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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

levator scapulae
<anatomy, muscle> Origin, from posterior tubercles of transverse processes of four upper cervical vertebrae; insertion, into superior angle of scapula; action, raises the scapula; nerve supply, dorsal scapular nerve. ... Synonym: musculus levator scapulae, elevator muscle of scapula, musculus levator anguli scapulae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

levator swelling
Synonym for levator cushion ... The bulge in the lateral wall of the nasopharynx, below the opening of the auditory tube, produced by the levator veli palatini muscle. ... Synonym: torus levatorius, levator swelling. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

levator veli palatini
<anatomy, muscle> Origin, apex of petrous portion of temporal bone and lower part of cartilaginous auditory (eustachian) tube; insertion, aponeurosis of soft palate; action, raises soft palate; through the expansion of its fleshy belly during contraction, it helps to 'push' open the auditory tube; nerve supply, pharyngeal plexus (cranial root …

levatores costarum muscles
musculus levator costae, elevator muscle of rib, musculi levatores costarum ...

levee
A natural or manmade feature of the landscape that restricts movement of water into or through an area. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

LeVeen shunt
A plastic tube used to transport ascitic fluid from the abdomen, via a jugular vein, to the superior vena cava. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

LeVeen, Harry
<person> U.S. Surgeon, *1914. ... See: LeVeen shunt. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

level of aspiration
<psychology> The degree or quality of performance (exhibited in a testing situation) which an individual desires to attain or feels he can achieve. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

levelised life-cycle cost
The present value of the cost of a resource, including capital, financing and operating costs, expressed as a stream of equal annual payments. This stream of payments can be converted to a unit cost of energy by dividing the annual payment amount by the annual kilowatt-hours produced or saved. By levelizing costs, resources with different lifetimes …

Leventhal, Michael
<person> U.S. Obstetrician-gynecologist, 1901-1971. ... See: Stein-Leventhal syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lever
1. <mechanics> A rigid piece which is capable of turning about one point, or axis (the fulcrum), and in which are two or more other points where forces are applied; used for transmitting and modifying force and motion. Specif, a bar of metal, wood, or other rigid substance, used to exert a pressure, or sustain a weight, at one point of its le …

leverage
The action of a lever; mechanical advantage gained by the lever. ... <mechanics> Leverage of a couple, the perpendicular distance between the lines of action of two forces which act in parallel and opposite directions. Leverage of a force, the perpendicular distance from the line in which a force acts upon a body to a point about which the bod …

Levi, E Leopold
<person> French endocrinologist, 1868-1933. ... See: dominantly inherited Levi's disease, Lorain-Levi dwarfism, Lorain-Levi infantilism, Lorain-Levi syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Levin tube
A tube introduced through the nose into the upper alimentary canal, to facilitate intestinal decompression. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Levin, Abraham
<person> U.S. Physician, 1880-1940. ... See: Levin tube. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Levin, Max
<person> U.S. Neurologist, *1901. ... See: Kleine-Levin syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Levine, Samuel
<person> U.S. Cardiologist, 1891-1966. ... See: Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Levinea
<bacteria, microbiology> A former genus of bacteria (of the family Enterobacteriaceae) whose species are now assigned to the genus Citrobacter. ... Origin: Max Levine, U.S. Bacteriologist, *1889 ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Levinea amalonatica
Synonym for Citrobacter amalonatica ... A species found in faeces, soil, water, and sewage; isolated from clinical specimens as an opportunistic pathogen. ... Synonym: Levinea amalonatica. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Levinea diversus
Synonym for Citrobacter diversus ... A species found in faeces, soil, water, sewage, and food; isolated from urine, throat, nose, sputum, and wounds; reported in cases of neonatal meningitis. ... Synonym: Citrobacter koseri, Levinea diversus, Levinea malonatica. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Levinea malonatica
Synonym for Citrobacter diversus ... A species found in faeces, soil, water, sewage, and food; isolated from urine, throat, nose, sputum, and wounds; reported in cases of neonatal meningitis. ... Synonym: Citrobacter koseri, Levinea diversus, Levinea malonatica. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

leviratical
Of, pertaining to, or in accordance with, a law of the ancient Israelites and other tribes and races, according to which a woman, whose husband died without issue, was married to the husband's brother. 'The firstborn son of a leviratical marriage was reckoned and registered as the son of the deceased brother.' (Alford) ... Origin: L. Levir a husband …

levitation
Support of the patient on a cushion of air. ... Origin: L. Levitas, lightness ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

levite
1. One of the tribe or family of Levi; a descendant of Levi; especially, one subordinate to the priests (who were of the same tribe) and employed in various duties connected with the tabernacle first, and afterward the temple, such as the care of the building, bringing of wood and other necessaries for the sacrifices, the music of the services, etc …

leviviridae
<virology> A family of bacteriophages that infects enterobacteria, caulobacter, and pseudomonas. The genome consists of linear, positive-sense single-stranded RNA. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

levivirus
<virology> A bacteriophage genus of the family leviviridae, whose infectivity is uv-resistant. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

levo-
1. <prefix> A prefix from the Latin word laevus, meaning pertaining to, or toward, the left; as, levorotatory. ... 2. <chemistry> Turning the plane of polarized light to the left; as, levotartaric acid; levoracemic acid; levogyratory crystals, etc. ... Alternative forms: laevo-. ... (29 Oct 1998) ...

levoatrio-cardinal vein
<anatomy, vein> The communication of a systemic vein with the left atrium, other than a left superior vena cava or coronary sinus; may be the right superior vena cava. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

levobunolol
<chemical> A nonselective beta-adrenoceptor antagonist used in the treatment of glaucoma. ... Pharmacological action: adrenergic beta-antagonists, sympatholytics. ... Chemical name: 1(2H)-Naphthalenone, 5-(3-((1,1-dimethylethyl)amino)-2-hydroxypropoxy)-3,4-dihydro-, (S)- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

levobunolol hydrochloride
(-)-5-[3-(tert-Butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy]-3,4-dihydro-1(2H)-naphthalenonehydrochloride;a beta-adrenergic blocking agent used primarily as an eye drop in the treatment of chronic open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

levocardia
<anatomy, embryology> Reversal of all of the abdominal and thoracic organs (situs inversus) except the heart which is still in its usual location on the left. This situation is far more of an anatomic mess than when all the organs including the heart are reversed to create a complete mirror image. ... Levocardia virtually always results in con …

levocardiogram
That part of the bicardiogram, or normal curve, that is the effect of the left ventricle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

levocarnitine
<drug> Used as a supplement for carnitine deficiency. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

levoclination
Synonym: levotorsion. ... Origin: Levo-+ L. Clino, pp. -atus, to bend ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

levocycleduction
Synonym for levotorsion ... Synonym: sinistrotorsion. ... 2. Rotation of the upper pole of the cornea of one or both eyes to the left. ... Synonym: levoclination. ... Synonym: levocycleduction. ... Origin: Levo-+ L. Torsio, a twisting ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

levocycloduction
Levotorsion of one eye. ... Origin: Levo-+ cyclo-+ L. Duco, pp. Ductus, to lead ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

levodopa
<chemical> The naturally occurring form of dopa and the immediate precursor of dopamine. Unlike dopamine itself, it can be taken orally and crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is rapidly taken up by dopaminergic neurons and converted to dopamine. It is used for the treatment of parkinsonism and is usually given with agents that inhibit its co …

levoduction
Turning of one eye to the left; exduction of left eye or euduction of right eye. ... Origin: Levo-+ L. Duco, pp. Ductus, to lead ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

levoform
Denoting the structure of a substance that rotates the plane of polarised light counterclockwise (left). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

levoglucosan dehydrogenase
<enzyme> Catalyses the conversion of levoglucosan to 1,6-anhydro-ribo-hexopyranos-3-ulose; isolated from arthrobacter ... Registry number: EC 1.1.1.- ... Synonym: 1,6-anhydro-beta-d-glucopyranose dehydrogenase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

levoglucose
D-Fructose. ... See: fructose. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

levogram
Electrocardiographic record in an experimental animal representing spread of impulse through the left ventricle alone. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

levonordefrin
Alpha-(1-Aminoethyl)-3,4-dihydroxybenzyl alcohol;used as a nasal decongestant and as a vasoconstrictor given with infiltration anaesthetics. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

levonorgestrel
<chemical> A progestational hormone with actions similar to those of progesterone and about twice as potent as its racaemic or (+-)-isomer (norgestrel). It is used for contraception, control of menstrual disorders, and treatment of endometriosis. ... Pharmacological action: contraceptive agents, female, contraceptives, oral, synthetic, progest …

levophacetoperane
Alpha-Phenyl-2-piperidinemethanol acetate;an antidepressant with anorexigenic properties. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

levophobia
<psychology> Fear of objects to the left. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

levopropoxyphene napsylate
Alpha-4-(Dimethylamino)-3-methyl-1,2-diphenyl-2-butanol propionate 2-naphthalenesulfonate;an antitussive. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

levorotation
1. A turning or twisting to the left; in particular, the counterclockwise twist given the plane of plane-polarised light by solutions of certain optically active substances. ... Compare: dextrorotation. ... Synonym: sinistrotorsion. ... Origin: Levo-+ L. Roto, to turn ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

levorotatory
<chemistry> A chiral molecule which rotates plane-polarized light to the left. ... (09 Jan 1998) ...

levorotatory isomer
A stereoisomer that rotates the plane of polarized light counterclockwise. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

levorphanol
<chemical> A narcotic analgesic that may be habit-forming. It is nearly as effective orally as by injection. ... Pharmacological action: analgesics, opioid, narcotics. ... Chemical name: Morphinan-3-ol, 17-methyl- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

levorphanol tartrate
L-3-Hydroxy-N-methylmorphinan tartrate dihydrate;an analgesic similar in action to morphine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

levothyroxine
<chemical> Levo isomer of the thyroid hormone thyroxine. It is used for replacement therapy in reduced or absent thyroid function. ... Chemical name: L-Tyrosine, O-(4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenyl)-3,5-diiodo- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

levotorsion
Synonym: sinistrotorsion. ... 2. Rotation of the upper pole of the cornea of one or both eyes to the left. ... Synonym: levoclination. ... Synonym: levocycleduction. ... Origin: Levo-+ L. Torsio, a twisting ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

levoversion
1. Version toward the left. ... 2. Conjugate turning of both eyes to the left. ... Origin: Levo-+ L. Verto, pp. Versus, to turn ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Levret
Andre, French obstetrician, 1703-1780. ... See: Levret's forceps, Mauriceau-Levret manoeuvre. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Levret's forceps
A modification of the Chamberlen forceps, curved to correspond to the curve of the parturient passage. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

levulan
Synonym for fructosan ... A polysaccharide of fructose (e.g., inulin) containing small amounts of other sugars; present in certain tubers. ... Synonym: levan, levulan, levulin, levulosan, polyfructose. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

levulic acid
Synonym for levulinic acid ... 4-Oxopentanoic acid;CH3COCH2CH2COOH, formed by the action of hot, strong acids on hexoses. ... See: d-aminolevulinic acid. ... Synonym: levulic acid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

levulinate
A salt or ester of levulinic acid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

levulinic acid
4-Oxopentanoic acid;CH3COCH2CH2COOH, formed by the action of hot, strong acids on hexoses. ... See: d-aminolevulinic acid. ... Synonym: levulic acid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

levulinic acids
Keto acids that are derivatives of 4-oxopentanoic acids (levulinic acid). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

levulosaemia
Synonym for fructosaemia ... Presence of fructose in the circulating blood. ... See: hereditary fructose intolerance. ... Synonym: levulosaemia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

levulose
<chemistry> A sirupy variety of sugar, rarely obtained crystallized, occurring widely in honey, ripe fruits, etc, and hence called also fruit sugar. It is called levulose, because it rotates the plane of polarization to the left. ... Alternative forms: laevulose]> ... It is obtained, together with an equal quantity of dextrose, by the invers …

levulosuria
Synonym for fructosuria ... Excretion of fructose in the urine. ... Synonym: levulosuria. ... Origin: fructose + G. Ouron, urine ... Essential fructosuria, a benign, asymptomatic inborn error of metabolism due to deficiency of fructokinase, the first enzyme in the specific fructose pathway; fructose appears in the blood and urine, but is simply excrete …

Levy
Gabrielle, French neurologist, 1886-1935. ... See: Roussy-Levy disease, Roussy-Levy syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Lewandowski
Felix, German dermatologist, 1879-1921. ... See: Jadassohn-Lewandowski syndrome, nevus elasticus of Lewandowski. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Lewis
Gilbert N., U.S. Chemist, 1875-1946. ... See: Lewis acid, Lewis base, second law of thermodynamics. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Lewis acid
An acid that is an electron pair acceptor. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Lewis base
A base that is an electron-pair donor. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Lewis blood group
<haematology> A pair of blood group activities associated with the A, B, H substances. Lewis Lea is a separate gene, whereas Leb arises from the combined activity of the enzymes specified by Le(a) and H genes. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

lewis blood-group system
A group of dominantly and independently inherited antigens associated with the abo blood factors. They are glycolipids present in plasma and secretions that may adhere to the erythrocytes. The phenotype le(b) is the result of the interaction of the le gene le(a) with the genes for the abo blood groups. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

lewisite
C2H2AsCl3; dichloro(2-chlorovinyl)arsine;a war gas. It is a vesicant, a lung irritant like mustard gas, a systemic poison entering the circulation through the lungs or skin, and a mitotic poison arresting mitosis in the metaphase; dimercaprol is the antidote. ... Synonym: beta-chlorovinyldichloroarsine. ... Origin: W. Lee Lewis, U.S. Chemist 1898-194 …

lewy bodies
Intracytoplasmic, eosinophilic, round to elongated inclusions found in vacuoles of injured or fragmented neurons. The presence of lewy bodies is the histological marker of the degenerative changes in parkinson disease but they may be seen in other neurological conditions. They are typically found in the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus but they …

Lewy, Frederic
<person> German neurologist in the U.S., 1885-1950. ... See: Lewy bodies. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Leyden
Ernst V. Von, German physician, 1832-1910. ... See: Leyden's ataxia, Leyden's crystals, Leyden's neuritis, Leyden-Mobius muscular dystrophy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

leyden phial
<physics> A glass jar or bottle used to accumulate electricity. It is coated with tin foil, within and without, nearly to its top, and is surmounted by a brass knob which communicates with the inner coating, for the purpose of charging it with electricity. It is so named from having been invented in Leyden, Holland. ... Source: Websters Dictio …

Leyden-Mobius muscular dystrophy
Synonym for limb-girdle muscular dystrophy ... One of the less well-defined types of muscular dystrophy, probably heterogenous in nature. Onset usually in childhood or early adulthood and both sexes affected. Characterised by weakness and wasting, usually symmetrical, of the pelvic girdle muscles, the shoulder girdle muscles, or both, but not the fa …

Leyden's ataxia
Synonym for pseudotabes ... A syndrome having the characteristics of tabetic neurosyphilis but not due to syphilis. ... Synonym: Leyden's ataxia, peripheral tabes, pseudoataxia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Leyden's crystals
Synonym for Charcot-Leyden crystals ... Crystal's in the shape of elongated double pyramids, formed from eosinophils, found in the sputum in bronchial asthma and in other exudates or transudates containing eosinophils. ... Synonym: asthma crystals, Charcot-Neumann crystals, Charcot-Robin crystals, Leyden's crystals. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Leyden's neuritis
Fatty degeneration of the fibres of the affected nerve. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Leydig
Franz von, German anatomist, 1821-1908. ... See: Leydig's cells, Leydig cell adenoma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Leydig cell
Interstitial cells of the mammalian testis, involved in synthesis of testosterone. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

Leydig cell adenoma
<tumour> A small benign tumours of the testis that often produce testosterone, causing endocrine symptoms. ... Synonym: interstitial cell tumour of testis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

leydig cell tumour
The most common nongerminal tumour of the testis, derived from the leydig cells. It is rarely malignant. This tumour appears among 1-3% of testicular tumours and although they may be seen in children, the median age of appearance is 60 years. They are sometimes seen in women as ovarian tumours. Clinically, symptoms are usually related to the endocr …

leydig cells
Cells in the interstitial tissue of the testis that are believed to furnish the internal secretion of that gland. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Leydig's cells
Synonym for interstitial cell-stimulating hormone ... lutropin ...

leydigarche
An obsolete term for the beginning of gonadal function in the male, e.g., male puberty. ... Origin: Leydig (see Leydig cells), + G. Arche, beginning ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Lf dose
The limes flocculation dose of diphtheria toxin, i.e., the smallest amount of toxin that, when mixed with one unit of antitoxin, yields the most rapid flocculation in the Ramon test (in vitro); in general, the Lf dose is slightly less than the Lr dose. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

LFA
<abbreviation> Left frontoanterior position; lymphocyte function associated antigen. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

LFP
<abbreviation> Left frontoposterior position. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

LFT
<abbreviation> Left frontotransverse position. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lh
<chemical> A small glycoprotein hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary. Lh plays an important role in controlling ovulation and in controlling secretion of hormones by the ovaries and testes. ... Chemical name: Luteinizing hormone ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

LH and RH agonist
<pharmacology> Particular medications that act as potent inhibitors of gonadotrophin (testosterone) secretion. They act to inhibit the production of testosterone through a feedback mechanism on the pituitary gland. LH and RH agonists are useful in the treatment of prostate cancer. ... (14 Oct 1997) ...

LH assay
A blood test which measures the amount of luteinising hormone (LH). LH is a protein hormone that is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. In women, a surge in LH at midcycle causes ovulation. For the next 7-10 days LH maintains the corpus luteum which synthesises progesterone. The corpus luteum disintegrates after about 10 days if fertilization …

lh surge
The sudden release of luteinising hormone (LH) that causes the follicle to release a mature egg. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

LH-FSH-RF
<abbreviation> Luteinizing hormone/follicle-stimulating hormone-releasing factor. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

LH-RF
<abbreviation> Luteinizing hormone-releasing factor. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

LH-RH
<abbreviation> Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

LH-RH degrading endopeptidase
<enzyme> Cleaves preferentially at tyr-gly bond ... Registry number: EC 3.4.99.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...