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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

laws of association
Principles formulated by Aristotle to account for the functional relationships between ideas; the law of contiguity (association) proved most useful to experimental psychologists, culminating in modern studies of respondent conditioning. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Lawson criterion
<physics> Scientific breakeven criterion based on the product of energy confinement time and particle density. Together with plasma temperature, the Lawson value of a plasma indicates how close it is to self-sustained (ignited) fusion. ... See: ignition. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

lawyer
1. One versed in the laws, or a practitioner of law; one whose profession is to conduct lawsuits for clients, or to advise as to prosecution or defence of lawsuits, or as to legal rights and obligations in other matters. It is a general term, comprehending attorneys, counselors, solicitors, barristers, sergeants, and advocates. ... 2. <zoology> …

lax
1. Not tense, firm, or rigid; loose; slack; as, a lax bandage; lax fibre. 'The flesh of that sort of fish being lax and spongy.' (Ray) ... 2. Not strict or stringent; not exact; loose; weak; vague; equivocal. 'The discipline was lax.' (Macaulay) 'Society at that epoch was lenient, if not lax, in matters of the passions.' (J. A. Symonds) 'The word 'a …

laxation
Bowel movement, with or without laxatives. ... Origin: see laxative ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

laxative
<pharmacology> An agent that acts to promote evacuation of the bowel, a cathartic or purgative. ... Origin: L. Laxativus ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

laxator tympani
One of two supposed muscles, probably ligaments of the malleus. ... Origin: Mod. L. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lay
1. To cause to lie down, to be prostrate, or to lie against something; to put or set down; to deposit; as, to lay a book on the table; to lay a body in the grave; a shower lays the dust. 'A stone was brought, and laid upon the mouth of the den.' (Dan. Vi. 17) 'Soft on the flowery herb I found me laid.' (Milton) ... 2. To place in position; to establ …

layer
1. One who, or that which, lays. ... 2. [Prob. A corruption of lair] That which is laid; a stratum; a bed; one thickness, course, or fold laid over another; as, a layer of clay or of sand in the earth; a layer of bricks, or of plaster; the layers of an onion. ... 3. A shoot or twig of a plant, not detached from the stock, laid under ground for growth …

layer of Bechterew
Synonym for band of Kaes-Bechterew ... A band of horizontal myelinated fibres in the most superficial part of the third layer of the isocortex. ... Synonym: Bechterew's band, layer of Bechterew, line of Bechterew, line of Kaes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

layer of piriform neurons
Synonym for piriform neuron layer ... The layer of Purkinje cells between the molecular and granular layers of the cerebellar cortex. ... Synonym: stratum neuronorum piriformium, ganglionic layer of cerebellar cortex, layer of piriform neurons, Purkinje's layer, stratum gangliosum cerebelli. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

layer of rods and cones
The layer of the retina next to the pigment layer and containing the visual receptors. ... See: retina, granular layers of retina, neuroepithelial layer of retina. ... Synonym: bacillary layer. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

layered closure
<surgery> A sutural closure where the subcutaneous tissue is closed separately using an absorbable suture and the skin is closed in an additional layer. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

layering
<botany, technique> A propagation method by which adventitious roots are caused to form on a stem while it is still attached to the parent plant. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

layers of cerebellar cortex
Synonym for cerebellar cortex ... The thin gray surface layer of the cerebellum, consisting of an outer molecular layer or stratum moleculare, a single layer of Purkinje cells (the ganglionic layer), and an inner granular layer or stratum granulosum. ... Synonym: cortex cerebelli. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

layers of cerebral cortex
Synonym for cerebral cortex ... The outer portion of the brain, consisting of layersof nerve cells and the pathways that connect them. The cerebralcortex is the part of the brain in which thought processes take place.In Alzheimer's disease, nerve cells in the cerebral cortex die. ... (22 May 1997) ...

layers of retina
Synonym for retina ... Light sensitive layer of the eye. In vertebrates, looking from outside, there are four major cell layers: (i) the outer neural retina, which contains neurons (ganglion cells, amacrine cells, bipolar cells) as well as blood vessels, (ii) the photoreceptor layer, a single layer of rods and cones, (iii) the pigmented retinal epit …

layers of skin
See: epidermis, dermis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lazarine leprosy
Synonym for Lucio's leprosy ... An acute form occurring in pure diffuse lepromatous leprosy presenting irregularly shaped, intensely erythematous, tender plaques, especially of the legs, with tendency to ulceration and scarring. ... Synonym: lazarine leprosy, Lucio's leprosy phenomenon. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lazuli
<chemical> A mineral of a fine azure-blue colour, usually in small rounded masses. It is essentially a silicate of alumina, lime, and soda, with some sodium sulphide, is often marked by yellow spots or veins of sulphide of iron, and is much valued for ornamental work. ... Synonym: lapis lazuli, and Armenian stone. ... Origin: F. & NL. Lapis …

lazy eye
An eye that diverges in gaze. More formally called strabismus. Can be esotropia (cross-eyed) or exotropia (wall-eyed). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

lazy leucocyte syndrome
<haematology, syndrome> A rare human complaint in which neutrophils display poor locomotion towards sites of infection. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

lb
<abbreviation> The abbreviation for pound, the measure of weight. ... Plural is lb. Or lbs. ... Origin: libra (latin for pound). ... (25 Jun 1999) ...

LBF
<abbreviation> Lactobacillus bulgaricus factor. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

LCAT
<abbreviation> Lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

LCAT deficiency
A rare condition characterised by corneal opacities, haemolytic anaemia, proteinuria, renal insufficiency, and premature atherosclerosis, and very low levels of lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity; results in accumulation of unesterfied cholesterol in plasma and tissues. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lck
<molecular biology> Gene encoding a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase, related to src. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

LCM virus
Synonym for lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus ... The type species of arenavirus, part of the lcm-lassa complex viruses, producing an inapparent infection in house and laboratory mice. In humans, infection with lcmv can be inapparent, or can present with an influenza-like illness, a benign aseptic meningitis, or a severe meningoencephalomyelitis. T …

lcm-lassa complex viruses
One of two groups of viruses in the arenavirus genus and considered part of the old world complex. It includes lassa virus and lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, although the latter has worldwide distribution now. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

LD
<abbreviation> Lethal dose. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

LDH
Synonym for lactic dehydrogenase ... <enzyme> The enzyme that catalyses the formation and removal of lactate according to the equation: pyruvate + NADH = lactate NAD. ... <cell culture> The appearance of lactic dehydrogenase in the medium is often usedas an indication of cell death and the release of cytoplasmic constituents. ... Acronym: …

LDH agent
Synonym for lactate dehydrogenase virus ... A species of RNA virus, probably an arterivirus, occurring in a number of transplantable mouse tumours. Infected mice have permanently elevated serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

LDL
Synonym for low density lipoprotein ... <biochemistry> A lipoprotein substances (combination of a fat and a protein) which acts as a carrier for cholesterol and fats in the bloodstream. ... High levels of low density lipoprotein are considered a positive risk factor for the development of coronary artery disease. Less than 130 mg/dl is desirabl …

ldl cholesterol
Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (the bad cholesterol). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

LDL receptor disorder
Abnormality in clearance of LDL from the plasma due to abnormality in LDL receptor activity; causes hypercholesterolaemia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

LE
<abbreviation> Left eye; lupus erythematosus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Le antigens
Synonym for Lewis blood group ... <haematology> A pair of blood group activities associated with the A, B, H substances. Lewis Lea is a separate gene, whereas Leb arises from the combined activity of the enzymes specified by Le(a) and H genes. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

Le Bel-van't Hoff rule
The number of stereoisomers of an organic compound is 2n where n represents the number of asymmetric carbon atoms (unless there is an internal plane of symmetry). A corollary of their simultaneously announced conclusions, in 1874, that the most probable orientation of the bonds of a carbon atom linked to four groups or atoms is toward the apexes of …

Le Bel, Joseph Achille
<person> French chemist, 1847-1930. ... See: Le Bel-van't Hoff rule. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

LE body
<pathology> A globular mass of nuclear material that stains with haematoxylin, associated with lesions of systemic lupus erythematosus. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

LE cell
<pathology> Phagocyte that has ingested nuclear material of another cell: characteristic of systemic lupus erythematosus. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

le cell test
<investigation> A test for lupus that measures the presence of autoantibodies against nuclear proteins in the blood. Performed on a normal venipuncture specimen, this test is positive in 70 to 80% of patients with lupus. Some patients with rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma and drug-induced lupus may also have a positive test result. ... (27 Se …

Le Chatelier, Henri
<person> French physical chemist, 1850-1936. ... See: Le Chatelier's law, Le Chatelier's principle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Le Chatelier's law
If external factors such as temperature and pressure disturb a system in equilibrium, adjustment occurs in such a way that the effect of the disturbing factors is reduced to a minimum. ... Synonym: Le Chatelier's principle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Le Chatelier's principle
Synonym for Le Chatelier's law ... If external factors such as temperature and pressure disturb a system in equilibrium, adjustment occurs in such a way that the effect of the disturbing factors is reduced to a minimum. ... Synonym: Le Chatelier's principle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

LE factors
Antinuclear immunoglobulins in plasma of persons with disseminated lupus erythematosus, associated with positive LE tests. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Le Fort
Leon C., French surgeon and gynecologist, 1829-1893. ... See: Le Fort I fracture, Le Fort II fracture, Le Fort III fracture, Le Fort sound, Le Fort's amputation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Le Fort I fracture
Synonym for Guerin's fracture ... A fracture of the facial bones in which there is a horizontal fracture at the base of the maxillae above the apices of the teeth. ... Synonym: horizontal fracture, Le Fort I fracture. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Le Fort II fracture
Synonym for pyramidal fracture ... A fracture of the midfacial skeleton with the principal fracture lines meeting at an apex at or near the superior aspect of the nasal bones. ... Synonym: Le Fort II fracture. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Le Fort III fracture
Synonym for craniofacial dysjunction fracture ... A complex fracture in which the facial bones are separated from the cranial bones. ... Synonym: Le Fort III craniofacial dysjunction, Le Fort III fracture, transverse facial fracture. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Le Fort osteotomy
<procedure> An osteotomy often done to correct a maxillary skeletal deformity. Classified as Le Fort osteotomy I, II, or III, depending upon the location. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Le Fort sound
A curved sound threaded for a filiform bougie, used for dilation of urethral strictures in the male when small caliber or presence of false passages prevents safe passage of a standard sound or catheter. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Le Fort's amputation
A modification of Pirogoff's amputation; the calcaneus is sawed through horizontally instead of vertically so that the patient steps on the same part of the heel as before. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

LE phenomenon
The formation of LE cells in bone marrow or blood on adding serum from patients with disseminated lupus erythematosus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

leach tube
A reusable cone-shaped plastic container used for growing seedlings for revegetation work, the containers can be mounted in a rack for easy transport and were named after Ray Leach, who invented them in Oregon. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

leachate
Solution of material leached from a solid (for example, dissolved organic matter leached from fallen leaves). ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

leachates
Liquids percolated through waste piles. Leachate can include various minerals, organic matter, or other contaminants and can contaminate surface water or ground water. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

leaching
Removal of valuable metals form ores by microbial action. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

lead
1. To guide or conduct with the hand, or by means of some physical contact connection; as, a father leads a child; a jockey leads a horse with a halter; a dog leads a blind man. 'If a blind man lead a blind man, both fall down in the ditch.' (Wyclif (Matt. Xv. 14)) 'They thrust him out of the city, and led him unto the brow of the hill.' (Luke iv. …

lead acetate
Has been used as an astringent in diarrhoea, and in aqueous solution as a wet dressing in certain dermatoses. ... Synonym: sugar of lead. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lead anaemia
Anaemia associated with poisoning from lead; thought to result from a defect in synthesis of haemoglobin based on the failure of iron being combined in the porphyrin ring. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lead carbonate
A heavy white powder that is insoluble in water; occasionally, it is used to relieve irritation in dermatitis, but it is used largely in the manufacture of paint and in the arts and is thus productive of lead poisoning. ... Synonym: ceruse, white lead. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lead chromate
Synonym for chrome yellow ... A fine yellow powder used in paints and dyes. ... Synonym: lead chromate, Leipzig yellow, lemon yellow, Paris yellow. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lead colic
Severe colicky abdominal pain, with constipation, symptomatic of lead poisoning. ... Synonym: Devonshire colic, painter's colic, Poitou colic, saturnine colic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lead encephalitis
Synonym for lead encephalopathy ... A metabolic encephalopathy, caused by the ingestion of lead compounds and seen particularly in early childhood; it is characterised pathologically by extensive cerebral oedema, status spongiosus, neurocytolysis, and some reactive inflammation; clinical manifestations include convulsions, delirium, and hallucinatio …

lead encephalopathy
A metabolic encephalopathy, caused by the ingestion of lead compounds and seen particularly in early childhood; it is characterised pathologically by extensive cerebral oedema, status spongiosus, neurocytolysis, and some reactive inflammation; clinical manifestations include convulsions, delirium, and hallucinations. ... See: lead poisoning. ... Syno …

lead gout
saturnine gout ...

lead hydroxide stain
<technique> A stain for electron microscopy; after aldehyde fixation, alkaline lead hydroxide preferentially stains RNA, but after OsO4 fixation, it reacts largely with osmium in tissues to give a general stain; in addition to binding to cytomembranes, it also stains carbohydrates (e.g., glycogen). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lead line
Deposits of lead sulfide in the gingiva in areas of chronic inflammation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lead monoxide
Has been used as an ingredient in external applications such as lead plaster. ... Synonym: lead oxide (yellow), litharge, massicot. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lead neuropathy
A peripheral neuropathy reportedly seen in chronic lead intoxication; reputedly characterised by wrist-drop, but no convincing modern reports of this are available. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lead oxide
Synonym for lead monoxide ... Has been used as an ingredient in external applications such as lead plaster. ... Synonym: lead oxide (yellow), litharge, massicot. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lead palsy
Paralysis of the extensor muscles of the wrist causing wrist-drop; occurs in lead poisoning. ... Synonym: lead paralysis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lead paralysis
Synonym for lead palsy ... Paralysis of the extensor muscles of the wrist causing wrist-drop; occurs in lead poisoning. ... Synonym: lead paralysis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lead poisoning
<pharmacology> An environment hazard (for example, from lead-containing paint, leaded gasoline,etc) capable of causing brain damage. ... (25 Jun 1999) ...

lead radioisotope
<radiobiology> Unstable isotopes of lead that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Lead atoms with atomic weights 194-203, 205, and 209-214 are radioactive lead isotopes. ... (25 Jun 1999) ...

lead stomatitis
Oral manifestation of lead poisoning consisting of a bluish-black line following the contours of the marginal gingiva where lead sulfide has precipitated due to the inflamed environment. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lead storage battery
<chemistry> A battery (used in cars) in which the anode is lead, the cathode is lead coated with lead dioxide, and the electrolyte is a sulfuric acid solution. ... (09 Jan 1998) ...

lead sulfide
The native form in which lead is chiefly found. ... Synonym: galena. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lead tetraethyl
Synonym for tetraethyllead ... Pb(C2H5)4; tetraethylplumbane;an anti-knock compound added to motor fuel; has a toxic action causing anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, tremors, muscular weakness, insomnia, irritability, nervousness, and anxiety; death may occur. ... Synonym: lead tetraethyl. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lead tetroxide
A bright orange-red powder that turns black when heated; used in ointments and plasters. ... Synonym: red lead, red oxide of lead. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lead-pipe rigidity
The plastic type of rigidity resembling that of a pipe of lead seen in certain forms of parkinsonism. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

leader
A sequence near the 5' end of an RNAstrand or the amino terminus of a protein that functions intargeting or regulation. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

leader peptide
Synonym for leader sequence ... <molecular biology> In the regulation of gene expression for enzymes concerned with amino acid synthesis in prokaryotes, the leader sequence codes for the leader peptide that contains several residues of the amino acid being regulated. Transcription is closely linked to translation and if translation is retarded …

leader sequence
<molecular biology> In the regulation of gene expression for enzymes concerned with amino acid synthesis in prokaryotes, the leader sequence codes for the leader peptide that contains several residues of the amino acid being regulated. Transcription is closely linked to translation and if translation is retarded by limited supply of amino acy …

leader sequences
Sequences at the end of either nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) or proteins that must be processed off to allow for a specific function of the mature molecule. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

leadership
<psychology> The function of directing or controlling the actions or attitudes of an individual or group with more or less willing acquiescence of the followers. ... (25 Jun 1999) ...

leading edge
The initial part of a wave form at maximum slope. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

leading lamella
<cell biology> Anterior region of a crawling cell, such as a fibroblast, from which most cytoplasmic granules are excluded. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

leading strand
The DNA strand that is synthesised continuously during replication ... Compare: lagging strand. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

leaf
To shoot out leaves; to produce leaves; to leave; as, the trees leaf in May. ... Origin: OE. Leef, lef, leaf, AS. Leaf; akin to S. Lf, OFries. Laf, D. Loof foliage, G. Laub,OHG. Loub leaf, foliage, Icel. Lauf, Sw. Lof, Dan. Lov, Goth. Laufs; cf. Lith. Lapas. Cf. Lodge. ... 1. <botany> A coloured, usually green, expansion growing from the side o …

leaf blight
Any of various diseases which lead to the browning and dropping of a plant's leaves. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

leaflet
One of the ultimate segments of a compound leaf. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

league
1. A measure of length or distance, varying in different countries from about 2.4 to 4.6 English statute miles of 5.280 feet each, and used (as a land measure) chiefly on the continent of Europe, and in the Spanish parts of America. The marine league of England and the United States is equal to three marine, or geographical, miles of 6080 feet each …

League of Red Cross Societies
The international federation of national Red Cross and similar societies. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

leak point pressure
Storage pressure in bladder at which leakage occurs passively, usually in patients with neuropathic bladder. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lean
1. That part of flesh which consist principally of muscle without the fat. 'The fat was so white and the lean was so ruddy.' (Goldsmith) ... 2. Unremunerative copy or work. ... 1. Wanting flesh; destitute of or deficient in fat; not plump; meager; thin; lank; as, a lean body; a lean cattle. ... 2. Wanting fullness, richness, sufficiency, or productive …

leap
1. To pass over by a leap or jump; as, to leap a wall, or a ditch. ... 2. To copulate with (a female beast); to cover. ... 3. To cause to leap; as, to leap a horse across a ditch. ... 1. A basket. ... 2. A weel or wicker trap for fish. ... Origin: AS. Leap. ... 1. To spring clear of the ground, with the feet; to jump; to vault; as, a man leaps over a fen …

leapfrog position
A stooping position, such as that taken by children in playing leapfrog, assumed for rectal examination. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Lear complex
A father's libidinous fixation on a daughter. ... Origin: Lear, Shakespearean character ... (05 Mar 2000) ...