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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

landfill gas
Gas that is generated by decomposition of organic material at landfill disposal sites. Landfill gas is approximately 50 percent methane. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

landing
Of, pertaining to or used for, setting, bringing, or going, on shore. Landing charges, charges or fees paid on goods unloaded from a vessel. Landing net, a small, bag-shaped net, used in fishing to take the fish from the water after being hooked. Landing stage, a floating platform attached at one end to a wharf in such a manner as to rise and fall …

landmark
1. A mark to designate the boundary of land; any, mark or fixed object (as a marked tree, a stone, a ditch, or a heap of stones) by which the limits of a farm, a town, or other portion of territory may be known and preserved. ... 2. Any conspicuous object on land that serves as a guide; some prominent object, as a hill or steeple. Landmarks of histo …

Landolfi's sign
<clinical sign> In aortic insufficiency, systolic contraction and diastolic dilation of the pupil. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Landolt
Edmund, French ophthalmologist, 1846-1926. ... See: Landolt's bodies. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Landolt's bodies
Bipolar nerve cells lying between the retinal rods and cones in amphibia, reptiles, and birds. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Landouzy
Louis T.J., French neurologist, 1845-1917. ... See: Landouzy-Dejerine dystrophy, Landouzy-Grasset law. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Landouzy-Dejerine dystrophy
Synonym for facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy ... A relatively benign type of muscular dystrophy commencing in childhood and slowly progressive; characterised by wasting and weakness, sometimes asymmetrical, mainly of the muscles of the face, shoulder girdle, and arms; autosomal dominant inheritance. ... Synonym: facioscapulohumeral atrophy, Lan …

Landouzy-Grasset law
In lesions of one hemisphere, the patient's head is turned to the side of the affected muscles if there is spasticity and to that of the cerebral lesion if there is paralysis. ... Synonym: Grasset's law. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Landry syndrome
Synonym for acute idiopathic polyneuritis ... <neurology, syndrome> Acute infective polyneuritis that results in a form of peripheral neuropathy with temporary loss of movement and sensation due to inflammation of multiple nerves and loss of myelin. ... The exact cause is unknown but has been associated with an abnormal immune response to viral …

Landry-Guillain-Barre syndrome
Synonym for acute idiopathic polyneuritis ... <neurology, syndrome> Acute infective polyneuritis that results in a form of peripheral neuropathy with temporary loss of movement and sensation due to inflammation of multiple nerves and loss of myelin. ... The exact cause is unknown but has been associated with an abnormal immune response to viral …

Landry, Jean
<person> French physician, 1826-1865. ... See: Landry's paralysis, Landry syndrome, Landry-Guillain-Barre syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Landry's paralysis
Synonym for acute idiopathic polyneuritis ... <neurology, syndrome> Acute infective polyneuritis that results in a form of peripheral neuropathy with temporary loss of movement and sensation due to inflammation of multiple nerves and loss of myelin. ... The exact cause is unknown but has been associated with an abnormal immune response to viral …

landscape
1. A portion of land or territory which the eye can comprehend in a single view, including all the objects it contains. ... 2. A picture representing a scene by land or sea, actual or fancied, the chief subject being the general aspect of nature, as fields, hills, forests, water. Etc. ... 3. The pictorial aspect of a country. 'The landscape of his na …

Landschutz tumour
A transplantable, possibly isoantigenic, highly virulent neoplasm which can be grown in any strain of mice; the host is killed in a few days by what is apparently an anaplastic carcinoma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Landsteiner
Karl, Austrian-U.S. Pathologist and Nobel laureate, 1868-1943. ... See: Landsteiner-Donath test, Donath-Landsteiner cold autoantibody, Donath-Landsteiner phenomenon. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Landsteiner-Donath test
Synonym for Donath-Landsteiner phenomenon ... The haemolysis which results in a sample of blood of a subject of paroxysmal haemoglobinuria when the sample is cooled to around 5°C and then warmed again. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Landsteiner, Karl
<person> This native of Vienna in 1900 discovered iso-agglutinins in human blood and then showed that blood had specific groups, which was responsible for the safety of giving blood transfusions. ... With Alexander Weiner, he discovered the Rh factor in human blood. Along with Poppen he proved that poliomyelitis could be transmitted to subhuma …

Landstrom
John, Swedish surgeon, 1869-1910. ... See: Landstrom's muscle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Landstrom's muscle
<anatomy> Microscopic muscle fibres in the fascia behind and about the eyeball, attached anteriorly to the lids and anterior orbital fascia; its action is to draw the eyeball forward and the lids backward, resisting the pull of the four orbital muscle's. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Landzert
T., 19th century German anatomist. ... See: Landzert's fossa, Gruber-Landzert fossa. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Landzert's fossa
A fossa formed by two peritoneal folds, enclosing the left colic artery and the inferior mesenteric vein, respectively, at the side of the duodenum; it is smaller than the paraduodenal recess which is sometimes found in the same region. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lane
A passageway between fences or hedges which is not traveled as a highroad; an alley between buildings; a narrow way among trees, rcks, and other natural obstructions; hence, in a general sense, a narrow passageway; as, a lane between lines of men, or through a field of ice. 'It is become a turn-again lane unto them which they can not go through.' ( …

Lane's band
A congenital band on the distal ileum causing stasis. ... Synonym: Lane's kink. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Lane's disease
Synonym for erythema palmare hereditarium ... A condition characterised by asymptomatic symmetrical palmar erythema; autosomal dominant inheritance. ... Synonym: Lane's disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Lane's kink
Synonym for Lane's band ... A congenital band on the distal ileum causing stasis. ... Synonym: Lane's kink. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Lane's plates
Flattened, narrow, metal plate's of various shapes and sizes, perforated for screws; used to hold the fragments of a fractured bone in apposition. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Lang
Basil T., English ophthalmologist, 1880-1928. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Lange-Nielsen, F
<person> 20th century Norwegian cardiologist. ... See: Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Lange, Carl F
<person> German biochemist, *1883. ... See: Lange's solution, Lange's test. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Lange, Carl G
<person> Danish psychologist, 1834-1900. ... See: James-Lange theory. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Lange's solution
A colloidal gold solution used to demonstrate protein abnormalities in spinal fluid. ... See: Lange's test. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Lange's test
An obsolete, non-specific test for altered proteins in spinal fluid. As originally used by Lange in 1912, the test was thought to be specific for neurosyphilis; however, this proved to be incorrect. Dilutions of spinal fluid are made in saline and to these a colloidal gold solution is added; if altered proteins are present, there is a colour change …

Langenbeck, Bernhard von
<person> German surgeon, 1810-1887. ... See: Langenbeck's triangle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Langenbeck's triangle
A triangle formed by lines drawn from the anterior superior iliac spine to the surface of the great trochanter and to the surgical neck of the femur; a penetrating wound in this area probably involves the joint. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Langendorff, Oscar
<person> German physiologist, 1853-1908. ... See: Langendorff's method. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Langendorff's method
Perfusion of the isolated mammalian heart by carrying fluid under pressure into the sectioned aorta, and thus into the coronary system. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

langer-giedion syndrome
<syndrome> Autosomal dominant disorder characterised by cone-shaped epiphyses in the hands and multiple cartilaginous exostoses. Mental retardation and abnormalities of chromosome 8 are often present. The exostoses in this syndrome appear identical to those of hereditary multiple exostoses (exostoses, hereditary multiple). ... (12 Dec 1998) …

Langer, Carl
<person> Austrian anatomist, 1819-1887. ... See: Langer's arch, Langer's lines, Langer's muscle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Langer's arch
Synonym for axillary arch muscle ... pectorodorsalis muscle ...

Langer's lines
Synonym for cleavage lines ... Lines which can be extrapolated by connecting linear openings made when a round pin is driven into the skin of a cadaver, resulting from the principal axis of orientation of the subcutaneous connective tissue (collagen) fibres of the dermis; they vary in direction with the region of the body surface. ... Synonym: Langer …

Langer's muscle
Synonym for axillary arch muscle ... pectorodorsalis muscle ...

Langerhans
Synonym for Islets of Langerhans ... <anatomy> Groups of cells found within the pancreas: A cells and B-cells secrete insulin and glucagon. ... See: D cells. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

langerhans cell
Paul langerhans, german pathologist, 1847-1888 ... 1. Star-shaped cells in the deeper portions of the germinative layer of the epidermis. 2. Irregulare wandering cells in the intercellular spaces of rhe cornea. ... Synonym: Langerhans stellate corpuscles. ... (16 Dec 1997) ...

langerhans cell histiocytoses
An immunologic disorder of unknown cause where there is proliferation of histiocytes (a type of cell in the immune system) in the bloodstream. The disorder is characterised by inflammation of the bronchioles and small pulmonary vessels that leads to fibrosis and destruction of alveolar cell walls. Cigarette smoking is considered a risk factor. Indi …

langerhans cells
Recirculating, dendritic, antigen-presenting cells containing characteristic racket-shaped granules (birbeck granules). They are found principally in the stratum spinosum of the epidermis and are rich in class II major histocompatibility complex molecules. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Langerhans, Paul
<person> B. Berlin, July 25th, 1847. Was a Physician and an Anatomist and became Professor of Pathological Anatomy in Freiburg. On his retirement went to Madeira. D. Funchal, July 20th, 1888. ... Islets of Langerhans - collection of cells in the pancreas which produce insulin and glucagon. ... Cells of Langerhans - dendritic cells found in the …

Langerhans' cells
Dendritic clear cell's in the epidermis, containing distinctive granules that appear rod-or racket-shaped in section, but lacking tonofilaments, melanosomes, and desmosomes; they carry surface receptors for immunoglobulin (Fc) and complement (C3), and are believed to be antigen fixing and processing cell's of monocytic origin; active participants i …

Langerhans' granule
A small tennis racket-shaped membrane-bound granule with characteristic cross-striated internal ultrastructure; first reported in Langerhans' cells of the epidermis. ... Synonym: Birbeck's granule. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Langerhans' islands
Synonym for Islets of Langerhans ... <anatomy> Groups of cells found within the pancreas: A cells and B-cells secrete insulin and glucagon. ... See: D cells. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

Langhans giant cell
Multinucleate cells formed by fusion of epithelioid macrophages and associated with the central part of early tubercular lesions. Similar to foreign body giant cells, but with the nuclei peripherally located. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

Langhans, Theodor
<person> German pathologist, 1839-1915. ... See: Langhans' cells, Langhans'-type giant cells, Langhans' layer, Langhans' stria. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Langhans' cells
Multinucleated giant cell's seen in tuberculosis and other granulomas; the nuclei are arranged in an arciform manner at the periphery of the cell's. ... Synonym: Langhans'-type giant cells. ... Synonym: cytotrophoblastic cells. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Langhans' layer
Synonym for cytotrophoblast ... The inner layer of the trophoblast. ... Synonym: Langhans' layer. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Langhans' stria
Fibrinoid that accumulates on the chorionic plate between the bases of placental villi during the first half of pregnancy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Langhans'-type giant cells
Synonym for Langhans' cells ... Multinucleated giant cell's seen in tuberculosis and other granulomas; the nuclei are arranged in an arciform manner at the periphery of the cell's. ... Synonym: Langhans'-type giant cells. ... Synonym: cytotrophoblastic cells. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Langley
John N., English physiologist, 1852-1925. ... See: Langley's granules. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Langley's granules
Granule's in serous secreting cells. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Langmuir
Irving, U.S. Chemist and Nobel laureate, 1881-1957. ... See: Langmuir trough. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Langmuir trough
<apparatus> A device for studying the properties of lipid monolayers at an air/water interface. A moveable barrier connected to a balance allows measurement of surface pressure. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

language
1. Any means of conveying or communicating ideas; specifically, human speech; the expression of ideas by the voice; sounds, expressive of thought, articulated by the organs of the throat and mouth. ... Language consists in the oral utterance of sounds which usage has made the representatives of ideas. When two or more persons customarily annex the s …

language arts
Skills in the use of language which lead to proficiency in written or spoken communication. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

language development
The gradual expansion in complexity and meaning of symbols and sounds as perceived and interpreted by the individual through a maturational and learning process. Stages in development include babbling, cooing, word imitation with cognition, and use of short sentences. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

language development disorders
Failure to understand or speak the language at the expected age. Causal factors include slow maturation, hearing loss, brain injury, mental retardation and emotional disorders. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

language disorders
Disabilities related to both the sensory and motor aspects of language; includes impairments in understanding of written and spoken language, and impairments in speaking and writing language. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

language tests
Tests designed to assess language behaviour and abilities. They include tests of vocabulary, comprehension, grammar and functional use of language, e.g., development sentence scoring, receptive-expressive emergent language scale, parsons language sample, utah test of language development, michigan language inventory and verbal language development …

language therapy
Rehabilitation of persons with language disorders or training of children with language development disorders. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

language zone
A large area of the cerebral cortex on the left side (in right-handed persons) considered by some to embrace all the centres of memories and associations connected with language. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

languid
1. Drooping or flagging from exhaustion; indisposed to exertion; without animation; weak; weary; heavy; dull. ' Languid, powerless limbs. ' 'Fire their languid souls with Cato's virtue.' (Addison) ... 2. Slow in progress; tardy. ' No motion so swift or languid.' ... 3. Promoting or indicating weakness or heaviness; as, a languid day. 'Feebly she laug …

languish
1. To become languid or weak; to lose strength or animation; to be or become dull, feeble or spiritless; to pine away; to wither or fade. 'We . . . Do languish of such diseases.' (2 Esdras viii. 31) 'Cease, fond nature, cease thy strife, And let me landguish into life.' (Pope) 'For the fields of Heshbon languish.' (Is. Xvi. 8) ... 2. To assume an ex …

languor
1. A state of the body or mind which is caused by exhaustion of strength and characterised by a languid feeling; feebleness; lassitude; laxity. ... 2. Any enfeebling disease. 'Sick men with divers languors.' (Wyclif (Luke iv. 40)) ... 3. Listless indolence; dreaminess. Pope. ' German dreams, Italian languors.' ... Synonym: Feebleness, weakness, faintn …

lankamycin
Macrolide antibiotic produced by Streptomyces violaceoniger from the soil of Ceylon. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Lannelongue
Odilon M., French surgeon and pathologist, 1840-1911. ... See: Lannelongue's foramina, Lannelongue's ligaments. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Lannelongue's foramina
Synonym for foramina of the venae minimae ... <anatomy> A number of fossae in the wall of the right atrium, containing the openings of minute intramural veins. ... Synonym: foramina venarum minimarum cordis, foramina of the smallest veins of heart, Lannelongue's foramina, thebesian foramina, Vieussens' foramina. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Lannelongue's ligaments
Synonym for sternopericardial ligament ... <anatomy> Fibrous bands that pass from the pericardium to the sternum. ... Synonym: ligamenta sternopericardiaca, Lannelongue's ligaments, Luschka's ligaments. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lanolin
<physiology> A peculiar fatlike body, made up of cholesterin and certain fatty acids, found in feathers, hair, wool, and keratin tissues generally. ... Under the same name, it is prepared from wool for commercial purposes, and forms an admirable basis for ointments, being readily absorbed by the skin. ... Origin: L. Lana wool + oleum oil. ... So …

lanosterol
<chemical> Chemical name: Lanosta-8,24-dien-3-ol, (3beta)- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

lanosterol 14 alpha-demethylase
<enzyme> Requires cytochrome p-450, several steps, oxidative ... Registry number: EC 1.- ... Synonym: lanosterol 14 alpha-methylsterol oxidase, sterol c 14 demethylase, sterol 14 alpha-demethylase, cytochrome p-450 (14dm), cytochrome p450 14-alpha demethylase, p450 ca, p-450dm, lan14dm, cyp51a1 gene product, eburicol 14 alpha-demethylase, cyp51 …

lant
<zoology> Any one of several species of small, slender, marine fishes of the genus Ammedytes. The common European species (A. Tobianus) and the American species (A. Americanus) live on sandy shores, buried in the sand, and are caught in large quantities for bait. ... Synonym: launce, and sand eel. ... Origin: Cf. Lance. ... Source: Websters Dict …

Lanterman
A.J., 19th century U.S. Anatomist in Strasbourg. ... See: Lanterman's incisures, Lanterman's segments, Schmidt-Lanterman clefts, Schmidt-Lanterman incisures. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Lanterman's incisures
Synonym for Schmidt-Lanterman incisures ... Funnel-shaped interruptions in the regular structure of the myelin sheath of nerve fibres, formerly interpreted as actual breaks in the sheath but shown by electron microscopy to correspond each to a strand of cytoplasm locally separating the two otherwise fused oligodendroglial (or, in peripheral nerves, …

Lanterman's segments
The divisions of the nerve fibre between the Schmidt-Lanterman incisures. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lantern
1. Something inclosing a light, and protecting it from wind, rain, etc.; sometimes portable, as a closed vessel or case of horn, perforated tin, glass, oiled paper, or other material, having a lamp or candle within; sometimes fixed, as the glazed inclosure of a street light, or of a lighthouse light. ... 2. An open structure of light material set up …

lanthanic
Rarely used term denoting a disease process that produces no symptoms or clinical evidence of illness. ... Origin: G. Lanthano, to lie hidden ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lanthanides
Those elements with atomic numbers 57-71 which closely resemble one another chemically and were once difficult to separate from one another. ... Synonym: rare earth elements. ... Origin: Lanthanum, first element of the series ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lanthanum
<chemical> Lanthanum salts are used as a negative stain in electron microscopy and as calcium channel blockers. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

lanthionine
S(CH2-CH(NH3)+-COO- )2; 3,3'-thiodialanine;an amino acid obtained from wood which resembles cystine but has only one sulfur atom in the molecule rather than two; i.e., a sulfide rather than a disulfide. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lanthionine synthase
<enzyme> Proposed complex of nisb, at least two molecules of nisc and a nist dimer; converts nisin prepeptide by a dehydratase reaction at serine and threonine, forming dehydroalanine and dehydrobutyrine, which are converted to thioethers with neighboring cysteine residues in lantibiotic prepeptides ... Registry number: EC 4.2.1.- ... (26 Jun 1 …

lanuginous
Covered with lanugo. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Lanz
Otto, Swiss surgeon in Amsterdam, 1865-1935. ... See: Lanz's line. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Lanz's line
Synonym for interspinal plane ... A horizontal plane passing through the anterior superior iliac spines; it marks the boundary between the lateral and umbilical regions superiorly and the inguinal and pubic regions inferiorly. ... Synonym: planum interspinale, Lanz's line. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

LAO
<abbreviation> Left anterior oblique projection, used in chest radiography, especially to assess the size of the left atrium and ventricle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lap
1. The loose part of a coat; the lower part of a garment that plays loosely; a skirt; an apron. ... 2. An edge; a border; a hem, as of cloth. 'If he cuts off but a lap of truth's garment, his heart smites him.' (Fuller) ... 3. The part of the clothing that lies on the knees or thighs when one sits down; that part of the person thus covered; figurativ …

laparectomy
<procedure> Excision of strips or gores from the abdominal wall and suture of the edges of the wounds, in cases of abnormal laxity of the abdominal muscles. ... Origin: Laparo-+ G. Ektome, excision ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

laparo-
The loins (less properly, the abdomen in general). ... Origin: G. Lapara, flank, loins ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

laparogastroscopy
Inspection of interior of the stomach after a gastrotomy. ... Origin: Laparo-+ G. Gaster, stomach, + skopeo, to view ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

laparohysterectomy
Synonym for abdominal hysterectomy ... <procedure> Surgical removal of the uterus through an incision made in the abdominal wall. As opposed to a vaginal hysterectomy. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

laparohystero-oophorectomy
<procedure> Removal of the uterus and ovaries through an incision in the abdominal wall. ... Origin: Laparo-+ G. Hystera, uterus, + oophorectomy ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

laparohysteropexy
Synonym: abdominal hysteropexy. ... Origin: Laparo-+ G. Hystera, uterus, + pexis, fixation ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

laparohysterosalpingo-oophorectomy
<procedure> Removal of uterus and adnexa (tubes and ovaries) through an abdominal incision. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...