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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

linoleum
1. Linseed oil brought to various degrees of hardness by some oxidizing process, as by exposure to heated air, or by treatment with chloride of sulphur. In this condition it is used for many of the purposes to which India rubber has been applied. ... 2. A kind of floor cloth made by laying hardened linseed oil mixed with ground cork on a canvas back …

linolic acid
Synonym for linoleic acid ... An essential fatty acid (9, 12, octadecadienoic acid), occurs as a glyceride component in many fats and oils. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

linseed oil
<chemical> The fixed oil obtained from the dried ripe seed of linseed, linum usitatissimum (l. Linaceae). It is used as an emollient in liniments, pastes, and medicinal soaps, and in veterinary medicine as a laxative. It is also called flaxseed oil. ... Pharmacological action: cathartic, emollients. ... Chemical name: Linseed oil ... (12 Dec 199 …

lint
A soft, absorbent material used in surgical dressings, usually in the form of a thick, loosely woven material (sheet or patent lint). ... Origin: O.E. Lin, flax ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

linuron
<chemical> A selective pre- and post-emergence herbicide. ... Pharmacological action: herbicides, urea. ... Chemical name: Urea, N'-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-N-methoxy-N-methyl- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

linustatinase
<enzyme> Catalyses hydrolysis of linustatin to linamarin ... Registry number: EC 3.2.1.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

lio-
See: leio-. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lion
1. <zoology> A large carnivorous feline mammal (Felis leo), found in Southern Asia and in most parts of Africa, distinct varieties occurring in the different countries. The adult male, in most varieties, has a thick mane of long shaggy hair that adds to his apparent size, which is less than that of the largest tigers. The length, however, is …

lion-jaw bone-holding forceps
A sturdy forceps with strong sharp teeth in the jaws, used for holding bone fragments. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lions
Large chiefly nocturnal mammals of the cat family felidae, species panthera leo. They are found in africa and southern asia. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

liotrix
A mixture of liothyronine sodium and levothyroxine sodium; used as a thyroid hormone. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lip
1. One of the two fleshy folds which surround the orifice of the mouth in man and many other animals. In man the lips are organs of speech essential to certain articulations. Hence, by a figure they denote the mouth, or all the organs of speech, and sometimes speech itself. 'Thine own lips testify against thee.' (Jeb xv. 6) ... 2. An edge of an open …

lip and leg ulceration
Synonym for ulcerative dermatosis ... An infectious disease of sheep characterised by crusted ulcers on the skin of the face, feet, and external genitalia; thought to be caused by the orf virus. ... Synonym: lip and leg ulceration. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lip bumper
<dentistry> A lip bumper is used to push the molars on your lower jaw back to create more space for other teeth. The lip bumper consists of an arch wire which is attached to a moulded piece of plastic. You mount the arch wire in the buccal tubes on your lower jaw, and plastic piece rests against your lips. When you eat or talk, you push the p …

lip pits
Malformations of the lip seen in unilateral or bilateral depressions or fistulae. May be hereditary or associated with cleft lip and/or palate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lip reflex
A pouting movement of the lips provoked in young infants by tapping near the angle of the mouth. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lip sulcus
Synonym for labial sulcus ... A furrow between the developing lip and gum. ... Synonym: labiodental sulcus, lip sulcus, primary labial groove. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lipaemia
<biochemistry> Presence of an abnormally high amount of lipid in the bloodstream. ... Origin: Gr. Haima = blood ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

lipaemia retinalis
A creamy appearance of the retinal blood vessels that occurs when the lipids of the blood exceed 5%. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lipaemic
Relating to lipaemia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lipaemic retinopathy
A milkiness of the retinal vessels (lipaemia retinalis) combined with hard-edged fatty exudates, seen in patients with diabetic acidosis and hyperlipaemia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lipancreatin
Synonym for pancrelipase ... <chemical> Preparation of hog pancreas containing lipolytic enzymes ... Synonym: cotazyme, viokase, pancrenase, creon ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

liparocele
An omental hernia. ... Origin: G. Liparos, fatty, + kele, tumour, hernia ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lipase
<enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of fats (monoglycerides, diglycerides and triglycerides) to glycerol and fatty acids. Calcium ions are usually required. ... (13 Nov 1997) ...

lipase test
A diagnostic test based on the measurement of lipase in blood and urine as an indicator of pancreatic disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lipectomy
<procedure> Removal of localised subcutaneous fat deposits by suction curettage or blunt cannulization in the cosmetic correction of obesity and other esthetic contour defects. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

lipedema
Chronic swelling, usually of the lower extremities, particularly in middle-aged women, caused by the widespread even distribution of subcutaneous fat and fluid. ... Origin: Lipo-+ G. Oidema, swelling ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lipedematous alopecia
Alopecia with itching, soreness, or tenderness of the scalp in adult negro women; the scalp is thickened and soft, subcutaneous fat is increased, and the hair is sparse and short. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lipemia
Synonym for lipaemia ... <biochemistry> Presence of an abnormally high amount of lipid in the bloodstream. ... Origin: Gr. Haima = blood ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

lipid
<chemical> Any of a heterogeneous group of flats and fatlike substances characterised by being water insoluble and being extractable by nonpolar (or fat) solvents such as alcohol, ether, chloroform, benzene, etc. All contain as a major constituent aliphatic hydrocarbons. The lipids, which are easily stored in the body, serve as a source of fu …

lipid A
The lipid associated with polysaccharide in the lipopolysaccharide of gram-negative bacterial cell walls. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

lipid A 4'-phosphatase
<enzyme> Involved in lipid a biosynthesis in rhizobium leguminosarum ... Registry number: EC 3.1.3.- ... Synonym: 2-keto-3-deoxyoctulosonate-activated 4'-phosphatase, kdo-activated lipid a 4'-phosphatase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

lipid A disaccharide synthase
<enzyme> Udp-diacyl-n-acetylglucosamine plus 2,3-diacyl-n-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate yields 2',3'-diacyl-glcn-(beta 1-6)-2,3-diacyl-glcn-1-p plus udp ... Registry number: EC 2.4.1.182 ... Synonym: 2,3-diacyl-n-acetylglucosamine diacyl-n-acetylglucosaminyltransferse, lipid a synthase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

lipid bilayer
Synonym for phospholipid bilayer ... <biochemistry> A lamellar organisation of phospholipids that are packed as a bilayer with hydrophobic acyl tails inwardly directed and polar head groups on the outside surfaces. ... It is this bilayer that forms the basis of membranes in cells, though in most cellular membranes a very substantial proportion …

lipid bilayers
Layers of lipid molecules which are two molecules thick. Bilayer systems are frequently studied as models of biological membranes. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

lipid granulomatosis
Synonym for xanthomatosis ... <dermatology, pathology> An accumulation of an excess of lipids in the body due to disturbance of lipid metabolism and marked by the formation of foam cells in skin lesions. ... (16 Dec 1997) ...

lipid histiocytosis
Histiocytosis with cytoplasmic accumulation of lipid, either phospholipid (Niemann-Pick disease) or glucocerebroside (Gaucher's disease). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lipid keratopathy
Occurrence of fats in an area of corneal vascularization. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lipid mobilization
The breakdown of stored triglyceride in adipose tissue with the release of free fatty acids and glycerol. Depot fat hydrolysis is catalyzed by a lipase in response to pituitary lipid mobilization factors (lmf), various hormones, serotonin, or hepatotoxins such as carbon tetrachloride. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

lipid peroxidation
Peroxidase catalyzed oxidation of lipids using hydrogen peroxide as an electron acceptor. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

lipid pneumonia
Lipoid pneumonia, pulmonary condition marked by inflammatory and fibrotic changes in the lungs due to the inhalation of various oily or fatty substances, particularly liquid petrolatum, or resulting from accumulation in the lungs of endogenous lipid material, either cholesterol from obstructive pneumonitis or following fracture of a bone; phagocyte …

lipid profile
Pattern of lipids in the blood. (A lipid profile usually includes the total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (hdl) cholesterol, triglycerides, and the calculated low density lipoprotein (ldl) cholesterol. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

lipid storage diseases
A series of disorders due to inborn errors in lipid metabolism resulting in the abnormal accumulation of lipids in the wrong places (examples include gaucher, fabry and niemann-pick diseases and metachromatic leukodystrophy). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

lipid-mobilizing hormone
Synonym for lipotropin ... <protein> Polypeptide hormone (_ form: 9894D, 91 residues, _ form has only residues 1-58 of _) from the pituitary hypophysis, that is of particular interest because it is the precursor of endorphins, which are released by proteolysis. Promotes lipolysis and acts through the adenylyl cyclase system. Part of the ACTH g …

lipidemia
Synonym for lipaemia ... <biochemistry> Presence of an abnormally high amount of lipid in the bloodstream. ... Origin: Gr. Haima = blood ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

lipidolytic
Causing breakdown of lipid. ... Origin: Lipid + G. Lysis, loosening ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lipidoses
Storage diseases in which the missing enzyme is one that degrades sphingolipids sphingomyelin, ceramides, gangliosides). In Tay Sachs disease the lesion is in hexosiminidase A, an enzyme that degrades ganglioside Gm2, in Gaucher's disease, glucocerebrosidase, in Niemann-Pick disease, sphingomyelinase. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

lipidosis
Hereditary abnormality of lipid metabolism that results in abnormal amounts of lipid deposition; classification is typically based on the responsible enzymatic deficiency and type of lipid involved. Such enzymatic activity takes place in the lysosomes, and the abnormal products appear as lysosomal storage diseases. Sphingolipidoses make up the larg …

lipids
Biological molecules soluble in apolar solvents, but only very slightly soluble in water. They are an heterogenous group (being defined only on the basis of solubility) and include fats, waxes and terpenes. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

lipids and antilipaemic agents
A collective grouping for lipids and substances that maintain normal blood lipid levels. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Lipmann, Fritz
<person> German-U.S. Biochemist in the U.S. And Nobel laureate, 1899-1986. ... See: Warburg-Lipmann-Dickens-Horecker shunt. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lipo-
Fatty, lipid. ... Origin: G. Lipos, fat ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lipoamide
<biochemistry> The functional form of lipoic acid in which the carboxyl group is attached to protein by an amide linkage to a lysine amino group. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

lipoamide dehydrogenase
<enzyme> An enzyme that regenerates lipoamide from the reduced form dihydrolipoamide. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

lipoamide disulfide
Oxidised lipoic acid in amide combination with the &vepsilon;-amino group of an l-lysyl residue of pyruvic acid dehydrogenase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lipoamide reductase
Synonym for dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase ... <enzyme> An enzyme oxidizing dihydrolipoamide at the expense of NAD+; completes the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate; a part of several enzyme complexes (e.g., alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex). Decreased activity leads to neuronal loss in brain resulting in psychomotor retardation.< …

lipoarthritis
Inflammation of the periarticular fatty tissues of the knee. ... Origin: Lipo-+ arthritis ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lipoate
A vitamin needed by some bacteriawhich is an intermediate carrier foracyl groups and hydrogens in alpha-keto acid dehydrogenases. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

lipoate acetyltransferase
Synonym for dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase ... <enzyme> Part of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex; acef isolated from e. Coli ... Registry number: EC 2.3.1.12 ... Synonym: dihydrolipoyl transacetylase, lipoate acetyltransferase, dihydrolipoyl acetyltransferase, acef gene product ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

lipoate-protein ligase
<enzyme> Involved in post-translation modification by n6-lipoylation of lysine residues of the lipoate acyltransferase subunits of 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase and pyruvate dehydrogenase complexes ... Registry number: EC 6.3.2.- ... Synonym: lipoyl-protein ligase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

lipoatrophia
Synonym for lipoatrophy ... Loss of subcutaneous fat, which may be total, congenital, and associated with hepatomegaly, excessive bone growth, and insulin-resistant diabetes. ... Synonym: Lawrence-Seip syndrome, lipoatrophia, lipoatrophic diabetes. ... Origin: G. Lipos, fat, + a-, priv. + trophe, nourishment ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lipoatrophia annularis
A rare condition of unknown cause characterised by localised panatrophy, a depressed area encircling the arm with sclerosis and atrophy of fat. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lipoatrophia circumscripta
Localised fat atrophy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lipoatrophic diabetes
Synonym for lipoatrophy ... Loss of subcutaneous fat, which may be total, congenital, and associated with hepatomegaly, excessive bone growth, and insulin-resistant diabetes. ... Synonym: Lawrence-Seip syndrome, lipoatrophia, lipoatrophic diabetes. ... Origin: G. Lipos, fat, + a-, priv. + trophe, nourishment ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lipoatrophy
Loss of subcutaneous fat, which may be total, congenital, and associated with hepatomegaly, excessive bone growth, and insulin-resistant diabetes. ... Synonym: Lawrence-Seip syndrome, lipoatrophia, lipoatrophic diabetes. ... Origin: G. Lipos, fat, + a-, priv. + trophe, nourishment ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lipoblast
An embryonic fat cell. ... Origin: Lipo-+ G. Blastos, germ ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lipoblastic lipoma
Synonym for liposarcoma ... A malignant tumour derived from primitive or embryonal lipoblastic cells. It may be composed of well-differentiated fat cells or may be dedifferentiated: myxoid (liposarcoma, myxoid), round-celled, or pleomorphic, usually in association with a rich network of capillaries. Recurrences are common and dedifferentiated liposa …

lipoblastoma
<tumour> A benign subcutaneous tumour composed of embryonal fat cells separated into distinct lobules, occurring usually in infants. ... Synonym: liposarcoma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lipoblastomatosis
A diffuse form of lipoblastoma that infiltrates locally but does not metastasize. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lipocalin
<protein> Family of proteins that transport small, hydrophobic molecules, such as retinol, porphyrins, odourants. Characterised by two orthogonally stranded _ sheets. ... Examples: _ 1 microglobulin, purpurin, orosomucoid. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

lipocardiac
1. Relating to fatty heart. ... 2. Denoting a person suffering from fatty degeneration of the heart. ... Origin: Lipo-+ G. Kardia, heart ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lipocatabolic
Relating to the breakdown (catabolism) of fat. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lipoceratous
Synonym for adipoceratous ... Relating to adipocere. ... Synonym: lipoceratous. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lipocere
Synonym: adipocere. ... Origin: Lipo-+ L. Cera, wax ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lipochondria
Temporary storage vacuoles of lipids found in the Golgi apparatus. ... See: phytosterolaemia. ... Origin: Lipo-+ mitochondria ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lipochondrodystrophy
Synonym for Hurler's syndrome ... <syndrome> Mucopolysaccharidosis in which there is a deficiency of alpha-l-iduronidase, an accumulation of an abnormal intracellular material, and excretion of dermatan sulfate and heparan sulfate in the urine; with severe abnormality in development of skeletal cartilage and bone, with dwarfism, kyphosis, defo …

lipochrome
1. A pigmented lipid, e.g., lutein, carotene. ... 2. A term sometimes used to designate the wear-and-tear pigments, e.g., lipofuscin, haemofuscin, ceroid. More precisely, lipochrome's are yellow pigments that seem to be identical to carotene and xanthophyll and are frequently found in the serum, skin, adrenal cortex, corpus luteum, and arteriosclero …

lipoclasis
Synonym: lipolysis. ... Origin: Lipo-+ G. Klasis, a breaking ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lipoclastic
Synonym for lipolytic ... Relating to or causing lipolysis. ... Synonym: lipoclastic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lipocortin
<protein> The name given to calcium-binding proteins believed to be secreted by macrophages that acts as an inhibitor of phospholipase A2 enzymes and has a possible role in mediating the antiinflammatry effects of steroids. Lipocortins are identified as proteins of the annexin class and their extracellular role is in some doubt. ... (18 Nov 19 …

lipocrit
An apparatus and procedure for separating and volumetrically analyzing the amount of lipid in blood or other body fluid. ... Origin: Lipo-+ G. Krino, to separate ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lipocyte
Synonym: fat-storing cell. ... Origin: Lipo-+ G. Kytos, cell ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lipodermoid
Congenital, yellowish-white, fatty, benign tumour located subconjunctivally. ... Origin: Lipo-+ dermoid ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lipodieresis
Synonym: lipolysis. ... Origin: Lipo-+ G. Dieresis, division ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lipodystrophia intestinalis
An obsolete term for Whipple's disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lipodystrophia progessiva superior
Synonym for progressive lipodystrophy ... A condition characterised by a complete loss of the subcutaneous fat of the upper part of the torso, the arms, neck, and face, sometimes with an increase of fat in the tissues about and below the pelvis. ... Synonym: Barraquer's disease, lipodystrophia progessiva superior, partial lipoatrophy, Simons' disease …

lipodystrophy
1. <biochemistry> Any disturbance of fat metabolism. ... 2. A group of conditions due to defective metabolism of fat, resulting in the absence of subcutaneous fat, which may be congenital or acquired and partial or total. ... Synonym: lipoatrophy, lipodystrophia. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

lipoedema
Oedema of subcutaneous fat, causing painful swellings, especially of the legs in women. ... Synonym: cellulite. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lipofectin
A mixture predominantly of phospholipids used for aiding in the transfer of DNA into cells. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lipofection
The process of injecting a lipid-complexed or contained DNA into eucaryotic cells. ... Origin: Lipo-+ transfection ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lipoferous
Transporting fat. ... Origin: Lipo-+ L. Fero, to carry ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lipofibroma
<tumour> A benign neoplasm of fibrous connective tissue, with conspicuous numbers of adipose cells. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lipofuscin
<protein> Brown pigment characteristic of ageing. Found in lysosomes and is the product of peroxidation of unsaturated fatty acids and symptomatic, perhaps, of membrane damage rather than being deleterious in its own right. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

lipofuscinosis
Abnormal storage of any one of a group of fatty pigments. ... Ceroid lipofuscinosis, cerebral sphingolipidosis, late juvenile type. ... Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, a group of diseases characterised by accumulation of abnormal pigments in tissue (previously classified as cerebral sphingolipidoses). Major subtypes include chronic juvenile form (Bat …

lipogenesis
The production of fat, either fatty degeneration or fatty infiltration; also applied to the normal deposition of fat or to the conversion of carbohydrate or protein to fat. ... Synonym: adipogenesis. ... Origin: Lipo-+ G. Genesis, production ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lipogenic
Relating to lipogenesis. ... Synonym: adipogenic, adipogenous, lipogenous. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lipogenous
Synonym for lipogenic ... Relating to lipogenesis. ... Synonym: adipogenic, adipogenous, lipogenous. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lipogenous diabetes
Diabetes and obesity combined. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lipogranuloma
A nodule or focus of granulomatous inflammation (usually of the foreign-body type) in association with lipid material deposited in tissues, e.g., after the injection of certain oils. ... See: paraffinoma. ... Synonym: eleoma, oil tumour, oleogranuloma, oleoma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lipogranulomatosis
1. Presence of lipogranulomas. ... 2. Local inflammatory reaction to necrosis of adipose tissue. ... Disseminated lipogranulomatosis, a form of mucolipodosis, developing soon after birth because of deficiency of ceramidase; characterised by swollen joints, subcutaneous nodules, lymphadenopathy, and accumulation in lysosomes of affected cells of PAS-p …