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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary
Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary
Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK
Words: 116197
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logicThe science that investigates the principles governing correct or reliable inference and deals with the canons and criteria of validity in thought and demonstration. This system of reasoning is applicable to any branch of knowledge or study. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
logistic curveAn S-shaped curve which depicts the growth of a population in an area of fixed limits. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
logistic modelA statistical model; in epidemiology, a model of risk as a function of exposure to a risk factor. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
logistic modelsStatistical models which describe the relationship between a qualitative dependent variable (that is, one which can take only certain discrete values, such as the presence or absence of a disease) and an independent variable. A common application is in epidemiology for estimating an individual's risk (probability of a disease) as a function of a gi …
logistical1. Logical. ... 2. <mathematics> Sexagesimal, or made on the scale of 60; as, logistic, or sexagesimal, arithmetic. Logistic, or Proportional, logarithms, certain logarithmic numbers used to shorten the calculation of the fourth term of a proportion of which one of the terms is a given constant quantity, commonly one hour, while the other term …
logitThe logarithm of the ratio of frequencies of two different categorical and mutually exclusive outcomes such as healthy and sick. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
logit transformationA method of linearizing dose-response curves for radioimmunoassay techniques; i.e., Logit B (bound)/Bo(initial binding) = Log (B/Bo/1-B/Bo). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
lognormal distributionIf a variable y is such that x = log y, it is said to have a lognormal distribution; this is a skew distribution. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
logo-Speech, words. ... Origin: G. Logos, word, discourse ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
logopathyAny speech disorder. ... Origin: Logo-+ G. Pathos, suffering ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
logopediaSynonym for logopedics ... A branch of science concerned with the physiology and pathology of the organs of speech and with the correction of speech defects. ... Synonym: logopedia. ... Origin: Logo-+ G. Pais (paid-), child ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
logopedicsA branch of science concerned with the physiology and pathology of the organs of speech and with the correction of speech defects. ... Synonym: logopedia. ... Origin: Logo-+ G. Pais (paid-), child ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
logoplegiaParalysis of the organs of speech. ... Origin: Logo-+ G. Plege, stroke ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
logorrhoeaRarely used term for abnormal or pathologic talkativeness or garrulousness. ... Origin: Logo-+ G. Rhoia, a flow ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
logospasmSynonym: stuttering, explosive speech. ... Origin: Logo-+ G. Spasmos, spasm ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
logotherapyA form of psychotherapy which places special emphasis on the patient's spiritual life and on the physician as 'medical minister.' ... Origin: Logo-+ G. Therapeia, cure ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
logwoodThe heartwood of a tree (Haematoxylon Campechianum), a native of South America, It is a red, heavy wood, containing a crystalline substance called haematoxylin, and is used largely in dyeing. An extract from this wood is used in medicine as an astringent. Also called Campeachy wood, and bloodwood. ... Origin: So called from being imported in logs.
Lohlein-Baehr lesion
Focal embolic glomerulonephritis occurring in bacterial endocarditis. ... Synonym: Baehr-Lohlein lesion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Lohmann reaction
The reaction catalyzed by creatine kinase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
loiasis
A parasitic infection caused by the nematode loa loa. The vector in the transmission of this infection is the horsefly (tabanus) or the deerfly or mango fly (chrysops). The larvae may be seen just beneath the skin or passing through the conjunctiva. Eye lesions are not uncommon. The disease is generally mild and painless. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
loin
The portion of the lower back from just below the ribs to the pelvis. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
Lok
Synonym for Luer-Lok syringe ... luer syringe ...
loliism
<pharmacology> Poisoning by the seeds of a grass, Lolium temulentum (in the form of flour made into bread), characterised by giddiness, tremor, green vision, dilated pupils, prostration, and sometimes vomiting. ... Origin: L. Lolium, darnel, tares ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
lolium
<botany> Common member of the gramineae family used as cattle fodder. It harbors several fungi and other parasites toxic to livestock and people and produces allergenic compounds, especially in its pollen. The most commonly seen varieties are l. Perenne, l. Multiflorum, and l. Rigidum. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
lomasome
<cell biology> Membranous structure, often containing internal membranes, located between the plasma membrane and cell wall of plant cells. Included in the more general term, paramural body. ... Origin: Gr. Soma = body ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
Lombard voice-reflex test
The observation of fluctuations in the intensity of a patient's voice when a masking noise is increased or decreased; a test useful in assessing functional hearing loss. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Lombard, Etienne
<person> French physician, 1868-1920. ... See: Lombard voice-reflex test. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
lomentum
<botany> A legume having distinct constrictions or lines of abscission between the seeds and breaking into one-seeded segments when mature. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
lomustine
<chemical> 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea. An alkylating agent of value against both haematologic malignancies and solid tumours. ... Pharmacological action: antineoplastic agent. ... Chemical name: Urea, N-(2-chloroethyl)-N'-cyclohexyl-N-nitroso- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
Lon protease
<enzyme> An enzyme that degrades a bacterial protein and stops cell division until chromosomal repair is completed. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
london
The capital city of England. ... <medicine> London paste, a paste made of caustic soda and unslacked lime; used as a caustic to destroy tumours and other morbid enlargements. London pride. ... <botany> A cruciferous plant (Sisymbrium Irio) which sprung up in London abundantly on the ruins of the great fire of 1667. ... Source: Websters Dic …
london dispersion forces
<chemistry> The forces that exist in nonpolar molecules that involve an accidental dipole that induces a momentary dipole in a neighbor. ... (09 Jan 1998) ...
London forces
Synonym for van der Waals' forces ... First postulated by van der Waals in 1873 to explain deviations from ideal gas behaviour seen in real gases; the attractive force's between atoms or molecules other than electrostatic (ionic), covalent (sharing of electrons), or hydrogen bonding (sharing a proton); generally ascribed to dipolar and dispersion ef …
London, Fritz
<person> German-U.S. Physicist, 1900-1954. ... See: London forces. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
lone
1. Being without a companion; being by one's self; also, sad from lack of companionship; lonely; as, a lone traveler or watcher. 'When I have on those pathless wilds a appeared, And the lone wanderer with my presence cheered.' (Shenstone) ... 2. Single; unmarried, or in widowhood. 'Queen Elizabeth being a lone woman.' (Collection of Records (1642)) …
loneliness
The state of feeling sad or dejected as a result of lack of companionship or being separated from others. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
lonely
1. Sequestered from company or neighbors; solitary; retired; as, a lonely situation; a lonely cell. ... 2. Alone, or in want of company; forsaken. 'To the misled and lonely traveler.' (Milton) ... 3. Not frequented by human beings; as, a lonely wood. ... 4. Having a feeling of depression or sadness resulting from the consciousness of being alone; lone …
long
1. Drawn out in a line, or in the direction of length; protracted; extended; as, a long line; opposed to short, and distinguished from broad or wide. ... 2. Drawn out or extended in time; continued through a considerable tine, or to a great length; as, a long series of events; a long debate; a long drama; a long history; a long book. ... 3. Slow in p …
long abductor muscle of thumb
Synonym for abductor pollicis longus ... <anatomy> Origin, interosseous membrane and posterior surfaces of radius and ulna; insertion, lateral side of base of first metacarpal bone; action, abducts and assists in extending thumb; nerve supply, radial. ... Synonym: musculus abductor pollicis longus, long abductor muscle of thumb, musculus extens …
long adductor muscle
Synonym for adductor longus ... <anatomy, muscle> Origin, symphysis and crest of pubis; insertion, middle third of medial lip of linea aspera of femur; action, adducts, flexes and laterally rotates the thigh; nerve supply, obturator. ... Synonym: musculus adductor longus, long adductor muscle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
long axis
A line extending through the centre of an object lengthwise; in dentistry, the line extending inciso-(occluso-) cervically parallel to axial surfaces of a tooth. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
long axis of body
Synonym for cephalocaudal axis ... long axis of body ...
long axis view
In echocardiography, a projection parallel to the interventricular septum of the heart; four-chamber view. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
long bone
One of the elongated bones of the extremities, consisting of a tubular shaft (diaphysis) and two extremities (epiphyses) usually wider than the shaft; the shaft is composed of compact bone surrounding a central medullary cavity. ... Compare: short bone. ... Synonym: os longum, pipe bone. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
long buccal nerve
Synonym for buccal nerve ... <anatomy, nerve> A sensory branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve; it passes downward emerging from beneath the ramus of the mandible to run forward on the buccinator muscle, piercing (but not supplying) it to supply the buccal mucous membrane and skin of the cheek near the angle of the mouth. …
long central artery
<anatomy, artery> Long posterior ciliary artery, one of two branches of the ophthalmic running forward between the sclerotic and choroid coats to the iris, at the outer and inner margins of which they form by anastomosis two circles. ... Synonym: arteria ciliaris posterior longa, medial striate artery. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
long chain
In bacteriology, a continuous line of more than eight cells. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
long ciliary nerve
<anatomy, nerve> One of two or three branches of the nasociliary nerve, which by-pass the ciliary ganglion, supplying post-synaptic sympathetic fibres for the dilator pupillae muscle and sensory fibres for the ciliary muscles, iris, and cornea. ... Synonym: nervus ciliaris longus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
long cone technique
The use of a cone distance of 14 inches or more in making oral roentgenographs. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
long crus of incus
The process of the incus that articulates with the stapes. ... Synonym: crus longum incudis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
long extensor muscle of great toe
Synonym for extensor hallucis longus ... <anatomy, muscle> Origin, lateral surface of tibia and interosseous membrane; insertion, base of distal phalanx of great toe; action, extends the great toe; nerve supply, anterior tibial. ... Synonym: musculus extensor hallucis longus, long extensor muscle of great toe. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
long extensor muscle of thumb
Synonym for extensor pollicis longus ... <anatomy, muscle> Origin, posterior surface of ulna; insertion, base of distal phalanx of thumb; action, extends distal phalanx of thumb; nerve supply, radial. ... Synonym: musculus extensor pollicis longus, long extensor muscle of thumb, musculus extensor longus pollicis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
long extensor muscle of toes
Synonym for extensor digitorum longus ... <anatomy, muscle> Origin, lateral condyle of tibia, upper two-thirds of anterior margin of fibula; insertion, by four tendons to the dorsal surfaces of the bases of the proximal, middle, and distal phalanges of the second to fifth toes; action, extends the four lateral toes; nerve supply, deep branch o …
long fibular muscle
Synonym for peroneus longus ... <anatomy, muscle> Origin, upper two-thirds of outer surface of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia; insertion, by tendon passing behind lateral malleolus and across sole of foot to medial cuneiform and base of first metatarsal; action, plantar flexes and everts foot; nerve supply, superficial peroneal. ... Synony …
long flexor muscle of great toe
Synonym for flexor hallucis longus ... <anatomy, muscle> Origin, lower two-thirds of posterior surface of fibula; insertion, base of distal phalanx of great toe; action, flexes great toe; nerve supply, medial plantar. ... Synonym: musculus flexor hallucis longus, long flexor muscle of great toe, musculus flexor longus hallucis. ... (05 Mar 2000) …
long flexor muscle of thumb
Synonym for flexor pollicis longus ... <anatomy, muscle> Origin, anterior surface of middle third of radius; insertion, distal phalanx of thumb; action, flexes distal phalanx of thumb; nerve supply, median palmar interosseous. ... Synonym: musculus flexor pollicis longus, long flexor muscle of thumb, musculus flexor longus pollicis. ... (05 Mar …
long flexor muscle of toes
Synonym for flexor digitorum longus ... <anatomy, muscle> Origin, middle third of posterior surface of tibia; insertion, by four tendons, perforating those of the flexor brevis, into bases of distal phalanges of four lateral toes; action, flexes second to fifth toes; nerve supply, tibial nerve. ... Synonym: musculus flexor digitorum longus, lon …
long gyrus of insula
The most posterior and longest of the slender straight gyri that compose the insula. ... Synonym: gyrus longus insulae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
long head
The head that has the more proximal origin. Nomina Anatomica lists long heads (caput longum...) of the following: 1) biceps brachii muscle (... Musculi bicipitis brachii ); 2) biceps femoris muscle (... Musculi bicipitis femoris ); 3) triceps brachii muscle (... Musculi tricipitis brachii ). ... Synonym: caput longum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
long head of triceps
<anatomy, muscle> Origin, infraglenoid tuberosity of scapula; insertion, posterior and upper olecranon and fascia of the forearm; action, extends and adducts arm. ... (06 Mar 2000) ...
long incubation hepatitis
Outdated name for hepatitis B based on the longer incubation period (generally 30-180 days, usually 60-90) compared to hepatitis A (15-45 days, mean 30). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
long interspersed elements
Long repetitive sequences in DNA with terminal repeats seen in human and mouse DNA. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
long levatores costarum muscles
Insertion, the second rib below their origin; action, raise ribs; nerve supply, intercostal. ... Synonym: musculi levatores costarum longi. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
long muscle of head
Synonym for longus capitis ... <anatomy, muscle> Origin, anterior tubercles of transverse processes of third to sixth cervical vertebrae; insertion, basilar process of occipital bone; action, twists or flexes neck anteriorly; nerve supply, cervical plexus. ... Synonym: musculus longus capitis, long muscle of head, musculus rectus capitis anticu …
long muscle of neck
Synonym for longus colli muscle ... <anatomy> Medial part: origin, the bodies of the third thoracic to the fifth cervical vertebrae; insertion, the bodies of the second to fourth cervical vertebrae; superolateral part: origin, the anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the third to fifth cervical vertebrae; insertion, the anterior t …
long palmar muscle
Synonym for palmaris longus ... <anatomy, muscle> Origin, medial epicondyle of humerus; insertion, flexor retinaculum of wrist and palmar fascia; action, makes palmar fascia tense and flexes the hand and forearm; is absent about 20% of the time; when tensed, its tendon stands out sharply at the wrist and overlies the median nerve; nerve supply …
long peroneal muscle
Synonym for peroneus longus ... <anatomy, muscle> Origin, upper two-thirds of outer surface of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia; insertion, by tendon passing behind lateral malleolus and across sole of foot to medial cuneiform and base of first metatarsal; action, plantar flexes and everts foot; nerve supply, superficial peroneal. ... Synony …
long plantar ligament
<anatomy> A strong ligament that extends from the calcaneus to the cuboid and lateral metatarsals on the plantar aspect of the foot; part of the passive support system for maintaining the longitudinal arch of the foot. ... Synonym: ligamentum plantare longum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
long process of malleus
Synonym for anterior process of malleus ... A slender spur running anteriorward from the neck of the malleus toward the petrotympanic fissure. ... Synonym: processus anterior mallei, Folli's process, follian process, long process of malleus, processus gracilis, processus ravii, Rau's process, Ravius' process, slender process of malleus. ... (05 Mar 20 …
long pulse
A pulse in which the impact is felt longer than usual. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
long QT syndrome
<cardiology, physiology, syndrome> A syndrome characterised by history of syncopal episodes and a long qt interval, sometimes leading to sudden death due to paroxysmal ventricular arrhythmia. ... When associated with autosomal recessive inheritance and congenital deafness, it is called the jervell-lange nielsen syndrome. ... When associated wit …
long root of ciliary ganglion
Synonym for sensory root of ciliary ganglion ... Sensory fibres passing from the eyeball through the ciliary ganglion to their cell bodies in the trigeminal ganglion via the nasociliary nerve. ... Synonym: radix sensoria ganglii ciliaris, ramus communicans nervi nasociliaris cum ganglio ciliari, radix nasociliaris, long root of ciliary ganglion, naso …
long saphenous nerve
Synonym for saphenous nerve ... <anatomy, nerve> A branch of the femoral, extending from the femoral triangle to the foot, becoming subcutaneous on the medial side of the knee; it supplies cutaneous branches to the skin of the leg and foot, by way of infrapatellar and medial crural branches. ... Synonym: nervus saphenus, internal saphenous nerv …
long saphenous vein
Synonym for great saphenous vein ... <anatomy, vein> Formed by the union of the dorsal vein of the great toe and the dorsal venous arch of the foot, ascends in front of the medial malleolus, behind the medial condyle of the femur, and traverses the saphenois hiatus in the fascia lata to empty into the femoral vein in the upper part of the femo …
long sight
Synonym for hyperopia ... Farsightedness or hyperopia occurs when a refractive error in which light rays entering the eye are focused behind the retina. This condition is easily corrected with corrective lenses or contact lenses. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...
long subscapular nerve
Synonym for thoracodorsal nerve ... <anatomy, nerve> Arises from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus; it contains fibres from the sixth, seventh, and eighth cervical nerves and supplies the latissimus dorsi muscle. ... Synonym: nervus thoracodorsalis, long subscapular nerve. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
long terminal repeat sequences
Regions of the RNA genome associated with regulation, integration, and expression of retroviruses. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
long thoracic artery
Synonym for lateral thoracic artery ... <anatomy, artery> Origin, axillary; distribution, muscles of chest and mammary gland. ... Synonym: arteria thoracica lateralis, external mammary artery, long thoracic artery. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
long thoracic nerve
<anatomy, nerve> Arises from the fifth, sixth, and seventh cervical nerves (roots of brachial plexus), descends the neck behind the brachial plexus, and is distributed to the serratus anterior muscle; it is somewhat unusual in that it courses on the superficial aspect of the muscle is supplies; its paralysis results in 'winged scapula'. ... Sy …
long thoracic vein
<anatomy, vein> Incorrect term for lateral thoracic vein. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
long ton
(shipping ton) 2,240 pounds. Commonly used in Great Britain. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...
long vinculum
A long, threadlike band that extends from the dorsal surface of each of the flexor tendons of a digit to the proximal phalanx. ... Synonym: vinculum longum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
long-acting thyroid stimulator
<endocrinology, immunology> A thyroid stimulating antibody which is directed against a receptor for TSH on the thyroid gland. ... This antibody acts like TSH and stimulates the thyroid to produce excessive amounts of thyroid hormone. The presence of this antibody generally indicates Grave's disease (hyperthyroidism). ... Acronym: LATS ... (15 No …
long-chain-acyl-CoA dehydrogenase
<enzyme> Flavoprotein; forms with another flavoprotein plus EC 1.5.5.1 a system reducing ubiquinone and other acceptors ... Registry number: EC 1.3.99.- ... Synonym: lc-acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, long-chain-acyl-coenzyme a dehydrogenase, very-long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, vlcad ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
long-chain-alcohol dehydrogenase
<enzyme> Catalyses reversibly the oxidation of a long-chain alcohol in the presence of nad to a long-chain acid anion and NADH ... Registry number: EC 1.1.1.192 ... Synonym: fatty alcohol-nad+ oxidoreductase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase
<enzyme> Fatty acid thiokinase (long-chain), a ligase forming acyl-CoA, AMP, and pyrophosphate from long-chain fatty acids, ATP, and coenzyme A. Activity is independent of phosphatidylcholine ... Registry number: EC 6.2.1.3 ... Synonym: acyl-activating enzyme, dodecanoyl-CoA synthetase, fatty acid thiokinase (long chain), acid-coenzyme a ligase …
long-day plant
<botany> A plant that requires more than 12 hours of daylight before flowering will occur. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
long-leg arthropathy
A degenerative joint disease that develops, after many years, in the knee of the longer leg of a person with unequal leg lengths. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
long-term care
Care over an extended period, usually for a chronic condition or disability, requiring periodic, intermittent, or continuous care. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
long-term memory
That phase of the memory process considered the permanent storehouse of information which has been registered, encoded, passed into the short-term memory, coded, rehearsed, and finally transferred and stored for future retrieval; material and information retained in LTM underlies cognitive abilities. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
long-term nonprogressor
An individual who has been infected with HIV for at least seven to twelve years (different authors use different timespans) and yet retains a CD4 cell count within the normal range. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
long-term potentiation
<physiology> Increase in the strength of transmission at a synapse with repetitive use that lasts for more than a few minutes. ... As a form of long term synaptic plasticity it is important as a possible cellular mechanism for the basis of learning and memory storage. It has been studied most extensively at excitatory synapses onto principal n …
long-term productivity
The capacity of a site to support forest ecosystems over generations of humans and trees as measured against some defined reference. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...
long-term survival
<oncology> Term used to describe the survival of leukaemia patients who have been disease free for prolonged periods of time, usually at least five years. The chance of disease returning (relapse) decreases with time. ... (13 Nov 1997) ...
long-terminal repeat
<molecular biology> Identical DNA sequences, several hundred nucleotides long, found at either end of transposons and the proviral DNA, formed by reverse transcription of retroviral RNA. ... They are thought to have an essential role in integrating the transposon or provirus into the host DNA. Long terminal repeats have inverted repeats, that …
long-tongue
Synonym for wryneck ... torticollis ...
Long, John
<person> U.S. Physician, 1856-1927. ... See: Long's coefficient, Long's formula. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Long's coefficient
Synonym for Long's formula ... A formula for estimating from the specific gravity of a specimen of urine the approximate amount of solids in grams per liter; the last two figures of the value for specific gravity are multiplied by 2.6. ... Synonym: Long's coefficient. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Long's formula
A formula for estimating from the specific gravity of a specimen of urine the approximate amount of solids in grams per liter; the last two figures of the value for specific gravity are multiplied by 2.6. ... Synonym: Long's coefficient. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
longevity
Lifespan. (With increasing longevity, women will soon be postmenopausal for one third of their lives). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
