme, molecular biology> Kkialre is the amino acid sequence corresponding to the pstaire region of p34 cdc2; has been sequenced ... Synonym: kkialre protein ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

KKIAMRE kinase
<enzyme> An epidermal growth factor-stimulated protein kinase; mw 56 kD; amino acid sequence given in first source ... Registry number: EC 2.7.10.- ... Synonym: p56 kkiamre ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

Klapp, Rudolph
<person> German surgeon, 1873-1949. ... See: Klapp's method. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Klapp's method
Treatment of scoliosis by a series of systematic crawling movements whereby the spine is bent laterally and made more flexible. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

klatskin tumour
<radiology> Tumour at junction of right and left intrahepatic bile ducts, slower growth than usual cholangiocarcinoma, late to metastasize ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

klatskin's tumour
Adenocarcinoma of the common hepatic duct bifurcation. These tumours are generally small, sharply localised, and seldom metastasizing. G. Klatskin's original review of 13 cases was published in 1965. Once thought to be relatively uncommon, tumours of the bifurcation of the bile duct now appear to comprise more than one-half of all bile duct cancers …

Klebs-Loeffler bacillus
Synonym for corynebacterium diphtheriae ... <bacteria> A species of gram-positive, asporogenous bacteria in which three cultural types are recognised. These types (gravis, intermedius, and mitis) were originally given in accordance with the clinical severity of the cases from which the different strains were most frequently isolated. This spec …

Klebs, Theodor Albrecht Edwin
<person> German physician, 1834-1913. ... See: Klebsiella, Klebs-Loeffler bacillus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Klebsiella
<bacteria> Genus of gram-negative bacteria, nonmotile and rod like, associated with respiratory, intestinal and urinogenital tracts of mammals. K. Pneumoniae associated with pneumonia in humans. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

klebsiella infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus klebsiella. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Klebsiella mobilis
Synonym for Enterobacter aerogenes ... A species found in water, soil, sewage, dairy products, and the faeces of man and other animals. Organisms previously identified as motile strains of Aerobacter aerogenes are now placed in this species. ... Synonym: Klebsiella mobilis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Klebsiella ozaenae
A species which occurs in cases of ozena and other chronic diseases of the respiratory tract. ... Synonym: Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. Ozaenae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

klebsiella pneumonia
<radiology> Acute, fulminating form, diabetics, alcoholics, chronic form, associated with underlying lung disease, unusual in infants and children (but may be epidemic), mortality about 50% (less in epidemic form), death often in 48 hours, XR findings: alveolar exudate most likely to be increased lung volume ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

klebsiella pneumoniae
Gram-negative, non-motile, capsulated, gas-producing rods found widely in nature and associated with urinary and respiratory infections in man. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Klebsiella pneumoniae ozaenae
Synonym for Klebsiella ozaenae ... A species which occurs in cases of ozena and other chronic diseases of the respiratory tract. ... Synonym: Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. Ozaenae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

klebsiella rhinoscleromatis
A gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium found consistently and exclusively in patients with rhinoscleroma and their contacts. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

kleeblattschadel
See: cloverleaf skull syndrome. ... Origin: Ger. Cloverleaf skull ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Kleffner syndrome
Synonym for landau-kleffner syndrome ... <syndrome> Acquired epileptic aphasia. The typical history is that of a child whose development is normal for several years and then, either suddenly or in a fluctuating manner, loses comprehension of speech and the ability to use speech to communicate. The seizures are of no specific type, and are most …

Kleihauer
More specifically see: Kleihauer's stain, Betke-Kleihauer test. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Kleihauer's stain
<technique> A combination of aniline blue and Biebrich scarlet red used for detection of foetal cells in the maternal blood. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Klein-Gumprecht shadow nuclei
Shadow nuclei in degenerating lymphoidocytes and macrolymphocytes in leukaemia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Klein, Edward
<person> Hungarian histologist, 1844-1925. ... See: Klein's muscle, Klein-Gumprecht shadow nuclei. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Klein's muscle
Synonym for cutaneomucous muscle ... <anatomy> The 'sucking muscle,' a labial muscle formed by sagittal fibres running from the skin to the mucous membrane. ... Synonym: Aeby's muscle, Bovero's muscle, compressor muscle of lips, Klein's muscle, Krause's muscle, mucocutaneous muscle, musculus cutaneomucosus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Kleine-Levin syndrome
<syndrome> A rare form of periodic hypersomnia associated with hyperphagia occurring in males 10 to 25 years old. ... It is characterised by periods of ravenous appetite alternating with prolonged sleep (as long as 18 hours), along with behavioural disturbances, impaired thought processes, and hallucinations. ... Acute illness or fatigue may pr …

Kleine, Willi
<person> 20th century German neuropsychiatrist. ... See: Kleine-Levin syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

kleinschmidt monolayer technique
<technique> A method for preparing DNA for study under an electron microscope, the DNA molecules are spread as a thin, positively charged protein film onwater. The film is then transferred to a copper viewing grid andplaced under the microscope. ... (17 Dec 1997) ...

Klenow fragment
<molecular biology> Larger part of the bacterial DNA polymerase I (76 kD) that remains after treatment with subtilisin, retains some but not all exonuclease and polymerase activity. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

kleptolagnia
Erotic feelings induced by stealing. ... Origin: G. Klepto, to steal, + lagneia, lust, coition ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

kleptoparasite
An organism that gets its food by scavenging or stealing it from anotherorganism that it lives in close association with. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

kleptophobia
<psychology> Morbid fear of stealing or of becoming a thief. ... Origin: G. Klepto, to steal, + phobos, fear ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Klestadt's cyst
Synonym for nasoalveolar cyst ... A soft tissue cyst located near the attachment of the ala over the maxilla; probably derived from the lower anterior part of the nasolacrimal duct. ... Synonym: Klestadt's cyst, nasolabial cyst. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Klinefelter
Harry F., Jr., U.S. Physician, *1912. ... See: Klinefelter's syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Klinefelter syndrome
<syndrome> A genetic syndrome observed in many mammals caused by the presence of an extra X chromosome in the male karyotype. ... The normal male is XY but in this disorder the chromosomal abnormality is XXY, and affects only males. Infertility is common. In humans, the infant appears normal at birth, but the defect usually becomes apparent in …

klinefelter's syndrome
<syndrome> A condition characterised by small testes with hyalinization of the seminiferous tubules, variable degrees of masculinization, azoospermia and infertility, and increased urinary excretion of gonadotropin. Patients tend to be tall, with long legs, and about half have gybecomastia. It is associated typically with an xxy chromosome co …

Klinger-Ludwig acid-thionin stain
<technique> For sex chromatin, a method using a preliminary acid treatment on buccal smears, prior to staining with buffered thionin, to differentiate Barr body. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

klinokinesis
<cell biology> Kinesis in which the frequency or magnitude of turning behaviour is altered. Bacterial chemotaxis can be considered as an adaptive klinokinesis, the probability of turning is a function of the change in concentration of the substance eliciting the response. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

Klippel
Maurice, French neurologist, 1858-1942. ... See: Klippel-Feil syndrome, Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

klippel-feil syndrome
<syndrome> Fused vertebrae, especially cervical spine (C3-C4), elevation of scapula (Sprengel deformity), omocervical bones, GU abnormalities (66%), renal agenesis (33%), deafness (33%) ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome
<syndrome> A congenital malformation syndrome characterised by the triad of asymmetric limb hypertrophy, haemangiomata, and nevi. Asymmetric limb hypertrophy is enlargement of one limb and not the corresponding limb on the other side, the enlarged limb being 3 times more likely to be a leg than an arm in ktw; and the limb enlargement is of bo …

Klumpke palsy
A type of brachial birth palsy in which there is paralysis of the muscles of the distal forearm and hand (all ulnar innervated muscles, plus more distal radial and median-innervated muscles), due to a lesion of the lower trunk of the brachial plexus, or of the C8 and T1 cervical roots. ... Synonym: Dejerine-Klumpke palsy, Dejerine-Klumpke syndrome, …

Klumpke's paralysis
Synonym for Klumpke palsy ... A type of brachial birth palsy in which there is paralysis of the muscles of the distal forearm and hand (all ulnar innervated muscles, plus more distal radial and median-innervated muscles), due to a lesion of the lower trunk of the brachial plexus, or of the C8 and T1 cervical roots. ... Synonym: Dejerine-Klumpke palsy …

Kluver
Heinrich, German-born U.S. Neurologist, *1897. ... See: Kluver-Barrera Luxol {fast blue stain}, Kluver-Bucy syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Kluver-Bucy syndrome
<syndrome> A syndrome characterised by psychic blindness or hyperreactivity to visual stimuli, increased oral and sexual activity, and depressed drive and emotional reactions; reported in monkeys after bilateral temporal lobe ablation, but rarely reported in humans. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

kluyveromyces
An ascomycetous yeast of the fungal family saccharomycetaceae, order endomycetales. This genus is used in the study of genetic transformation and transcription. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Km
<chemistry> A kinetic parameter used to characterise an enzyme, defined as the concentration of substrate that permits half maximal rate of reaction. ... An analogous constant Ka is used to describe binding reactions, in which case it is the concentration at which half the receptors are occupied. ... (17 Dec 1997) ...

Km allotypes
Refers to human kappa immunoglobulin light chains that express different Km allotypic determinants (antigens). ... Synonym: InV allotypes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Km antigen
Allotypic antigens that are present on human kappa immunoglobulin light chains. ... Synonym: InV group antigen. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

km fibres
<cell biology> Bundles of microtubules running longitudinally below and to one side of the bases of cilia in a kinety. ... (17 Dec 1997) ...

Knapp
Herman J., U.S. Ophthalmologist, 1832-1911. ... See: Knapp's streaks, Knapp's striae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Knapp's streaks
Synonym for angioid streaks ... Tiny breaks in the elastin-filled tissue in the back of the eye (retinae). These abnormalities are visible to the doctor during an examination using a viewing instrument called an ophthalmoscope. Angioid streaks are seen in patients with pseudoxanthoma elasticum (abbreviated PXE), a rare disorder of degeneration of th …

Knapp's striae
Synonym for angioid streaks ... Tiny breaks in the elastin-filled tissue in the back of the eye (retinae). These abnormalities are visible to the doctor during an examination using a viewing instrument called an ophthalmoscope. Angioid streaks are seen in patients with pseudoxanthoma elasticum (abbreviated PXE), a rare disorder of degeneration of th …

Knaus
Hermann, Austrian gynecologist, *1892. ... See: Ogino-Knaus rule. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

knave
1. A boy; especially, a boy servant. 'O murderous slumber, Lay'st thou thy leaden mace upon my boy That plays thee music ? Gentle knave, good night.' (Shak) ... 2. Any male servant; a menial. 'He's but Fortune's knave, A minister of her will.' (Shak) ... 3. A tricky, deceitful fellow; a dishonest person; a rogue; a villain. 'A pair of crafty knaves.' …

knead
1. To work and press into a mass, usually with the hands; especially, to work, as by repeated pressure with the knuckles, into a well mixed mass, as the materials of bread, cake, etc.; as, to knead dough. 'The kneading, the making of the cake, the heating of the oven, and the baking.' (Shak) ... 2. To treat or form as by kneading; to beat. 'I will k …

knee
1. In man, the joint in the middle part of the leg. ... 2. <anatomy> The joint, or region of the joint, between the thigh and leg. In the horse and allied animals, the carpal joint, corresponding to the wrist in man. ... 3. <mechanics> A piece of timber or metal formed with an angle somewhat in the shape of the human knee when bent. ... 4. …

knee arthroplasty
<orthopaedics, procedure> Surgery involving the replacement of the knee joint with artificial components which reestablishes normal joint function. ... Indicated in cases of severe knee fracture or degenerative arthritis (DJD) unresponsive to medical therapy. ... (17 Dec 1997) ...

knee bursitis
A bursa is a fluid-filled sac that functions as a gliding surface to reduce friction between moving tissues of the body. There are three major bursae of the knee. Bursitis is usually not infectious, but the bursa can become infected. Treatment of non-infectious bursitis includes rest, ice, and medications for inflammation and pain. Infectious bursi …

knee cap dislocation
<orthopaedics> A dislocation of the knee cap most often occurs with the knee cap moving laterally (toward the outer aspect of the leg). ... Features include a partially flexed knee joint with obvious displacement of the knee cap laterally. Reduction is accomplished with knee joint extension and gently coaxing the knee cap back to the midline.< …

knee injuries
Injuries to the knee or the knee joint. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

knee jerk
The reflex tested by tapping just below the bent knee on the patellar tendon to cause the quadriceps muscle to contract and bring the lower leg forward. It has given rise to the saying: a knee-jerk reaction. Also known medically as the patellar reflex. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

knee joint
A compound condylar synovial joint consisting of the joint between the condyles of the femur and the condyles of the tibia, articular menisci (semilunar cartilages) being interposed, and the articulation between femur and patella. ... Synonym: articulatio genus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

knee phenomenon
Synonym for patellar reflex ... A sudden contraction of the anterior muscles of the thigh, caused by a smart tap on the patellar tendon while the leg hangs loosely at a right angle with the thigh. ... Synonym: knee jerk, knee phenomenon, knee reflex, knee-jerk reflex, patellar tendon reflex, quadriceps reflex. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

knee prosthesis
Replacement for a knee joint. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

knee reflex
Synonym for patellar reflex ... A sudden contraction of the anterior muscles of the thigh, caused by a smart tap on the patellar tendon while the leg hangs loosely at a right angle with the thigh. ... Synonym: knee jerk, knee phenomenon, knee reflex, knee-jerk reflex, patellar tendon reflex, quadriceps reflex. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

knee sprain
<orthopaedics> Any injury to one of six different ligaments which stabilise the knee joint. ... Those ligaments include: medial and lateral collaterals, medial and lateral meniscus and the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments. Knee sprains are characterised by knee pain, swelling and tenderness with range of motion. ... Severe sprains may …

knee-chest position
A prone posture resting on the knees and upper part of the chest, assumed for gynecologic or rectal examination. ... Synonym: genupectoral position. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

knee-elbow position
A prone position resting on the knees and elbows, assumed for gynecologic or rectal examination or operation. ... Synonym: genucubital position. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

knee-jerk reflex
Synonym for patellar reflex ... A sudden contraction of the anterior muscles of the thigh, caused by a smart tap on the patellar tendon while the leg hangs loosely at a right angle with the thigh. ... Synonym: knee jerk, knee phenomenon, knee reflex, knee-jerk reflex, patellar tendon reflex, quadriceps reflex. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Knemidokoptes
A genus of microscopic burrowing sarcoptid mites that infect fowl and caged birds; species include Knemidokoptes laevis var. Gallinae, the depluming mite, and Knemidokoptes mutans, the scaly leg mite. ... Origin: G. Kneme, leg, + kopto, to cut ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

KNF model
<abbreviation> Koshland-Nemethy-Filmer model. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Kniest
Wilhelm, 20th century German paediatrician. ... See: Kniest syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Kniest syndrome
<syndrome> A type of metatropic dwarfism with short limbs, round face with central depression, enlargement and stiffness of joints, contracture of fingers, and often cleft palate, scoliosis, retinal detachment and myopia, and deafness; autosomal dominant inheritance. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

knife
Origin: OE. Knif, AS. Cnif; akin to D. Knijf, Icel. Knifr, Sw. Knif, Dan. Kniv. ... 1. An instrument consisting of a thin blade, usually of steel and having a sharp edge for cutting, fastened to a handle, but of many different forms and names for different uses; as, table knife, drawing knife, putty knife, pallet knife, pocketknife, penknife, choppi …

knife needle
A very narrow, needle-pointed knife used in discission of a cataract. ... Synonym: cataract needle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

knife-rest crystal
A crystal of ammoniomagnesium phosphate found in alkaline urine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

knight
1. A young servant or follower; a military attendant. ... 2. In feudal times, a man-at-arms serving on horseback and admitted to a certain military rank with special ceremonies, including an oath to protect the distressed, maintain the right, and live a stainless life. One on whom knighthood, a dignity next below that of baronet, is conferred by the …

knismogenic
Causing a tickling sensation. ... Origin: G. Knismos, tickling, + -gen, production ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

knismolagnia
Sexual gratification from the act of tickling. ... Origin: G. Knismos, tickling, + lagneia, lust ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

knit
1. To form into a knot, or into knots; to tie together, as cord; to fasten by tying. 'A great sheet knit at the four corners.' (Acts x. 11) 'When your head did but ache, I knit my handkercher about your brows.' (Shak) ... 2. To form, as a textile fabric, by the interlacing of yarn or thread in a series of connected loops, by means of needles, either …

knitting
Nonmedical term denoting the process of union of the fragments of a broken bone or of the edges of a wound. ... Origin: M.E., knitten, to knot, fr. A.S. Cnyttan ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

knob
A protuberance; a mass; a nodule. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

knock
1. Colloquialism for a blow, especially a blow to the head. ... 2. A sound simulating that of a blow or rap. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

knock-knees
In medicalese: there are no knock-knees. The condition is genu valgum. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

knock-out drops
A popular name for chloral alcoholate given with criminal intent to produce unconsciousness rapidly; it is formed by adding chloral hydrate to beer or some stronger alcoholic liquor. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

knockout
<genetics, molecular biology> Informal term for the generation of a mutant organism in which the function of a particular gene has been completely eliminated (a null allele). ... See: homologous recombination, transposon. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

Knoll
Philipp, Bohemian physiologist, 1841-1900. ... See: Knoll's glands. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Knoll's glands
Gland's in the ventricular folds of the larynx (false vocal cords). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Knoop
Hedwig, German physician, *1908. ... See: Knoop's theory. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Knoop hardness number
A number obtained by dividing the load in kg applied to a pyramid-shaped diamond of specific size divided by the projected area of the impression: KHN = L/A, where A= the projected area of the impression in mm2 and L= the load in kg; used for measurements of hardness of any materials, especially very hard and brittle substances such as tooth dentin …

Knoop's theory
That the catabolism of fatty acids occurs in stages in each of which there is a loss of two carbon atoms as a result of oxidation at the beta-carbon atom, e.g. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

knop
1. A knob; a bud; a bunch; a button. 'Four bowls made like unto almonds, with their knops and their flowers.' (Ex. Xxv. 21) ... 2. Any boldly projecting sculptured ornament; especially, the ornamental termination of a pinnacle, and then synonymous with finial; called also knob, and knosp. ... <botany> Knop sedge, the bur reed (Sparganium); so c …

knot
1. To form knots or joints, as in a cord, a plant, etc.; to become entangled. 'Cut hay when it begins to knot.' (Mortimer) ... 2. To knit knots for fringe or trimming. ... 3. To copulate; said of toads. ... 1. A fastening together of the pars or ends of one or more threads, cords, ropes, etc, by any one of various ways of tying or entangling. A lump o …

knotgrass
<botany> A common weed with jointed stems (Polygonum aviculare); knotweed. ... The dog grass. See Dog. ... An infusion of Polygonum aviculare was once supposed to have the effect of stopping the growth of an animal, and hence it was called, as by Shakespeare, 'hindering knotgrass.' 'We want a boy extremely for this function, Kept under for a ye …

knotted
1. Full of knots; having knots knurled; as, a knotted cord; the knotted oak. ... 2. Interwoven; matted; entangled. 'Make . . . Thy knotted and combined locks to part.' (Shak) ... 3. Having intersecting lines or figures. 'The west corner of thy curious knotted garden.' (Shak) ... 4. <geology> Characterised by small, detached points, chiefly compo …

know
1. To perceive or apprehend clearly and certainly; to understand; to have full information of; as, to know one's duty. 'O, that a man might know The end of this day's business ere it come!' (Shak) 'There is a certainty in the proposition, and we know it.' (Dryden) 'Know how sublime a thing it is To suffer and be strong.' (Longfellow) ... 2. To be co …

knowledge
1. The act or state of knowing; clear perception of fact, truth, or duty; certain apprehension; familiar cognizance; cognition. 'Knowledge, which is the highest degree of the speculative faculties, consists in the perception of the truth of affirmative or negative propositions.' (Locke) ... 2. That which is or may be known; the object of an act of k …

knowledge of results
<psychology> The hypothesis that learning is facilitated when the learner is informed at each step about the progress he is making in his learning. ... It hypothesises also that learning is facilitated when the learner is promptly informed whether a particular response is correct, and if incorrect, of the direction of error. The two usages ref …