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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary
Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary
Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK
Words: 116197
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lesser rhomboid muscleSynonym for rhomboid minor ... <anatomy, muscle> Origin, spinous processes of sixth and seventh cervical vertebrae; insertion, medial margin of scapula above spine; action, draws scapula toward vertebral column and slightly upward; nerve supply, dorsal nerve of scapula. ... Synonym: musculus rhomboideus minor, lesser rhomboid muscle. ... (05 Mar …
lesser ring of irisThe narrow inner zone of the iris. ... Synonym: annulus iridis minor. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
lesser sciatic notchThe notch in the posterior border of the ischium below the ischial spine. ... Synonym: incisura ischiadica minor. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
lesser splanchnic nerve<anatomy, nerve> One of the abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves arising in the thorax from the last two thoracic sympathetic ganglia and passing through the diaphragm to the aorticorenal ganglion; conveys presynaptic sympathetic fibres and visceral afferent fibres. ... Synonym: nervus splanchnicus minor. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
lesser superficial petrosal nerve<anatomy, nerve> The parasympathetic root of the otic ganglion, derived from the tympanic plexus; it leaves the tympanic cavity through the canal for the lesser petrosal nerve and passes within the cranium to the sphenopetrosal fissure, or to the foramen ovale, or to the petrosal foramen through which it descends to reach the otic ganglion; c …
lesser supraclavicular fossaA triangular space between the two heads of origin of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. ... Synonym: fossa supraclavicularis minor. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
lesser trochanterA pyramidal process projecting from the medial and proximal part of the shaft of the femur at the line of junction of the shaft and the neck; it receives the insertion of the psoas major and iliacus (iliopsoas) muscles. ... Synonym: trochanter minor, small trochanter, trochantin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
lesser tubercle of humerusThe anterior of the two tubercles of the neck of the humerus on which the subscapularis is inserted. ... Synonym: tuberculum minus humeri, lesser tuberosity of humerus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
lesser tuberosity of humerusSynonym for lesser tubercle of humerus ... The anterior of the two tubercles of the neck of the humerus on which the subscapularis is inserted. ... Synonym: tuberculum minus humeri, lesser tuberosity of humerus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
lesser tympanic spineThe posterior edge of the tympanic notch (of Rivinus). ... Synonym: spina tympanica minor. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
lesser vestibular glandsA number of minute mucous glands opening on the surface of the vestibule between the orifices of the vagina and urethra. ... Synonym: glandulae vestibulares minores. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
lesser wing of sphenoid boneOne of a bilateral pair of triangular, pointed plates extending laterally from the anterolateral body of the sphenoid bone. Forming the posteriormost portion of the floor of the anterior cranial fossa, their sharp posterior edge forms the sphenoidal ridge separating anterior and middle cranial fossae. The medial end of the lesser wing attaches to t …
lesser zygomatic muscleSynonym for zygomaticus minor ... <anatomy, muscle> Origin, zygomatic bone posterior to zygomaticomaxillary suture; insertion, orbicularis oris of upper lip; action, draws upper lip upward and outward; nerve supply, facial. ... Synonym: musculus zygomaticus minor, caput zygomaticum quadrati labii superioris, lesser zygomatic muscle. ... (05 Mar …
Lesser's triangleThe space between the bellies of the digastric muscle and the hypoglossal nerve. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Lesshaft, Pjotr<person> Russian physician, 1836-1909. ... See: Lesshaft's triangle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Lesshaft's triangleSynonym for Grynfeltt's triangle ... A triangular space bounded above by the end of the last rib and the serratus posterior inferior muscle, anteriorly by the internal oblique, and posteriorly by the quadratus lumborum; lumbar hernia occurs in this space. ... Synonym: Lesshaft's triangle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
let-down reflex<neurology, paediatrics> An involuntary reflex during breast feeding which causes the milk to flow freely. ... See: milk-ejection reflex ... (22 Sep 2002) ...
lethalDeadly, fatal. ... Origin: L. Lethalis, from lethum = death ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
lethal coefficient<microbiology> That concentration of disinfectant that kills bacteria at 20-25°C in the shortest period of time. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
lethal dose<pharmacology> The amount, or dosage, of a toxin necessary to cause death. ... (16 Mar 1998) ...
lethal dose 50<pharmacology> The amount, or dosage, of a toxin necessary to kill 50% of the experimental subjects. ... (16 Mar 1998) ...
lethal dwarfismDwarfism leading to intrauterine or neonatal death. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
lethal equivalentA combination of selective effects that on average have the same impact on the composition of the gene pool as one death; e.g., two carriers at 50% risk of dying would be the lethal equivalent of one carrier at 100% risk, in the population genetics of recessive traits lethal equivalent is expressed as twice the sum of the expected number of deaths …
lethal factorSynonym for genetic lethal ... A disorder that prevents effective reproduction by those affected; e.g., Klinefelter syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
lethal geneA gene that produces a genotype that leads to death of the organism before reproduction is possible or that precludes reproduction; for a recessive gene the homozygous or hemizygous state is lethal. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
lethal midline granulomaDestruction of the nasal septum, hard palate, lateral nasal walls, paranasal sinuses, skin of the face, orbit and nasopharynx by an inflammatory infiltrate with atypical lymphocytic and histiocytic cells; presumably a form of lymphoma in most cases. ... An obsolete term for polymorphic reticulosis. ... Synonym: granuloma gangrenescens, malignant gran …
lethal mutation<genetics, molecular biology> Mutation that eventually results in the death of an organism carrying the mutation. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
lethalityThe quality or state of being lethal. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
lethality rateSynonym for mortality rate ... <statistics> The proportion of deaths in a population or to a specific number of the population. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
lethargic hypnosisThe deep sleep following major hypnosis. ... Synonym: trance coma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
lethargy<symptom> Abnormal drowsiness or stupor, a condition of indifference. ... Origin: Gr. Lethargia = drowsiness ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
LETSAcronym for large, external transformation-sensitive fibronectin. ... See: fibronectins. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
letterWritten or printed communication between individuals or between persons and representatives of corporate bodies. The correspondence may be personal or professional. In medical and other scientific publications the letter is usually from one or more authors to the editor of the journal or book publishing the item being commented upon or discussed. L …
letter blindnessVisual agnosia for letters. The subject sees the letters but cannot identify them; caused by a lesion in the occipital cortex. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
lettered1. Literate; educated; versed in literature. ' Are you not lettered?' 'The unlettered barbarians willingly accepted the aid of the lettered clergy, still chiefly of Roman birth, to reduce to writing the institutes of their forefathers.' (Milman) ... 2. Of or pertaining to learning or literature; learned. ' A lettered education.' ... 3. Inscribed or s …
letterer-siwe diseaseSynonym for histiocytosis ... A condition marked by the abnormal appearance of histiocytes (macrophages) in the blood. Lipid h., Niemann-Pick disease. Sinus h., a disorder of the lymph nodes in which the distended sinuses are completely or nearly completely, filled by histiocytes, as a result of active multiplication of the littoral cells. H. X, a g …
Letterer, Erich<person> German pathologist, *1895. ... See: Letterer-Siwe disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
lettuce<botany> A composite plant of the genus Lactuca (L. Sativa), the leaves of which are used as salad. Plants of this genus yield a milky juice, from which lactucarium is obtained. The commonest wild lettuce of the United States is L. Canadensis. Hare's lettuce, Lamb's lettuce. See Hare, and Lamb. Lettuce opium. See Lactucarium. Sea lettuce, cer …
LeuSymbol for leucine radical. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Leu enkephalin<protein> A natural peptide neurotransmitter. ... See: enkephalins. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
leuc-1. <prefix> A combining form signifying white, colourless; specif. ... 2. <chemistry> Denoting an extensive series of colourless organic compounds, obtained by reduction from certain other coloured compounds; as, leucaniline, leucaurin, etc. ... Origin: Gr. White. ... (29 Oct 1998) ...
leucaemiaSynonym for leukaemia ... <haematology> An acute or chronic disease of unknown cause in man and other warm blooded animals that involves the blood forming organs, is characterised by an abnormal increase in the number of leucocytes in the tissues of the body with or without a corresponding increase of those in the circulating blood and is clas …
leucin<physiology> A white, crystalline, nitrogenous substance formed in the decomposition of albuminous matter by pancreatic digestion, by the action of boiling dilute sulphuric acid, and by putrefaction. It is also found as a constituent of various tissues and organs, as the spleen, pancreas, etc, and likewise in the vegetable kingdom. Chemically …
leucine<amino acid> The most abundant amino acid found in proteins. Confers hydrophobicity and has a structural rather than a chemical role. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
leucine 2,3-aminomutase<enzyme> Leucine is converted to 3-amino-4-methylpentanoate (beta leucine) ... Registry number: EC 5.4.3.7 ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
leucine acetyltransferase<enzyme> Forms acetyl-l-leucine from acetyl-CoA plus leucine ... Registry number: EC 2.3.1.- ... Synonym: leucine acyltransferase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
leucine aminopeptidase<enzyme> An exopeptidase that removes neutral amino acid residues from the N terminus of proteins. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
leucine dehydrogenase<enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the reaction of l-leucine, water, and NAD+ to produce NADH, ammonia, and 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate; used in the treatment of certain tumours. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
leucine hypoglycaemiaReduction in blood glucose concentration produced by administration of leucine; believed to reflect the ability of this amino acid to stimulate insulin secretion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
leucine zipper<molecular biology> Motif found in certain DNA binding proteins. In a region of approximately 35 amino acids, every seventh is a leucine. This facilitates dimerisation of two such proteins to form a functional transcription factor. ... Examples of proteins containing leucine zippers are products of the proto-oncogenes myc, fos and jun. ... (15 …
leucine zippersDomains in DNA-binding proteins that contain amino acid sequences that show periodic arrays of leucine residues. These residues exist in an alpha-helical conformation, with the leucine side chains extending from one alpha helix interdigitating with those displayed from a similar alpha helix of a second polypeptide, facilitating dimerization. ... (12 …
leucine-induced hypoglycaemiaRare cause of hypoglycaemia occurring following ingestion of leucine. Seen especially in infants. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
leucine-tRNA ligase<enzyme> An enzyme that activates leucine with its specific transfer RNA. ... Chemical name: L-Leucine:tRNA(Leu) ligase (AMP-forming) ... Registry number: EC 6.1.1.4 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
leucinopine<biochemistry, cell biology> An analogue of nopaline found in crown gall tumours (induced by Agrobacterium tumefasciens) that do not synthesise octopine or nopaline. ... (15 Oct 1997) ...
leucinosisA condition in which there is an abnormally large proportion of leucine in the tissues and body fluids. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
leucinuriaThe excretion of leucine in the urine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
leuco patent blueA sulfonated triphenylmethane dye reduced and decolorised with zinc and acetic acid to produce a stable solution; used to demonstrate haemoglobin peroxidase. ... Synonym: patent blue V. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase<enzyme> Catalyses conversion of flavan-3,4-diols to 3-hydroxyanthocyanidins ... Registry number: EC 1.14.11.- ... Synonym: ldox enzyme ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
leucocidin<protein> Exotoxins from staphylococcal and streptococcal species of bacteria that cause leucocyte killing or lysis. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
leucocyteGeneric term for a white blood cell. The family consists of polymorphonuclear neutrophil (polymorphs), lymphocyte, eosinophil, basophil and each functions differently. ... (16 Dec 1997) ...
leucocyticPertaining to leucocytes. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
leucocytosisA transient increase in the number of leucocytes in the circulating blood, resulting from various causes, as haemorrhage, fever, infection, inflammation, etc. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
LeucocytozoonA genus of sporozoan parasites (family Plasmodiidae, suborder Haemosporina) that attack the immature red blood cells of birds and are capable of causing acute outbreaks of disease, particularly in turkeys and ducks; vectors are black flies, Simulium species, and the bloodsucking gnat Culicoides. ... Synonym: Leukocytozoon. ... Origin: G. Leukos, whit …
Leucocytozoon marchouxiA species of unknown pathogenicity, but fairly common in wild doves and pigeons. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Leucocytozoon sabrazesiA species that is a cause of leucocytozoonosis of chickens, particularly in Indochina, Malaysia, India, Sumatra, and Java. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Leucocytozoon simondiA species that causes disease in domestic and wild ducks, geese, and related waterfowl in the northern U.S. And Canada; it is severely pathogenic, especially in young birds. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Leucocytozoon smithiA species that causes disease in domestic turkeys. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
leucocytozoonosisInfection of ducks, turkeys, chickens, pigeons, and doves with species of the protozoan genus Leucocytozoon. The disease is most acute and damaging in young turkeys and ducks, and is characterised by enlargement of the spleen and liver, anaemia, listlessness, weakness, and frequently death. ... Synonym: leukocytozoonosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
leucogenenol<chemical> Chemical name: Leucogenenol ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
leucokininase<enzyme> Cleaves oligopeptide 'tuftsin' responsible for activity of leucokinin ... Registry number: EC 3.4.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
leucomethylene blueThe reduced and colourless form of methylene blue. ... Synonym: methylene white. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
leucomycins<chemical> An antibiotic complex produced by streptomyces kitasatoensis. The complex consists of a mixture of at least eight biologically active components, a1 and a3 to a9. Leucomycins have both antibacterial and antimycoplasmal activities. ... Pharmacological action: antibiotics, macrolide. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
leuconostocA genus of gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic bacteria whose growth is dependent on the presence of a fermentable carbohydrate. It is nonpathogenic to plants and animals, including humans. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
Leuconostoc mesenteroidesA species found in fermenting vegetables and other plant materials and in prepared meat products; it is an active slime (dextran) producer, the dextran commonly used as a plasma expander; it is the type species of the genus Leuconostoc. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
leucopenia<haematology> Reduction in the number of leucocytes in the blood, the count being 5000 per cu. Mm. Or less. ... Origin: Gr. Penia = poverty ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
leucopheresisMethod of separating blood into its liquid and cellular components and for the removal of white blood cells before returning the remainder of the blood to the patient. It is used to reduce the white cell count when chemotherapy is to be avoided, for example during pregnancy. ... (13 Nov 1997) ...
leucoplakiaA white patch or plaque on a mucous membrane that will not rub off, often in the oral cavity. Considered premalignant. ... Origin: Gr. Plax = plate ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
leucoplastColourless plastid, that may be an etioplast or a storage plastid (amyloplast, elaioplast or proteinoplast). ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
leucosisThe correct term for an excess of leucocytes in the circulation and other parts of the body, preferable in place of the term leucocytosis. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
leucotriene<biochemistry> A family of hydroxyeicosotrienenoic (HETE) acid derivatives in which the lipid moiety is conjugated to glutathione or cysteine. Members of the group are potent pharmacological mediators, for example SRS A, the slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
leucovorin<chemical> The active metabolite of folic acid. Leucovorin is used principally as its calcium salt as an antidote to folic acid antagonists which block the conversion of folic acid to folinic acid. ... Pharmacological action: antidotes. ... Chemical name: L-Glutamic acid, N-(4-(((2-amino-5-formyl-1,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-4-oxo-6-pteridinyl)methyl) …
leucovorin calcium<drug> The calcium salt of leucovorin (folinic acid); used to counteract toxic effects of folic acid antagonists, for the treatment of megaloblastic anaemias, and as an adjunct to cyanocobalamin in pernicious anaemia. ... Synonym: calcium folinate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
leucyl-beta-naphthylamidase<enzyme> Frequently used to test for leucine aminopeptidase (ec 3.4.11.1) activity; hydrolyzes naphthylamides of leucine. ... Registry number: EC 3.4.11.- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
leucyltransferase<enzyme> A component of the bacterial n-end rule pathway; aa has been determined ... Registry number: EC 2.3.2.6 ... Synonym: leucyl-tRNA protein leucyltransferase, leucyl-, phenylalanyl-tRNA-protein transferase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
Leudet, Theodor<person> French physician, 1825-1887. ... See: Leudet's tinnitus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Leudet's tinnitus<clinical sign> A dry spasmodic click, audible also through the otoscope, heard in catarrhal inflammation of the eustachian tube; caused by reflex spasm of the tensor palati muscle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
leukaemia<haematology> An acute or chronic disease of unknown cause in man and other warm blooded animals that involves the blood forming organs, is characterised by an abnormal increase in the number of leucocytes in the tissues of the body with or without a corresponding increase of those in the circulating blood and is classified according of the t …
leukaemia cutisYellow-brown, red, blue-red, or purple, sometimes nodular lesions associated with diffuse infiltration of leukaemic cells in the skin; the involvement may be diffuse and generalised, i.e., so-called universal leukaemia cutis, or it may be localised. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Leukaemia inhibitory factor<growth factor> Polypeptide growth factor or cytokine with wide range of activities. Regulates growth and differentiation of primordial germ cells and embryonic stem cells but has effects on peripheral neurons, osteoblasts, adipocytes and various cells of the myeloid lineage. Given to adult animals induces weight loss, behavioural disorders a …
leukaemia l5178An experimental lymphocytic leukaemia of mice. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
leukaemia of fowlsSynonym for avian leukosis ... A group of transmissible, virus-induced diseases of chickens, characterised by proliferation of immature erythroid, myeloid, or lymphoid cells. It includes both leukaemic and solid-tumour forms. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
leukaemia p388An experimental lymphocytic leukaemia originally induced in dba/2 mice by painting with methylcholanthrene. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
leukaemia virus, bovineThe type species of HTLV-blv viruses that causes a form of bovine lymphosarcoma (enzootic bovine leukosis) or persistent lymphocytosis. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
leukaemia virus, felineA species of mammalian type c retrovirus (retroviruses type c, mammalian) causing leukaemia, lymphosarcoma, immune deficiency, or other degenerative diseases in cats. Several cellular oncogenes confer on felv the ability to induce sarcomas (see also sarcoma virus, feline). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
leukaemia virus, gibbon apeA species of mammalian type c retrovirus (retroviruses type c, mammalian) causing leukaemia in the gibbon ape. Natural transmission is by contact. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
leukaemia viruses, murineSpecies of mammalian type c retroviruses (retroviruses type c, mammalian) producing leukaemia in mice. It is commonly induced by injecting filtrates of propagable tumours into newborn mice. The gross strain (gross virus) occurs spontaneously in inbred mice, but none of the other strains occurs naturally. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
leukaemia, accelerated phase ofRefers to chronic myelogenous leukaemia that is progressing. The number of immature, abnormal white blood cells in the bone marrow and blood is higher than in the chronic phase, but not as high as in the blast phase. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
leukaemia, calla-positiveAcute leukaemia in which lymphocytes are positive for the common acute lymphoblastic leukaemia antigen (calla). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
leukaemia, erythroblastic, acuteA myeloproliferative disorder characterised by neoplastic proliferation of erythroblastic and myeloblastic elements with atypical erythroblasts and myeloblasts in the peripheral blood. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
leukaemia, experimentalLeukaemia induced experimentally by administration of various leukemogenic agents, viruses, radiation or transplantation. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
