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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

ligamentum tibiofibulare posterius
Synonym for posterior tibiofibular ligament ... <anatomy> The fibrous band that horizontally crosses the posterior aspect of the tibiofibular syndesmosis, contributing the posterior 'wall' of the 'socket' which receives the trochlea of the talus. ... Synonym: ligamentum tibiofibulare posterius. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ligamentum tibionaviculare
Synonym for tibionavicular ligament ... <anatomy> The part of the medial or deltoid ligament that extends from the medial malleolus to the navicular bone. ... See: deltoid ligament. ... Synonym: pars tibionavicularis ligamenti medialis, ligamentum tibionaviculare, tibionavicular part of deltoid ligament. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ligamentum transversale colli
Synonym for cardinal ligament ... <anatomy> A fibrous band attached to the uterine cervix and the vault of the lateral fornix of the vagina; continuous with the tissue ensheathing the pelvic vessels. ... Synonym: cervical ligament of uterus, ligamentum transversale colli, Mackenrodt's ligament. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ligamentum transversum acetabuli
Synonym for transverse ligament of acetabulum ... Portion of the acetabular labrum that passes across the acetabular notch. ... Synonym: ligamentum transversum acetabuli. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ligamentum transversum atlantis
Synonym for transverse ligament of the atlas ... Thick, strong, centrally flattened band spanning the vertebral foramen of the atlas as it extends from the medial aspect of one lateral mass to the other, passing dorsal to the dens with which it articulates; it forms the dorsal portion of the opening for the dens, tightly embracing its neck. It forms …

ligamentum transversum cruris
Synonym for superior extensor retinaculum ... The ligament that binds down the extensor tendons proximal to the ankle joint; it is continuous with (a thickening of) the deep fascia of the leg. ... Synonym: retinaculum musculorum extensorum superius, ligamentum transversum cruris, superior retinaculum of extensor muscles, transverse crural ligament, t …

ligamentum transversum genus
Synonym for transverse ligament of knee ... A transverse band that passes between the lateral and medial menisci in the anterior part of the knee joint. ... Synonym: ligamentum transversum genus, transverse genicular ligament. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ligamentum transversum pelvis
Synonym for transverse perineal ligament ... <anatomy> The thickened anterior border of the urogenital diaphragm, formed by the fusion of its two fascial layers. ... Synonym: ligamentum transversum perinei, Krause's ligament, ligamentum transversum pelvis, transverse ligament of pelvis, transverse ligament of perineum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ligamentum transversum perinei
Synonym for transverse perineal ligament ... <anatomy> The thickened anterior border of the urogenital diaphragm, formed by the fusion of its two fascial layers. ... Synonym: ligamentum transversum perinei, Krause's ligament, ligamentum transversum pelvis, transverse ligament of pelvis, transverse ligament of perineum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ligamentum trapezoideum
Synonym for trapezoid ligament ... <anatomy> The lateral part of the coracoclavicular ligament that attaches to the trapezoid line of the clavicle. ... Synonym: ligamentum trapezoideum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ligamentum triangulare
Synonym for inferior fascia of urogenital diaphragm ... The layer of fascia extending between the ischiopubic rami inferior to the sphincter urethrae and the deep transverse perineal muscles. ... Synonym: membrana perinei, fascia diaphragmatis urogenitalis inferior, Camper's ligament, ligamentum triangulare, perineal membrane, triangular ligament. …

ligamentum triangulare dextrum
Synonym for right triangular ligament ... <anatomy> A triangular fold of peritoneum that passes from the right lobe of the liver to the diaphragm; it is a formation of the coronary ligament, formed as the coronary ligament makes an acute angle upon reaching its most lateral point on the right side as it surrounds the bare area of the liver. …

ligamentum triangulare sinistrum
Synonym for left triangular ligament ... <anatomy> A triangular fold of fibrous connective tissue and peritoneum that extends from the left lobe of the liver to the diaphragm. ... Synonym: ligamentum triangulare sinistrum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ligamentum tuberculi costae
Synonym for lateral costotransverse ligament ... <anatomy> The short quadrangular ligament, actually a thickening of the posterior aspect of the costotransverse joint, extending from the tip of the transverse process to the posterior surface of the neck of the rib. ... Synonym: ligamentum costotransversarium laterale, ligamentum costotransversa …

ligamentum ulnocarpale palmare
Synonym for palmar ulnocarpal ligament ... <anatomy> The fibrous band that passes from the ulnar styloid process to the carpal bones. ... Synonym: ligamentum ulnocarpale palmare. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ligamentum umbilicale laterale
An old name for ligamentum umbilicale mediale. ... Synonym: lateral umbilical ligament. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ligamentum umbilicale mediale
Synonym for medial umbilical ligament ... <anatomy> The obliterated umbilical artery that persists as a fibrous cord passing upward alongside the bladder to the umbilicus. ... Synonym: ligamentum umbilicale mediale. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ligamentum umbilicale medianum
Synonym for median umbilical ligament ... <anatomy> The remnant of the urachus, contained in the median umbilical fold; it persists as a midline fibrous cord between the apex of the bladder and the umbilicus. ... Synonym: ligamentum umbilicale medianum, middle umbilical ligament, urachal ligament. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ligamentum venae cavae sinistrae
Synonym for ligament of left vena cava ... The obliterated left common cardinal vein; it extends from the left brachiocephalic vein to the oblique vein of the left atrium. ... Synonym: ligamentum venae cavae sinistrae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ligamentum venosum
A thin fibrous cord, lying in the fissure of the ligamentum venosum, the remains of the ductus venosus of the foetus. ... Synonym: Arantius' ligament, ligamentum ductus venosi, venous ligament. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ligamentum ventriculare
Synonym for vestibular ligament ... <anatomy> The thin fibrous layer that lies in the ventricular fold of the larynx. ... Synonym: ligamentum vestibulare, ligamentum ventriculare, ventricular ligament. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ligamentum vestibulare
Synonym for vestibular ligament ... <anatomy> The thin fibrous layer that lies in the ventricular fold of the larynx. ... Synonym: ligamentum vestibulare, ligamentum ventriculare, ventricular ligament. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ligamentum vocale
Synonym for vocal ligament ... <anatomy> The band that extends on either side from the thyroid cartilage to the vocal process of the arytenoid cartilage; it is the thickened, free upper border of the conus elasticus of the larynx. ... Synonym: ligamentum vocale. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ligand
<chemistry, immunology> Any molecule that binds to another, in normal usage a soluble molecule such as a hormone or neurotransmitter, that binds to a receptor. The decision as to which is the ligand and which the receptor is often a little arbitrary when the broader sense of receptor is used (where there is no implication of transduction of s …

ligand binding site
The site on a protein's surface that binds a ligand; equivalent to the active site if the ligand is the substrate of an enzyme. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ligand gated ion channel
A transmembrane ion channel whose permeability is increased by the binding of a specific ligand, typically a neurotransmitter at a chemical synapse. The permeability change is often drastic, such channels let through effectively no ions when shut, but allow passage at up to 10exp7 ions sexp 1 when a ligand is bound. Recently, the receptors for both …

ligand induced endocytosis
The formation of coated pits and then coated vesicles as a consequence of the interaction of ligand with receptors, which then interact with clathrin and associated proteins (coatomers) on the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane and come together to form a pit. Not all coated vesicle uptake of receptors requires receptor occupancy. ... (18 Nov 1 …

ligand-gated channel
A class of ion channel's whose ionic permeability is regulated by cell membrane receptors that respond to specific extracellular chemical signals. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ligandin
Synonym for glutathione S-transferase ... A class of enzymes that catalyze the reaction of glutathione with an acceptor molecule (e.g., an arene oxide) to form an S-substituted glutathione; a key step in detoxification of many substances; start of the mercapturic acid pathway. ... Synonym: ligandin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ligands
A molecule that binds to another molecule, used especially to refer to a small molecule that binds specifically to a larger molecule, e.g., an antigen binding to an antibody, a hormone or neurotransmitter binding to a receptor, or a substrate or allosteric effector binding to an enzyme. Ligands are also molecules that donate or accept a pair of ele …

ligase
<enzyme, molecular biology> Major class of enzymes that catalyse the linking together of two molecules (category 6 in the I.U.B.C.E. Nomenclature) for example DNA ligases that link two fragments of DNA by forming a phosphodiester bond. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

ligase amplification reaction
<molecular biology> Method for detecting small quantities of a target DNA, with utility similar to PCR. It relies on DNA ligase to join adjacent synthetic oligonucleotides after they have bound the target DNA. Their small size means that they are destabilised by single base mismatches and so form a sensitive test for the presence of mutations …

ligases
<enzyme> A class of enzymes that catalyze the formation of a bond between two substrate molecules, coupled with the hydrolysis of a pyrophosphate bond in ATP or a similar energy donor. ... Registry number: EC 6. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

ligate
To tie. As, for example, the surgeon ligated the artery. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

ligatin
<protein> Polypeptide (10 kD monomer) that forms 3-4.5 nm polymeric fibrils on the outside of chick neural retina cells. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

ligating
<dentistry> An adjective used to describe components used to attach archwires to brackets. For example a ligating module is a small plastic piece that goes over the brackets to hold in your archwires. ... (08 Jan 1998) ...

ligating module
<dentistry> A small plastic piece, shaped like a donut, which is used to hold the arch wires in the brackets on your teeth. ... (08 Jan 1998) ...

ligation
<dentistry> A process where an archwire is attached to the brackets on your teeth. ... (08 Jan 1998) ...

ligature
1. The act of binding. ... 2. Anything that binds; a band or bandage. ... 3. <surgery> A thread or string for tying the blood vessels, particularly the arteries, to prevent hemorrhage. A thread or wire used to remove tumours, etc. ... 4. The state of being bound or stiffened; stiffness; as, the ligature of a joint. ... 5. Impotence caused by magi …

ligature wire
A soft thin wire of stainless steel used in dentistry to tie an archwire to band attachments or brackets. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

light
<microscopy> Light is radiant energy of such wavelength that, falling on the retina, it stimulates the rods and cones of the eye and produces the sensation of vision. The foregoing is a physiological (subjective) definition which tells what light does, under certain conditions, rather than what it is. According to the (objective) Maxwell theo …

light adaptation
The visual adjustment occurring under increased illumination in which the retinal sensitivity to light is reduced. ... See: light-adapted eye. ... Synonym: photopic adaptation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

light bath
Therapeutic exposure of the skin to radiant light. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

light cells of thyroid
Synonym for parafollicular cells ... Cell's present between follicles or interspersed among follicular cell's; they are rich in mitochondria and are believed to be the source of thyrocalcitonin. ... Synonym: C cell, light cells of thyroid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

light chain
<immunology, protein> The lighter of the two types of polypeptide chains that are found in immunoglobulin and antibody molecules. ... Also used as a non-specific term for the smaller subunits of several multimeric proteins such as immunoglobulin, myosin, dynein, clathrin. ... (14 Oct 1997) ...

light chain-related amyloidosis
A form of primary amyloidosis in which the fibrillar amyloid deposits are derived from the amino terminal variable region of the light chains of immunoglobulin; seen in B-lymphocyte and plasma-cells dyscrasias. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

light coagulation
The coagulation of tissue by an intense beam of light, including laser (laser coagulation). In the eye it is used in the treatment of retinal detachments, retinal holes, aneurysms, haemorrhages, and malignant and benign neoplasms. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

light dependent reaction
The reaction taking place in the chloroplast in which the absorption of a photon leads to the formation of ATP and NADPH. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

light difference
The difference in light sensitivity of the two eyes. ... Synonym: brightness difference threshold. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

light differential threshold
The smallest difference in light intensity that can be appreciated. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

light green SF yellowish
An acid arylmethane dye, used as a cytoplasmic stain in plant and animal histology; fades badly in bright light. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

light harvesting system
Set of photosynthetic pigment molecules that absorb light and channel the energy to the photosynthetic reaction centre, where the light reactions of photosynthesis occur. In higher plants, contains chlorophyll and carotenoids and is present in two slightly different forms in photosystems I and II. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

light metal
A metal with a specific gravity of less than 4. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

light microscope
<instrument> The most common type of microscope (a device used to magnify small objects or substances) used in laboratories. The device works by passing visible light through a condenser and an objective lens. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

light microscopy
<procedure> In contrast to electron microscopy. ... See: bright field, phase contrast, interference, interference contrast, interference reflection, dark field, confocal and fluorescence microscopy. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

light reactions
In photosynthesis, aseries of reactions in which light energy isconverted to chemical energy with the help of chlorophyll. ATP iscreated along with hydrogen ions and electrons as water molecules aresplit apart. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

light reflex
A red glow reflected from the fundus of the eye when a light is cast upon the retina, as in retinoscopy. ... Synonym: eye reflex, fundus reflex, pupillary reflex. ... Synonym: pyramid of light. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

light scattering
Particles suspended in a solution will cause scattering of light and the extent of the scattering is related to the size and shape of the particles (in a somewhat complex relationship). ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

light sense
The ability to perceive variations in the degree of light or brightness. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

light sleep
Synonym for dysnystaxis ... A condition of half sleep. ... Synonym: light sleep. ... Origin: dys-+ G. Nystaxis, drowsiness ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

light treatment
Synonym for phototherapy ... Treatment with light. For example, a newborn with jaundice may be put under the lights. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

light water
<radiobiology> Ordinary H2O, as opposed to heavy water, which contains atoms of the heavier isotopes of hydrogen, deuterium and/or tritium. ... See: hydrogen, isotope, deuterium, tritium, heavy water. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

light wire appliance
An orthodontic appliance utilizing small gauge labial wires with expansion and contraction loops formed into it and attached to bands fitted to individual teeth; sometimes called Begg light wire differential force technique. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

light-activated resin
Synonym for light-cured resin ... A resin which uses visible or ultraviolet light to excite a photoinitiator which interacts with an amine to form free radicals and initiate polymerization. Used mainly in restorative dentistry. ... Synonym: light-activated resin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

light-adapted eye
An eye that has been exposed to light, with bleaching of rhodopsin (visual purple) and insensitivity to low illumination. ... Synonym: photopic eye. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

light-cured resin
A resin which uses visible or ultraviolet light to excite a photoinitiator which interacts with an amine to form free radicals and initiate polymerization. Used mainly in restorative dentistry. ... Synonym: light-activated resin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

light-ion fusion
<radiobiology> Light-Ion-Beam-Driven Inertial Confinement fusion, using beams of light ions driven at implosion targets. Pulsed-power driven accelerators are relatively efficient and cost-effective, but beam-focusing is a technical hurdle for this approach. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

light-near dissociation
Synonym for pupillary light-near dissociation ... A stronger near pupil response than light response; due to weak pupillomotor input, Argyll Robertson pupil, dorsal midbrain syndrome, or to misdirection of ciliary muscle fibres into the iris sphincter. ... Synonym: light-near dissociation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

light-water reactor
<radiobiology> Class of fission reactors using ordinary light water as a coolant, rather than liquid metal or heavy water (water with deuterium instead of hydrogen). ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

lightening
Sensation of decreased abdominal distention during the later weeks of pregnancy following the descent of the foetal head into the pelvic inlet. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lighthouse lens
Synonym for Fresnel lens ... <physics> A lens built up, progressively, in zones or steps, each zone with its own individual radius. Considerable spherical correction is attained, and the weight of the lens is greatly reduced. ... Fresnel lenses were originally designed for lighthouses but they are now attainable for small spotlights, automobile …

lightning
1. A discharge of atmospheric electricity, accompanied by a vivid flash of light, commonly from one cloud to another, sometimes from a cloud to the earth. The sound produced by the electricity in passing rapidly through the atmosphere constitutes thunder. ... 2. The act of making bright, or the state of being made bright; enlightenment; brightening, …

lightning injuries
Accidental injuries caused by brief high-voltage electrical discharges during thunderstorms. Cardiopulmonary arrest, coma and other neurologic symptoms, myocardial necrosis, and dermal burns are common. Prompt treatment of the acute sequelae, including cardiopulmonary resuscitation, is indicated for survival. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

lightning strip
A strip of metal with abrasive on one side, used to open rough or improper contacts of proximal restorations. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Lignac-Fanconi syndrome
Synonym for cystinosis ... Lysosomal storage disorders of unknown molecular defect, characterised by widespread deposition of cystine crystals in reticuloendothelial cells. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Lignac, G
<person> Dutch paediatrician, 1891-1954. ... See: Lignac-Fanconi syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lignans
A class of dibenzylbutane derivatives which occurs in higher plants and in fluids (bile, serum, urine, etc.) in man and other animals. These compounds, which have a potential anti-cancer role, can be synthesised in vitro by human faecal flora. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

ligneous
Made of wood; consisting of wood; of the nature of, or resembling, wood; woody. 'It should be tried with shoots of vines and roots of red roses; for it may be they, being of a moreligneous nature, will incorporate with the tree itself.' (Bacon) Ligneous marble, wood coated or prepared so as to resemble marble. ... Origin: L. Ligneus, fr. Lignum wood …

ligneous conjunctivitis
Conjunctivitis characterised typically by woody induration of the upper tarsal conjunctiva, whitish pseudomembrane, and, in severe cases, corneal opacity; usually bilateral. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ligneous struma
Synonym for Riedel's thyroiditis ... A rare fibrous induration of the thyroid gland, with adhesion to adjacent structures, which may cause tracheal compression. ... Synonym: chronic fibrous thyroiditis, ligneous struma, ligneous thyroiditis, Riedel's disease, Riedel's struma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ligneous thyroiditis
Synonym for Riedel's thyroiditis ... A rare fibrous induration of the thyroid gland, with adhesion to adjacent structures, which may cause tracheal compression. ... Synonym: chronic fibrous thyroiditis, ligneous struma, ligneous thyroiditis, Riedel's disease, Riedel's struma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lignified
Converted into wood. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

lignin
<plant biology> Organic substance which act as a binder for the cellulose fibres in wood and certain plants and adds strength and stiffness to the cell walls. ... The chemical structure of lignin is composed of a complex polymer of phenylpropanoid subunits, laid down in the walls of plant cells such as xylem vessels and sclerenchyma. It impart …

lignin peroxidase
<enzyme> Requires h2o2; fungal enzyme degrades the lignin model cpd 1-(3',4'-diethoxyphenyl)-1,3-dihydroxy-(4-''-methoxyphenyl)propane (diarylpropropane); also catalyses the oxidation of veratryl alcohol to veratryl aldehyde in the presence of h2o2 ... Registry number: EC 1.11.1.- ... Synonym: diarylpropane oxygenase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

lignin-forming peroxidase
<enzyme> Involved in polymerization of cinnamyl alcohols into lignin;amino acid sequence has been determined for tobacco enzyme ... Registry number: EC 1.11.1.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

ligninase
<enzyme> A haemoprotein from phanerochaete chrysosporium with a variety of lignin-degrading reactions, all dependent on hydrogen peroxide; incorporates molecular oxygen into the products ... Registry number: EC 1.14.99.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

lignoceric acid
CH3(CH2)22COOH;an acid present in one type of sphingolipid and in small amounts in triacylglycerols. ... Synonym: n-tetracosanoic acid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lignoceroyl-CoA ligase
<enzyme> Requires ATP and mg ... Registry number: EC 6.2.1.- ... Synonym: lignoceroyl-coenzyme a ligase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

lignoceroyl-CoA oxidase
<enzyme> Catalyses the beta-oxidation of lignoceroyl-CoA ... Registry number: EC 1.3.3.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

lignophagia
An abnormal chewing and eating of wood, seen in horses in restrictive quarters. ... Origin: L. Lignum, wood, + G. Phago, to eat ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lignotuber
<botany> A woody swelling below or just above the ground, containing adventitious buds from which new shoots develop if the top of the plant is cut or burnt (common in the shrubby eucalypts and in many other fire-tolerant Australian shrubs). ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

lignum-vitae
<botany> A tree (Guaiacum officinale) found in the warm latitudes of America, from which the guaiacum of medicine is procured. Its wood is very hard and heavy, and is used for various mechanical purposes, as for the wheels of ships' blocks, cogs, bearings, and the like. See Guaiacum. ... In New Zealand the Metrosideros buxifolia is called lign …

ligulate
Bearing a ligule, strap-shaped. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

ligule
A strap-shaped structure, a membranous or hairy appendage on the adaxial surface of a leaf, especially in grasses, at the junction between sheath and blade. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

like
1. Having the same, or nearly the same, appearance, qualities, or characteristics; resembling; similar to; similar; alike; often with in and the particulars of the resemblance; as, they are like each other in features, complexion, and many traits of character. ''The as like you As cherry is to cherry.' (Shak) 'Like master, like man.' (Old Prov) 'He …

like this
Well you can follow the link if you like. Now hit the [back] button. ... (13 Nov 1997) ...

likelihood
1. Appearance; show; sign; expression. 'What of his heart perceive you in his face By any likelihood he showed to-day ?' (Shak) ... 2. Likeness; resemblance. 'There is no likelihood between pure light and black darkness, or between righteousness and reprobation.' (Sir W. Raleigh) ... 3. Appearance of truth or reality; probability; verisimilitude. ... …

likelihood functions
Functions constructed from a statistical model and a set of observed data which give the probability of that data for various values of the unknown model parameters. Those parameter values that maximise the probability are the maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Likert scale
A method of measuring attitudes that asks respondents to indicate their degree of agreement or disagreement with statements, according to a three-or five-point scoring system, e.g., 'strongly agree' 'no opinion' or 'strongly disagree.' ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Likert, Rensis
<person> U.S. Social psychologist, *1903. ... See: Likert scale. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...