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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

liver failure
A condition of severe end-stage liver dysfunction that is accompanied by a decline in mental status that may range from confusion (hepatic encephalopathy) to unresponsiveness (hepatic coma). Other features include a mousy odour to the breath, difficulty with balance and walking, tremor and impaired speech. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

liver failure, acute
A form of liver failure with rapid onset. It is often induced by the toxic effect of drugs and various toxic substances in experimental studies in animals and in clinical states in humans. If coma ensues, the constellation of neurological symptoms is referred to as hepatic encephalopathy. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

liver filtrate factor
Former term for pantothenic acid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

liver flap
Synonym for asterixis ... <clinical sign, neurology> Abnormal muscle tremor consisting of involuntary jerking of the hands. May be seen in liver disease. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

liver function test
<investigation> A test that measures the blood serum level of several enzymes produced by the liver. An elevated liver function test is a sign of possible liver damage. ... Examples include: prothrombin time, PTT, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, alkaline phosphatase a …

liver glycogen
Glycogen stored in the liver. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

liver haemangioendothelioma
<radiology> Females (67%), infants (90% before 6 m/o), symptoms: mass (hepatomegaly), cutaneous haemangiomas (45%), mildly increased aFP (occasionally), with or without congestive heart failure secondary to shunting (only 4%), usually diffuse, precludes surgery, most involute spontaneously or with steroids Differential diagnosis: mesenchymal …

liver kidney syndrome
<syndrome> Severe loss of both liver and kidney function, seen in a variety of diseases, often with fatal outcome. Seen particularly in late-stage liver failure due to cirrhosis or hepatitis, and in several viral infections. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

liver Lactobacillus casei factor
Synonym for folic acid ... <biochemistry> Pteridine derivative that is abundant in liver and green plants and is a growth factor for some bacteria. The biochemically active form is tetrahydrofolate (see folate). ... (12 Nov 1997) ...

liver metastases
<oncology> The spread of cancerous tumours from a distant organ to the liver. Due to the livers tremendous blood and lymphatic supply it is a frequent site for metastatic cancer. ... Cancers which commonly metastasize to the liver include colon cancer, breast cancer, neuroblastoma, lung cancer and Hodgkin's disease. ... (14 Oct 1997) ...

liver neoplasms, experimental
Experimentally induced tumours of the liver. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

liver of sulfur
Synonym for sulfurated potash ... A mixture composed chiefly of potassium polysulfides and potassium thiosulfate; used externally in scabies, acne, and psoriasis; used in the manufacture of 'white lotion'. ... Synonym: liver of sulfur. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

liver profile
Synonym for liver function test ... <investigation> A test that measures the blood serum level of several enzymes produced by the liver. An elevated liver function test is a sign of possible liver damage. ... Examples include: prothrombin time, PTT, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, gamma glutamyl tra …

liver regeneration
Repair or renewal of hepatic tissue. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

liver scan
<investigation> A way of visualising the liver by injecting into the bloodstream a trace dose of a radioactive substance which helps visualize the organ during X-ray. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

liver spot
Synonym for senile lentigo ... A variably pigmented lentigo occurring on exposed skin of older Caucasians. ... Synonym: liver spot, solar lentigo. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

liver spots
A skin disorder seen with aging (or sun exposure) where there are flat patches of increased pigmentation on the skin. They are nonserious, benign and generally more important cosmetically. The most commonly appear on sun exposed areas such as the forehead and the back of the hands. Avoidance of the sun and the use of a sunscreen (SPF of 15) can red …

liver starch
Synonym for glycogen ... <biochemistry> Branched polymer of D glucose (mostly _(1-4) linked, but some _(1-6) at branch points). ... Size range very variable, up to 10exp5 glucose units. Major short term storage polymer of animal cells and is particularly abundant in the liver and to a lesser extent in muscle. In the electron microscope glycogen …

liver transplant
<procedure, surgery> Surgery to replace a disease liver with a healthy one from a donor. ... This procedure is technically quite difficult, since both vessels and biliary tract must be reattached to the new liver. most often indicated in those with long-term chronic hepatitis or congenital liver defects. Not usually performed in the situation …

liver transplantation
The transference of a part of or an entire liver from one human or animal to another. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

liver-shod clamp
A clamp with jaws covered by cloth to prevent injury to structures such as bowel when clamp is closed. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

liver-spleen scan
<radiology> Tc-99m sulfur colloid or albumin colloid, particles less than 1 m, dose = 4-8 mCi Distribution, liver 85%, spleen 10%, bone marrow 5% Findings, liver: hot / cold, spleen: hot / cold ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

liver, artificial
Devices for simulating the activities of the liver. They often consist of a hybrid between both biological and artificial materials. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

liverwort
<botany> ... 1. A ranunculaceous plant (Anemone Hepatica) with pretty white or bluish flowers and a three-lobed leaf; called also squirrel cups. ... 2. A flowerless plant (Marchantia polymorpha), having an irregularly lobed, spreading, and forking frond. ... From this plant many others of the same order (Hepaticae) have been vaguely called liver …

livetin
Any of the three major water-soluble proteins in egg yolk: alpha-livetin, serum albumin, beta-livetin, alpha-glycoprotein, gamma-livetin, serum gamma-globulin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lividity
The state of being livid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

living anatomy
The study of anatomy in the living individual by inspection. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

living donors
Non-cadaveric providers of organs for transplant to related or non-related recipients. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

living will
A living will is one form of advance medical directive. Advance medical directives preserve the person's right to accept or reject a course of medical treatment even after that person becomes mentally or physically incapacitated to the point of being unable to communicate those wishes. There are two basic types of advance directives: (1) a living w …

living wills
Written, witnessed declarations in which persons request that if they become disabled beyond reasonable expectation of recovery, they be allowed to die rather than be kept alive by extraordinary means. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

livor
The livid discoloration of the skin on the dependent parts of a corpse. ... Origin: L. A black and blue spot ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lixivial
1. Impregnated with, or consisting of, alkaline salts extracted from wood ashes; impregnated with a salt or salts like a lixivium. (Boyle) ... 2. Of the colour of lye; resembling lye. ... 3. Having the qualities of alkaline salts extracted from wood ashes. ... <chemistry> Lixivial salts, salts which are obtained by passing water through ashes, o …

lixiviation
Synonym: leaching. ... Origin: L. Lixivius, made into lye, fr. Lix, lye ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lizard
1. <zoology> Any one of the numerous species of reptiles belonging to the order Lacertilia; sometimes, also applied to reptiles of other orders, as the Hatteria. ... most lizards have an elongated body, with four legs, and a long tail; but there are some without legs, and some with a short, thick tail. Most have scales, but some are naked; mos …

LLAT
<abbreviation> Lysolecithin-lecithin acyltransferase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

llc-pk1 cells
Renal epithelial cell line originally derived from porcine kidneys. It is used for pharmacologic and metabolic studies. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

LLETZ
<abbreviation> Large loop excision of transformation zone of the cervix of the uterus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

LLL
<abbreviation> Left lower lobe (of lung). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Lloyd, John Uri
<person> U.S. Pharmacist, 1849-1936. ... Noted for investigational work in plant chemistry and phytochemistry as applied to medicines, alkaloids, and glucosides. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Lloyd's reagent
Precipitated aluminum silicate, used in the determination of alkaloids. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

LLQ
<abbreviation> Left lower quadrant (of abdomen). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

LMP
<abbreviation> Left mentoposterior position. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

LMT
<abbreviation> Left mentotransverse position. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

LNPF
<abbreviation> Lymph node permeability factor. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Lo
Synonym for Lo dose ... <pharmacology> The limes nul dose of diphtheria toxin, i.e., the largest amount of toxin that, when mixed with one unit of antitoxin and injected subcutaneously into a 250-g guinea pig, yields no recognizable reaction in the average of a series; actually, the Lod. Is usually recorded as the one that causes a barely perc …

Lo dose
<pharmacology> The limes nul dose of diphtheria toxin, i.e., the largest amount of toxin that, when mixed with one unit of antitoxin and injected subcutaneously into a 250-g guinea pig, yields no recognizable reaction in the average of a series; actually, the Lod. Is usually recorded as the one that causes a barely perceptible local oedema at …

loa
<organism> A genus of parasitic nematodes found throughout the rain-forest areas of the sudan and the basin of the congo. L. Loa inhabits the subcutaneous tissues, which it traverses freely. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Loa loa
The African eye worm, a species of the family Onchocercidae (superfamily Filarioidea) that is indigenous to the western part of equatorial Africa, especially in the region of the Congo River, and is the causal agent of loiasis. Adult worms are white or gray-white, cylindroid, and threadlike, the males averaging 25 to 35 by 0.3 to 0.4 mm (with a cur …

load
1. To lay a load or burden on or in, as on a horse or in a cart; to charge with a load, as a gun; to furnish with a lading or cargo, as a ship; hence, to add weight to, so as to oppress or embarrass; to heap upon. 'I strive all in vain to load the cart.' (Gascoigne) 'I have loaden me with many spoils.' (Shak) 'Those honors deep and broad, wherewith …

load factor
Load factor is the ratio of average demand to maximum demand or to capacity. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

load management
Any method or device that evens out electric power demand by eliminating uses during peak periods or shifting usage from peak time to off-peak time. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

loading
Administration of a substance for the purpose of testing metabolic function. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

loading dose
<pharmacology> A quantity higher than the average or maintenance dose, used at the initiation of therapy to rapidly establish a desired level of the drug ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

lobar
Having to do with a lobe. For example, lobar pneumonia. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

lobar bronchi
The divisions of the main bronchi that supply the lobes of the lungs; superior lobar bronchi, bronchus lobaris superior; middle lobar bronchi, bronchus lobaris medius; and inferior lobar bronchi, bronchus lobaris inferior are the three lobar bronchi on the right; superior lobar bronchi, bronchus lobaris superior, and inferior lobar bronchi, bronchu …

lobar nephronia
A focal renal mass related to acute infection. ... Acute focal bacterial nephritis. ... Renal phlegmon (not an abscess; no free pus). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lobar pneumonia
Pneumonia affecting one or more lobes, or part of a lobe, of the lung in which the consolidation is virtually homogeneous; commonly due to infection by Streptococcus pneumoniae; sputum is scanty and usually of a rusty tint from altered blood. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lobar sclerosis
Synonym for Pick's atrophy ... Circumscribed atrophy of the cerebral cortex. ... Synonym: lobar sclerosis, progressive circumscribed cerebral atrophy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lobate
1. Divided into lobes. ... 2. Lobe-shaped; denoting a bacterial colony with a deeply undulate margin. ... Synonym: lobose, lobous. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lobby
Origin: LL. Lobium, lobia, laubia, a covered portico fit for walking, fr. OHG.louba, G. Laube, arbor. See Lodge. ... 1. A passage or hall of communication, especially when large enough to serve also as a waiting room. It differs from an antechamber in that a lobby communicates between several rooms, an antechamber to one only; but this distinction i …

lobbying
A process whereby representatives of a particular interest group attempt to influence governmental decision makers to accept the policy desires of the lobbying organization. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

lobe
<anatomy> A more or less well defined portion of any organ, especially of the brain, lungs and glands. Lobes are demarcated by fissures, sulci, connective tissue and by their shape. ... Origin: L. Globus, from Gr. Lobos ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

lobe of prostate
One of the lateral lobes (right or left) or the middle lobe or isthmus of the prostate; in the adult the lobes are ill-defined. ... Synonym: lobus prostatae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lobectomy
<procedure, surgery> Surgical removal of all or part of a lung. Indicated in some cases of lung cancer, lung abscess and localised pulmonary tuberculosis. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

lobelia
<botany> A genus of plants, including a great number of species. Lobelia inflata, or Indian tobacco, is an annual plant of North America, whose leaves contain a poisonous white viscid juice, of an acrid taste. It has often been used in medicine as an emetic, expectorant, etc. L. Cardinalis is the cardinal flower, remarkable for the deep and v …

lobes of cerebrum
lobi cerebri ...

lobes of mammary gland
The 15 to 20 separate portions of the mammary gland that radiate from the central area deep to the nipple like wheel spokes and comprise the body of the mammary gland; each is drained by a single lactiferous duct. ... Synonym: lobi glandulae mammariae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lobes of thyroid gland
The two major divisions of the gland lying on the right and left side of the trachea and connected by the isthmus. A smaller pyramidal lobe is frequently present as an upward extension from the isthmus. ... Synonym: lobi glandulae thyroideae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lobi
Plural of lobus. ... Origin: L. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lobi glandulae mammariae
Synonym for lobes of mammary gland ... The 15 to 20 separate portions of the mammary gland that radiate from the central area deep to the nipple like wheel spokes and comprise the body of the mammary gland; each is drained by a single lactiferous duct. ... Synonym: lobi glandulae mammariae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lobi glandulae thyroideae
Synonym for lobes of thyroid gland ... The two major divisions of the gland lying on the right and left side of the trachea and connected by the isthmus. A smaller pyramidal lobe is frequently present as an upward extension from the isthmus. ... Synonym: lobi glandulae thyroideae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lobitis
Inflammation of a lobe. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Lobo
Jorge, 20th century Brazilian physician. ... See: Lobo's disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Lobo's disease
Synonym for lobomycosis ... A chronic localised mycosis of the skin reported from South America resulting in granulomatous nodules or keloids that contain budding, thick-walled cells about 9 u in diameter, i.e., the tissue form of Loboa loboi, the causative fungus, which has not been cultured. ... Synonym: Lobo's disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Loboa loboi
A species of fungus causing lobomycosis. The organism is still classified by some as Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, which causes paracoccidioidomycosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lobomycosis
A chronic localised mycosis of the skin reported from South America resulting in granulomatous nodules or keloids that contain budding, thick-walled cells about 9 u in diameter, i.e., the tissue form of Loboa loboi, the causative fungus, which has not been cultured. ... Synonym: Lobo's disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lobopodia
<cell biology> Hemispherical protrusions from the front of a moving tissue cell. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

lobopodium
A thick lobose pseudopodium. ... Origin: G. Lobos, lobe, + pous, foot ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lobose
Synonym for lobate ... 1. Divided into lobes. ... 2. Lobe-shaped; denoting a bacterial colony with a deeply undulate margin. ... Synonym: lobose, lobous. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lobosea
A class of ameboid protozoa that forms either filiform subpseudopodia or lobopodia. Characteristics include the absence of sorocarps, sporangia, or similar fruiting bodies. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

lobotomy
1. <procedure> Incision into a lobe. ... 2. Division of one or more nerve tracts in a lobe of the cerebrum. ... Origin: G. Lobos, lobe, + tome, a cutting ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Lobry de Bruyn, Cornelius
<person> Dutch chemist, 1857-1904. ... See: Lobry de Bruyn-van Ekenstein transformation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Lobstein, Johann
<person> German pathologist, 1777-1835. ... See: Lobstein's ganglion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Lobstein's ganglion
Synonym for splanchnic ganglion ... Ha small sympathetic ganglion often present in the course of the greater splanchnic nerve. ... Synonym: ganglion splanchnicum, Lobstein's ganglion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lobster
<zoology> Any large macrurous crustacean used as food, especially. Those of the genus Homarus; as the American lobster (H. Americanus), and the European lobster (H. Vulgaris). The Norwegian lobster (Nephrops Norvegicus) is similar in form. All these have a pair of large unequal claws. The spiny lobsters of more southern waters, belonging to P …

lobster-claw deformity
See: ectrodactyly. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lobsters
Large marine decapod crustaceans of the family homaridae, commonly used for food. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

lobular
<anatomy> Pertaining to the part of the breast that is furthest from the nipple, the lobes. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

lobular carcinoma
<tumour> A form of adenocarcinoma, especially of the breast, where lobular carcinoma is less common than ductal carcinoma and usually is composed of small cells. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lobular carcinoma in situ
Synonym for noninfiltrating lobular carcinoma ... <tumour> Carcinoma of the breast in which small tumour cells fill preexisting acini within lobules, without invading the surrounding stroma. ... Synonym: lobular carcinoma in situ, lobular neoplasia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lobular glomerulonephritis
Synonym for membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis ... <pathology> A kidney disorder which results in kidney dysfunction. Inflammation of the glomeruli result from an abnormal immune response and the deposition of antibodies within the kidney (glomerulus) ultrastructure. ... Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis has been divided into two d …

lobular neoplasia
Synonym for noninfiltrating lobular carcinoma ... <tumour> Carcinoma of the breast in which small tumour cells fill preexisting acini within lobules, without invading the surrounding stroma. ... Synonym: lobular carcinoma in situ, lobular neoplasia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lobulate
Having small or indistinct lobes. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

lobulated
Divided into lobules. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lobule
A subdivision of the lobes of the breast. ... (16 Dec 1997) ...

lobule of auricle
Synonym for ear lobe ... The lowest part of the auricle; it consists of fat and fibrous tissue not reinforced by the auricular cartilage. ... Synonym: lobulus auriculae, lobule of auricle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lobules of epididymis
The coiled portion of the efferent ductules that constitute the head of the epididymis; these join the ductus epididymidis. ... Synonym: lobuli epididymidis, coni epididymidis, coni vasculosi, Haller's cones, vascular cones. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lobules of mammary gland
Subdivisions of the lobes of the mammary gland. ... Synonym: lobuli glandulae mammariae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lobules of testis
The subdivisions of the parenchyma of the testis formed by delicate fibrous septa that pass inward from the tunica albuginea to converge at the mediastinum testis. ... Synonym: lobuli testis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lobules of thymus
Areas of thymic tissue 0.5 to 2 mm in diameter with a cortex and medulla. ... Synonym: lobuli thymi. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...