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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

Lactobacillus coprophilus
Former name for Lactobacillus confusus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Lactobacillus coryniformis
A species found primarily in silage but also in cow dung and dairy barn air. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Lactobacillus crispatus
A species found in pus from a dental abscess. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Lactobacillus curvatus
A species found in cow dung, dairy barn air, silage, milk, and in a case of endocarditis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Lactobacillus delbrueckii
A species found in fermenting vegetables and grain mashes; it is the type species of the genus Lactobacillus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Lactobacillus fermentum
A species found widely distributed in nature, especially in fermenting plant and animal products. Also found in the mouth of human beings. ... Synonym: Lactobacillus cellobiosus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Lactobacillus fructivorans
A species isolated from spoiled mayonnaise and salad dressings. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Lactobacillus helveticus
A species found in sour milk and Swiss cheese. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Lactobacillus heterohiochi
A species found in spoiled sake. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Lactobacillus hilgardii
A species isolated from California table wines. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Lactobacillus homohiochii
A species found in spoiled sake. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Lactobacillus jensenii
A species isolated from human sources such as vaginal discharge and blood clot. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Lactobacillus lactis
A species found in milk and cheese; not pathogenic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Lactobacillus leichmannii
A species found in dairy and plant products. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Lactobacillus plantarum
A species found in dairy products and environments, fermenting plants, silage, sauerkraut, pickled vegetables, spoiled tomato products, sour dough, cow dung, and the human mouth, intestinal tract, and stools. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Lactobacillus salivarius
A species found in the mouth and intestinal tract of the hamster, the mouth of humans, and the intestinal tract of the hen. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Lactobacillus trichodes
A species found in wines containing 20% ethanol and in lees in California, Australia, France, and Spain; in California this organism is commonly referred to as the hair bacillus, cottony bacillus, cottony mold, or Fresno mold. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Lactobacillus viridescens
A species found in discolored cured meat products such as sausage and bologna. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lactobutyrometer
A type of lactocrit. ... Origin: Lacto-+ G. Boutyron, butter, + metron, measure ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lactocele
Synonym: galactocele. ... Origin: Lacto-+ G. Kele, tumour ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lactochrome
Synonym for lactoflavin ... 1. The flavin in milk. ... Synonym: lactochrome. ... Synonym: riboflavin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lactococcal lysine aminopeptidase
<enzyme> Amino acid sequence given in first source ... Registry number: EC 3.4.11.- ... Synonym: lysine aminopeptidase, lactococcus ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

lactococcus
A genus of gram-positive, coccoid bacteria mainly isolated from milk and milk products. These bacteria are also found in plants and nonsterile frozen and dry foods. Previously thought to be a member of the genus streptococcus (group n), it is now recognised as a separate genus. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

lactococcus lactis
A non-pathogenic lactococcus found in dairy products and responsible for the souring of milk. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

lactocrit
An instrument used to estimate the amount of butterfat in milk. ... Origin: Lacto-+ G. Krino, to separate ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lactodensimeter
A type of galactometer. ... Origin: Lacto-+ L. Densus, thick, + G. Metron, measure ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lactoferrin
<protein> Iron binding protein of very high affinity (Kd 10exp 19 at pH 6.4, 26 fold greater than that of transferrin) found in milk and in the specific granules of neutrophil leucocytes. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

lactoflavin
1. The flavin in milk. ... Synonym: lactochrome. ... Synonym: riboflavin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lactogen
An agent that stimulates milk production or secretion. ... Origin: Lacto-+ G. -gen, producing ... Human placental lactogen (HPL), lactogen isolated from human placentas and structurally similar to somatotropin; its biological activity weakly mimics that of somatotropin and prolactin; secreted into maternal circulation; a deficiency of HPL during preg …

lactogenesis
Milk production. ... Origin: Lacto-+ G. Genesis, production ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lactogenic
Pertaining to lactogenesis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lactogenic factor
Synonym for prolactin ... <protein> Pituitary lactogenic hormone (23 kD) Synthesised on endoplasmic reticulum bound ribosomes as preprolactin that has an N terminal signal peptide that is cleaved from the mature form. The conversion of preprolactin to prolactin has been much used as an assay for membrane insertion. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

lactogenic hormone
Synonym for prolactin ... <protein> Pituitary lactogenic hormone (23 kD) Synthesised on endoplasmic reticulum bound ribosomes as preprolactin that has an N terminal signal peptide that is cleaved from the mature form. The conversion of preprolactin to prolactin has been much used as an assay for membrane insertion. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

lactoglobulin
The globulin present in milk, comprising 50 to 60% of bovine whey protein. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lactoglobulins
Globulins occurring in milk. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

lactometer
Synonym: galactometer. ... Origin: Lacto-+ G. Metron, measure ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lactonase
Synonym for gluconolactonase ... <enzyme> Aldonolactonase (formerly EC 3.1.1.18) was combined with this ... Registry number: EC 3.1.1.17 ... Synonym: aldonolactonase, gulonolactone hydrolase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

lactoperoxidase
<enzyme> Peroxidase enzyme from milk that finds an important use in generating active iodine as a nonpermeant radiolabel for membrane proteins. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

lactorrhoea
Synonym: galactorrhoea. ... Origin: Lacto-+ G. Rhoia, a flow ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lactose
The major sugar in human and bovine milk. Conversion of lactose to lactic acid by Lactobacilli etc. Is important in the production of yoghurt and cheese. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

lactose carrier protein
<protein> The best known example is the product of the lacY gene, coded for in the lactose operon and responsible for the uptake of lactose by E. Coli. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

lactose factors
Plasmids which determine the ability of a bacterium to ferment lactose. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

lactose intolerance
A disorder characterised by abdominal cramps and diarrhoea after the consumption of food containing lactose (for example milk, ice cream), believed to occur due to a deficiency of intestinal lactase (enzyme that breaks down lactose), may appear first in young adults who have previously tolerated milk well as infants. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

lactose operon
Group of adjacent and coordinately controlled genes concerned with the metabolism of lactose in E. Coli. The lac operon was the first example of a group of genes under the control of an operator region to which a lactose repressor binds. When the bacteria are transferred to lactose containing medium, allolactose (which forms by transglycosylation w …

lactose permease
<chemical> ... Chemical name: permease, lactose ... Synonym: lactose carrier protein, lactose permease m protein, lac permease, lactose transport protein, lactose transport system, lac carrier protein, lacs protein, lactose transport system, streptococcus thermophilus, lacy protein ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

lactose repressor
Protein (tetramer of 37 kD subunits) that normally binds with very high affinity to the operator region of the lactose operon and inhibits transcription of the downstream genes by blocking access of the polymerase to the promoter region. When the lactose repressor binds allolactose, its binding to the operator is reduced and the gene set is derepre …

lactose synthase
<enzyme> An enzyme of the transferase class that catalyses the transfer of galactose from udpgalactose to glucose, forming lactose. The enzyme is a complex of the enzyme n-acetyllactosamine synthase and alpha-lactalbumin; the latter protein is present in lactating mammary gland cells where it alters the usual specificity of the former to make …

lactose-litmus agar
Agar made by adding 2% lactose and litmus to acid-free nutrient agar; formerly used in the identification of Salmonella typhi. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lactosuria
Excretion of lactose (milk sugar) in the urine; a common finding during pregnancy and lactation, and in the newborn, especially premature babies. ... Origin: Lactose + G. Ouron, urine, + -ia ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lactosylceramidase
<enzyme> Ceramide-glc-gal and h2o gives cer-glc and galactose; deficiency gives lactosylceramidosis; see also lactosylceramidase II which acts gm(1) ganglioside ... Registry number: EC 3.2.1.- ... Synonym: lactosylceramide galactosyl hydrolase, lactosylceramidase i ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

lactosylceramides
Glycosphingolipids which contain as their polar head group a lactose moiety bound in glycosidic linkage to the hydroxyl group of ceramide. Their accumulation in tissue, due to a defect in lactosylceramide beta-galactosidase, is the cause of lactosylceramidosis. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

lactotherapy
Synonym for galactotherapy ... Treatment of disease by means of an exclusive or nearly exclusive milk diet. ... Synonym: lactotherapy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lactotropin
Synonym for prolactin ... <protein> Pituitary lactogenic hormone (23 kD) Synthesised on endoplasmic reticulum bound ribosomes as preprolactin that has an N terminal signal peptide that is cleaved from the mature form. The conversion of preprolactin to prolactin has been much used as an assay for membrane insertion. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

lactovegetarian
One who lives on a mixed diet of milk and milk products, eggs, and vegetables, but eschews meat. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lactoylglutathione lyase
<enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the interconversion of methylglyoxal and lactate, with glutathione serving as a coenzyme. ... Chemical name: S-Lactoyl-glutathione methylglyoxal-lyase (isomerizing) ... Registry number: EC 4.4.1.5 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

lactulose
<chemical> A synthetic disaccharide used in the treatment of constipation and hepatic encephalopathy. It has also been used in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal disorders. ... Pharmacological action: cathartic, gastrointestinal agents. ... Chemical name: D-Fructose, 4-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

lacuna
Small cavity or depression, for example: the space in bone where an osteoblast is found. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

lacuna cerebri
Synonym for cerebral lacuna ... A small circumscribed loss of brain tissue caused by occlusion of one of the small penetrating arteries. ... Synonym: lacuna cerebri. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lacuna magna
A recess on the roof of the fossa navicularis of the penis, formed by a fold of mucous membrane, the valve of the navicular fossa. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lacuna musculorum
Synonym for muscular lacuna ... The lateral compartment beneath the inguinal (Poupart's) ligament, for the passage of the iliopsoas muscle and femoral nerve; it is separated by the iliopectineal arch from the vascular lacuna. ... Synonym: lacuna musculorum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lacuna pharyngis
A depression near the pharyngeal opening of the auditory (eustachian) tube. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lacuna urethralis
Synonym for urethral lacuna ... One of a number of little recesses in the mucous membrane of the spongy urethra into which empty the ducts of the urethral glands. ... Synonym: lacuna urethralis, Morgagni's lacuna. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lacuna vasorum
Synonym for vascular lacuna ... <anatomy> The medial compartment beneath the inguinal ligament, for the passage to the femoral vessels; it is separated from the muscular lacuna by the iliopectineal arch. ... Synonym: lacuna vasorum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lacunae laterales
Synonym for lateral venous lacunae ... Lateral expansions of the superior sagittal sinus of the dura mater, often increasing in width with advancing age until, in the very old, they may extend two centimeters lateral to the midline; the endothelium-lined lumen of the lacunae are usually reduced to a spongelike labyrinth by numerous arachnoid granula …

lacunar
Relating to a lacuna. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lacunar abscess
An abscess involving the urethral lacunae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lacunar amnesia
Amnesia in reference to isolated events. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lacunar ligament
<anatomy> A curved fibrous band that passes horizontally backward from the medial end of the inguinal ligament to the pectineal line; it forms the medial boundary of the femoral ring. ... See: aponeurosis of external abdominal oblique muscle. ... Synonym: ligamentum lacunare, Gimbernat's ligament. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lacunar skull
<radiology> Also known as: craniolacunia, mesenchymal dysplasia, may appear normal after several yrs associated with: Chiari malformation (almost always !), myelomeningocele, encephalocele in contrast, increased intracranial pressure has: beaten-silver appearance, closed sutures, with or without abnormal skull size ... (Lueckenschaedel) ... (12 …

lacunar state
The presence of lacunes in the brain. One of the major factors underlying cerebrovascular disease; high correlation with hypertension and atherosclerosis. Symptomatic forms include pure motor hemiplegia and pure hemisensory syndrome; multiple lacunar infarcts are the most common cause of pseudobulbar palsy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lacunar tonsillitis
Inflammation of the mucous membrane lining the tonsillar crypts. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lacunate
With air spaces or chambers in the midst of tissue. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

lacunule
A very small lacuna. ... Origin: Mod. L. Lacunula, dim. Of L. Lacuna ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lacus
A small collection of fluid. ... Synonym: lake. ... Origin: L. Lake ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lacus lacrimalis
Synonym for lacrimal lake ... The small cistern-like area of the conjunctiva at the medial angle of the eye, in which the tears collect after bathing the anterior surface of the eyeball and the conjunctival sac. ... Synonym: lacus lacrimalis, lacrimal bay. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lacus seminalis
The vault of the vagina after insemination. ... Synonym: seminal lake. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lacustrine
Of or having to do with a lake, of, relating to, or formed in lakes, growing or living in lakes, of or relating to dwellings built on piles in lakes (for example, prehistoric central Europe, Scotland, and Ireland). ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

Ladd
William E., U.S. Paediatric surgeon, 1880-1967. ... See: Ladd's band, Ladd's operation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Ladd-Franklin
Christine, U.S. Psychologist, 1847-1930. ... See: Ladd-Franklin theory. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Ladd-Franklin theory
Synonym for molecular dissociation theory ... A theory, pertaining to colour vision, that gray is the earliest of colour sensations, from which are derived, by molecular change, two paired substances that, respectively, detect yellow and blue, and that the yellow gives rise to paired substances for detection of red and green. ... Synonym: Ladd-Frankl …

Ladd's band
A peritoneal attachment of an incompletely rotated caecum, causing obstruction of the duodenum, found in malrotation of the intestine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Ladd's operation
Division of Ladd's band to relieve duodenal obstruction in malrotation of the intestine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ladder
1. A frame usually portable, of wood, metal, or rope, for ascent and descent, consisting of two side pieces to which are fastened cross strips or rounds forming steps. 'Some the engines play, And some, more bold, mount ladders to the fire.' (Dryden) ... 2. That which resembles a ladder in form or use; hence, that by means of which one attains to emi …

ladder splint
A flexible splint consisting of two stout parallel wires with finer cross wires. ... Synonym: Cramer wire splint. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

laddering
Apoptotic cells show a regular pattern of oligonucleotide sizes on electrophoretic gels, the ladder like arrangement is a consequence of the cleavage of the DNA strand between nucleosome beads by endonucleases as part of the process by which cell death occurs. ... See: apoptosis. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

ladle
1. A cuplike spoon, often of large size, with a long handle, used in lading or dipping. 'When the materials of glass have been kept long in fusion, the mixture casts up the superfluous salt, which the workmen take off with ladles.' (Boyle) ... 2. A vessel to carry liquid metal from the furnace to the mold. ... 3. The float of a mill wheel; called als …

lady
Origin: OE. Ladi, laefdi, AS. Hlfdige, hlfdie; AS. Hlaf loaf + a root of uncertain origin, possibly akin to E. Dairy. See Loaf, and cf. Lord. ... 1. A woman who looks after the domestic affairs of a family; a mistress; the female head of a household. 'Agar, the handmaiden of Sara, whence comest thou, and whither goest thou? The which answered, Fro t …

ladybird
<zoology> Any one of numerous species of small beetles of the genus Coccinella and allied genera (family Coccinellidae); called also ladybug, ladyclock, lady cow, lady fly, and lady beetle. Coccinella seplempunctata in one of the common European species. See Coccinella. ... The ladybirds are usually more or less hemispherical in form, with a s …

Laelaps echidninus
The spiny rat mite, a common worldwide ectoparasite of the wild Norway rat and occasionally found on the house mouse, cotton rat, and other rodents; it is the natural vector of Hepatozoon muris and can transmit the agent of tularaemia experimentally. Junin virus has been isolated from this species in South America. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

laemic
Relating to plague or any epidemic disease. ... Origin: G. Loimos, plague ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Laennec, Rene
<person> French physician, 1781-1826. ... See: Laennec's cirrhosis, Laennec's pearls. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Laennec's cirrhosis
Alcoholic cirrhosis is a condition of irreversible liver disease due to the chronic inflammatory and toxic effects of ethanol on the liver. In cirrhosis, the liver cells are replaced by fibrous scar tissue. Fibrosis leads to the development of portal hypertension. The development of cirrhosis is directly related to the duration and quantity of alco …

Laennec's pearls
An obsolete term for small, round, translucent, tenacious bodies in the sputum of some persons with asthma; when floated in water, they become unfurled and are then recognizable as Curschmann's spirals. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

LAER
See Lowest achievable emission rate. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

laetrile
A chemical derived from the almond seeds, papaya seeds thought by many alternative practitioners to have anti-cancer properties. It is also called amydalin. This is officially banned in the USA but samples are often smuggled into or manufactured in neighbouring countries where control on usage is far less strict. ... (16 Dec 1997) ...

Lafora body
An intraneural intracytoplasmic inclusion body composed of acid mucopolysaccharides, seen in familial myoclonus epilepsy; a recessive trait. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Lafora body disease
A form of progressive myoclonus epilepsy beginning from age 6 to 19; characterised by generalised tonic-clonic seizures, resting and action myoclonus, ataxia, dementia, and classic EEG findings, including polyspike and wave discharges; basophilic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies present in portions of the brain, the liver, and skin, as well as the duct …

Lafora, Gonzalo Rodriguez
<person> Spanish neurologist, 1887-1971. ... See: Lafora body, Lafora body disease, Lafora's disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Lafora's disease
Synonym for Lafora body disease ... A form of progressive myoclonus epilepsy beginning from age 6 to 19; characterised by generalised tonic-clonic seizures, resting and action myoclonus, ataxia, dementia, and classic EEG findings, including polyspike and wave discharges; basophilic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies present in portions of the brain, the l …

lag
1. One who lags; that which comes in last. 'The lag of all the flock.' ... 2. The fag-end; the rump; hence, the lowest class. 'The common lag of people.' (Shak) ... 3. The amount of retardation of anything, as of a valve in a steam engine, in opening or closing. ... 4. A stave of a cask, drum, etc. ... <machinery> Especially, one of the narrow bo …