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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

lacrimal calculus
Synonym for dacryolith ... A concretion in the lacrimal apparatus. ... Synonym: lacrimal calculus, ophthalmolith, tear stone. ... Origin: dacryo-+ G. Lithos, stone ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lacrimal canaliculus
A curved canal beginning at the lacrimal punctum in the margin of each eyelid near the medial commissure and running transversely medially to empty with its fellow into the lacrimal sac. ... Synonym: canaliculus lacrimalis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lacrimal caruncle
A small reddish body at the medial angle of the eye, containing modified sebaceous and sweat glands. ... Synonym: caruncula lacrimalis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lacrimal conjunctivitis
An obsolete term for a secondary conjunctivitis due to canaliculitis or dacryocystitis. ... Synonym: reflux conjunctivitis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lacrimal duct obstruction
Interference with the secretion of tears by the lacrimal glands. Obstruction of the lacrimal sac or nasolacrimal duct causing acute or chronic inflammation of the lacrimal sac (dacryocystitis). It is caused also in infants by failure of the nasolacrimal duct to open into the inferior meatus and occurs about the third week of life. In adults occlusi …

lacrimal fascia
That part of the periorbita that bridges across the fossa or lacrimal sac. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lacrimal fistula
An abnormal opening into a tear duct or the lacrimal sac. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lacrimal fold
A fold of mucous membrane guarding the lower opening of the nasolacrimal duct. ... Synonym: plica lacrimalis, Bianchi's valve, Hasner's fold, Hasner's valve, Huschke's valve, Rosenmuller's valve. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lacrimal fossa
A hollow in the orbital plate of the frontal bone, formed by the overhanging margin and zygomatic process, lodging the lacrimal gland. ... Synonym: fossa glandulae lacrimalis, fossa of lacrimal gland. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lacrimal gland enlargement
<radiology> Epithelial tumours (50%), benign adenoma (25%), carcinoma (25%); adenocystic carcinoma most common, lymphoid lesions (50%), lymphoma, benign lymphoid hyperplasia, pseudotumour, Sjogren syndrome, Mikulicz's, dermoid, metastasis ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

lacrimal groove
The groove in the nasal surface of the maxilla which, together with the lacrimal bone, forms the fossa for the lacrimal sac. ... Synonym: sulcus lacrimalis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lacrimal hamulus
The hooklike lower end of the lacrimal crest, curving between the frontal process and orbital surface of the maxilla to form the upper aperture of the bony portion of the nasolacrimal canal. ... Synonym: hamulus lacrimalis, hamular process of lacrimal bone. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lacrimal lake
The small cistern-like area of the conjunctiva at the medial angle of the eye, in which the tears collect after bathing the anterior surface of the eyeball and the conjunctival sac. ... Synonym: lacus lacrimalis, lacrimal bay. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lacrimal margin of maxilla
Synonym for lacrimal border of maxilla ... The margin of the nasal surface of the maxilla that articulates with the lacrimal bone. ... Synonym: margo lacrimalis maxillae, lacrimal margin of maxilla. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lacrimal nerve
<anatomy, nerve> A branch of the ophthalmic nerve supplying sensory fibres to the lateral part of the upper eyelid, conjunctiva, and lacrimal gland. The secretomotor fibres of the latter were conveyed to the lacrimal nerve by the communicating branch of the zygomatic nerve (a branch of the maxillary nerve). ... Synonym: nervus lacrimalis. ... ( …

lacrimal notch
The notch on the frontal process of the maxilla into which the lacrimal bone fits. ... Synonym: incisura lacrimalis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lacrimal opening
Synonym for lacrimal punctum ... The minute circular opening of the lacrimal canaliculus, on the margin of each eyelid near the medial commissure. ... Synonym: punctum lacrimale, lacrimal opening. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lacrimal papilla
A slight projection from the margin of each eyelid near the medial commisure, in the centre of which is the lacrimal punctum (opening of the lacrimal duct). ... Synonym: papilla lacrimalis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lacrimal process
A projection from the anterior edge of the inferior concha which articulates with the lower border of the lacrimal bone. ... Synonym: processus lacrimalis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lacrimal punctum
The minute circular opening of the lacrimal canaliculus, on the margin of each eyelid near the medial commissure. ... Synonym: punctum lacrimale, lacrimal opening. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lacrimal reflex
Discharge of tears when the conjunctiva is irritated. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lacrimal sac
The upper portion of the nasolacrimal duct into which empty the two lacrimal canaliculi; empty. ... Synonym: saccus lacrimalis, dacryocyst, sacculus lacrimalis, tear sac. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lacrimal vein
<anatomy, vein> Small vein which it drains the lacrimal gland, passing posteriorly through the orbit with the lacrimal artery to empty into the superior ophthalmic vein. ... Synonym: vena lacrimalis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lacrimation
Shedding tears. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

lacrimator
A substance that makes the eyes water. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

lacrimatory
Causing lacrimation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lacrimo-gustatory reflex
Chewing of food causing secretion of tears. ... See: crocodile tears syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lacrimoconchal suture
Line of union of the lacrimal bone with the inferior nasal concha. ... Synonym: sutura lacrimoconchalis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lacrimomaxillary suture
Line of union, on the medial wall of the orbit, between the anterior and inferior margin of the lacrimal bone and the maxilla. ... Synonym: sutura lacrimomaxillaris. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lacrimotomy
<procedure> The operation of incising the lacrimal duct or sac. ... Origin: L. Lacrima, tear, + G. Tome, incision ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lacrymiform
Tear-shaped. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

lact-
Milk. ... See: galacto-. ... Origin: L. Lac, lactis ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lactacid oxygen debt
That part of an oxygen debt represented by the production of lactic acid by anaerobic glycolysis during exercise and, therefore, by the need to eliminate it by oxidative metabolism during recovery. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lactacidemia
Synonym for lactic acidemia ... The presence of dextrorotatory lactic acid in the circulating blood. ... Synonym: lactacidemia. ... Origin: Lactic acid + G. Haima, blood ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lactacidosis
Acidosis due to increased lactic acid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lactalbumin
<protein> Milk protein fraction containing _ lactoglobulin and _ lactalbumin. _ lactalbumin is the regulatory subunit of lactose synthetase: thought to be related to lysozyme C. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

lactams
<chemical> Cyclic amides formed from aminocarboxy acids by the elimination of water. They are isomeric with lactims, which are enol forms of lactams. ... Pharmacological action: antibiotics, lactam. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

lactase
Enzyme that breaks down the milk sugar lactose. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

lactase deficiency
An intolerance to milk and dairy products due to a deficiency of lactase in the intestine. Lactase is a enzyme which breaks down milk sugar or lactose. This condition is common in adults and may affect as many as 70-90% of Asians, African Americans, Native Americans and Mediterranean populations. This condition may also develop as the result of an …

lactase restriction
An inherited trait in which there is low lactase activity and thus there is defective lactose intestinal metabolism. ... Compare: lactase persistence. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lactate
Important as the terminal product of anaerobic glycolysis. Accumulation of lactate in tissues is responsible for the so called oxygen debt. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

lactate 2-mono-oxygenase
A flavoprotein oxidoreductase catalyzing oxidation (with O2) of l-lactate to acetate plus CO2 and water. ... Synonym: lactic acid oxidative decarboxylase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lactate dehydratase
<enzyme> From cell extracts of clostridium propionicum; catalyses the dehydration of (r)-lactate to acrylate ... Registry number: EC 4.2.1.54 ... Synonym: lactyl CoA dehydratase, lactyl coenzyme a dehydratase, lactoyl-CoA dehydratase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

lactate dehydrogenase
<enzyme> An enzyme with 5 forms: LDH-1 is in the heart, its blood level can rise when heart muscle is damaged. Other forms can be found in the liver, brain, kidney, skeletal muscle and bone. A useful blood test in the evaluation of many disease processes, including heart attack, liver disease, muscular dystrophy and bone disease. ... (27 Sep 1 …

lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes
<enzyme> Registry number: EC 1.1.1.- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

lactate dehydrogenase virus
A species of RNA virus, probably an arterivirus, occurring in a number of transplantable mouse tumours. Infected mice have permanently elevated serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

lactate level
A test that measures the amount of lactic acid in the blood. Lactic acid is an intermediate product of carbohydrate metabolism and is derived mainly from muscle cells and red blood cells. Exercise will normally raise lactic acid levels. Conditions of oxygen deprivation (for example shock, heart failure, lung disease) will trigger anaerobic metaboli …

lactate-2-sulfate sulfatase
<enzyme> Shows no activity for (l)-isomer ... Registry number: EC 3.1.6.- ... Synonym: d-lactate-2-sulfate sulfatase, d-lactate-2-sulfatase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

lactated Ringer's injection
A sterile solution of calcium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium chloride, and sodium lactate in water for injection; used intravenously as a systemic alkaliser and a fluid and electrolyte replenisher. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lactated Ringer's solution
A solution containing NaCl, sodium lactate, CaCl2(dihydrate), and KCl in distilled water; used for the same purposes as Ringer's solution. ... Synonym: Hartmann's solution. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lactates
Salts or esters of lactic acid containing the general formula ch3chohcoor. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

lactating adenoma
<tumour> An uncommon adenoma of the breast composed of tubuloacinar structures with pronounced secretory changes such as seen in pregnancy and lactation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lactation
<obstetrics> The period of the secretion of milk. ... Origin: L. Lactatio, from lactare = to suckle ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

lactation amenorrhoea
Physiological suppression of menses while nursing. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lactation disorders
Disturbances of milk secretion in either sex, not necessarily related to pregnancy. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

lactation hormone
Synonym for prolactin ... <protein> Pituitary lactogenic hormone (23 kD) Synthesised on endoplasmic reticulum bound ribosomes as preprolactin that has an N terminal signal peptide that is cleaved from the mature form. The conversion of preprolactin to prolactin has been much used as an assay for membrane insertion. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

lactational
Relating to lactation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lactational mastitis
Synonym for puerperal mastitis ... Mastitis, usually suppurative, occurring in the later part of the puerperium. ... Synonym: lactational mastitis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lacteal
1. Pertaining to, or resembling, milk; milky; as, the lacteal fluid. ... 2. <anatomy> Pertaining to, or containing, chyle; as, the lacteal vessels. ... Origin: L. Lacteus milky, fr. Lac, lactis, milk. Cf. Galaxy, Lettuce. ... <anatomy> One of the lymphatic vessels which convey chyle from the small intestine through the mesenteric glands to …

lacteal cyst
A retention cyst in the mammary gland resulting from closure of a lactiferous duct. ... Synonym: milk cyst. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lacteal fistula
A fistulous opening into one of the lactiferous ducts. ... Synonym: mammary fistula. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lacteal vessel
Synonym for lacteal ... 1. Pertaining to, or resembling, milk; milky; as, the lacteal fluid. ... 2. <anatomy> Pertaining to, or containing, chyle; as, the lacteal vessels. ... Origin: L. Lacteus milky, fr. Lac, lactis, milk. Cf. Galaxy, Lettuce. ... <anatomy> One of the lymphatic vessels which convey chyle from the small intestine through t …

lactenin
An antibacterial agent active against streptococci isolated from cow's milk. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lactic
<physiology> Of or pertaining to milk; procured from sour milk or whey; as, lactic acid; lactic fermentation, etc. ... <biochemistry, physiology> Lactic acid, a sirupy, colourless fluid, soluble in water, with an intensely sour taste and strong acid reaction. There are at least three isomeric modifications all having the formula C3H6O3. …

lactic acid
A byproduct of carbohydrate metabolism (anaerobic metabolism). A lactic acid level may be measured in the bloodstream in conditions of metabolic acidosis. ... Lactic acid is an intermediate product of carbohydrate metabolism and is derived mainly from muscle cells and red blood cells. ... Exercise will normally raise lactic acid levels. Conditions of …

lactic acid bacillus
A member of the genus Lactobacillus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lactic acid bacteria
<microbiology> A group of Gram-positive, non-sporing bacteria which carry out a lactic acid fermentation of sugars. It includes species of Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc, Pediococcus and Streptococcus. ... See: lactic acid fermentation. ... (25 Jun 1999) ...

lactic acid dehydrogenase
Synonym for lactate dehydrogenase ... <enzyme> An enzyme with 5 forms: LDH-1 is in the heart, its blood level can rise when heart muscle is damaged. Other forms can be found in the liver, brain, kidney, skeletal muscle and bone. A useful blood test in the evaluation of many disease processes, including heart attack, liver disease, muscular dys …

lactic acid fermentation
<biochemistry> A type of fermentation carried out by lactic acid bacteria in which sugar (for example lactose, glucose, pentose) are converted either entirely (or almost entirely) to lactic acid (homolactic fermentation) or to a mixture of lactic acid and other products (heterolactic fermentation). ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

lactic acid level
<investigation> A test that measures the amount of lactic acid in the blood. ... (25 Jun 1999) ...

lactic acid oxidative decarboxylase
Synonym for lactate 2-mono-oxygenase ... A flavoprotein oxidoreductase catalyzing oxidation (with O2) of l-lactate to acetate plus CO2 and water. ... Synonym: lactic acid oxidative decarboxylase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lactic acidemia
The presence of dextrorotatory lactic acid in the circulating blood. ... Synonym: lactacidemia. ... Origin: Lactic acid + G. Haima, blood ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lactic acidosis
<biochemistry, physiology> Acidosis caused by accumulation of lactic acid more rapidly than it can be metabolised. ... It may occur spontaneously or in association with diseases such as diabetes mellitus, leukaemia, or liver failure. ... (25 Jun 1999) ...

lactic dehydrogenase
<enzyme> The enzyme that catalyses the formation and removal of lactate according to the equation: pyruvate + NADH = lactate NAD. ... <cell culture> The appearance of lactic dehydrogenase in the medium is often usedas an indication of cell death and the release of cytoplasmic constituents. ... Acronym: LDH ... (25 Jun 1999) ...

lactiferous ampulla
Synonym for lactiferous sinus ... A circumscribed spindle-shaped dilation of the lactiferous duct just before it enters the nipple. In nursing mothers this dilatation stores a droplet of milk which is expressed by compression as the infant begins to suckle; this is thought to encourage continual suckling while the let-down reflex ensues. ... Synonym: …

lactiferous ducts
The ducts, numbering 15 or 20, which drain the lobes of the mammary gland; they open at the nipple. ... Synonym: ductus lactiferi, canalicular ducts, galactophore, galactophorous canals, galactophorous ducts, mamillary ducts, mammary ducts, milk ducts, tubuli galactophori, tubuli lactiferi. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lactiferous gland
Synonym for mammary gland ... <anatomy> Milk producing gland of female mammals. An adapted sweat gland, it is made up of milk producing alveolar cells, surrounded by contractile myoepithelial cells, together with considerable numbers of fat cells. Milk production is hormonally controlled. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

lactiferous sinus
A circumscribed spindle-shaped dilation of the lactiferous duct just before it enters the nipple. In nursing mothers this dilatation stores a droplet of milk which is expressed by compression as the infant begins to suckle; this is thought to encourage continual suckling while the let-down reflex ensues. ... Synonym: sinus lactiferi, ampulla lactife …

lactigenous
Producing milk. ... Origin: Lacti-+ -gen, producing ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lactigerous
Synonym: lactiferous. ... Origin: Lacti-+ L. Gero, to carry ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lactimorbus
Synonym: milk sickness. ... Origin: Lacti-+ L. Morbus, disease ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lactinated
Prepared with or containing milk sugar. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lacto-N-biosidase
<enzyme> Hydrolyzes oligosaccharides containing a type 1 structure at the nonreducing terminus and produces lacto-n-biose (gal beta1-3glcnac) ... Registry number: EC 3.2.1.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

lacto-ovo-vegetarian
A vegetarian who consumes dairy products and eggs but does not eat animal flesh. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lactobacillaceae
A family of gram-positive bacteria found regularly in the mouth and intestinal tract of man and other animals, in food and dairy products, and in fermenting vegetable juices. A few species are highly pathogenic. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

lactobacillary milk
Milk inoculated with a culture of Bacillus acidophilus, B. Bulgaricus, or other lactic acid-forming microorganism. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lactobacilli
Plural of lactobacillus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lactobacillic acid
CH3(CH2)4CH2-CH-CH-(CH2)9COOH; (1R-cis)-2-hexycyclopropanedecanoic acid;a major constituent of the lipids of lactobacilli; notable for the presence of a cyclopropane ring in the molecule. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lactobacillus
Literally milk bacteria, normally found in the mouth, intestinal tract and vagina. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

lactobacillus acidophilus
Bug that produces acidophilus milk. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Lactobacillus bifidus
Former name for Bifidobacterium bifidum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Lactobacillus brevis
A species widely distributed in nature, especially in plant and animal products; it is also found in the mouth and intestinal tract of humans and rats. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Lactobacillus buchneri
A species widely distributed in fermenting substances. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Lactobacillus bulgaricus
A species used in the production of yogurt. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Lactobacillus bulgaricus factor
Synonym for pantetheine ... <chemical> 2,4-dihydroxy-n-[2-[(2-merceptoethyl)carbamoyl]ethyl]-3,3-dimethylbutyramide. An intermediate in the pathway of coenzyme a formation in mammalian liver and some microorganisms. ... Chemical name: Butanamide, 2,4-dihydroxy-N-(3-((2-mercaptoethyl)amino)-3-oxopropyl)-3,3-dimethyl-, (R)- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

lactobacillus casei
A rod-shaped bacterium isolated from milk and cheese, dairy products and dairy environments, sour dough, cow dung, silage, and human mouth, human intestinal contents and stools, and the human vagina. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Lactobacillus casei factor
Synonym for folic acid ... <biochemistry> Pteridine derivative that is abundant in liver and green plants and is a growth factor for some bacteria. The biochemically active form is tetrahydrofolate (see folate). ... (12 Nov 1997) ...

Lactobacillus catenaformis
An anaerobic species found in the intestines and pulmonary cavities of humans. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Lactobacillus cellobiosus
Synonym for Lactobacillus fermentum ... A species found widely distributed in nature, especially in fermenting plant and animal products. Also found in the mouth of human beings. ... Synonym: Lactobacillus cellobiosus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Lactobacillus confusus
A species found in cow dung. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...