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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

los alamos meson physics facility
<radiobiology> Physics research facility at Los Alamos National Lab, major site for U.S. Muon-catalysed fusion research in the 1980s. May be shut down soon. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

losartan
<chemical> An angiotensin II receptor antagonist with antihypertensive activity due mainly to selective blockade of at(1) receptors and the consequent reduced pressor effect of angiotensin II. ... Pharmacological action: anti-arrhythmia agents, antihypertensive agents. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Loschmidt
Joseph (Johann), Czech chemist and physicist, 1821-1895. ... See: Loschmidt's number. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Loschmidt's number
The number of molecules in 1 cm3 of ideal gas at 0°C and 1 atmosphere of pressure; Avogadro's number divided by 22,414 (i.e., 2.6868 &times; 1019 cm-3). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lose
1. To part with unintentionally or unwillingly, as by accident, misfortune, negligence, penalty, forfeit, etc.; to be deprived of; as, to lose money from one's purse or pocket, or in business or gaming; to lose an arm or a leg by amputation; to lose men in battle. 'Fair Venus wept the sad disaster Of having lost her favorite dove.' (Prior) ... 2. To …

loss cone
In a magnetic mirror machine, particles with a large velocity parallel to the magneitc field and a small velocity perpendicular to the field will be able to escape past the magnetic mirror (see magnetic mirror). In that case the velocity distribution function (see distribution function) will be almost zero in the region of velocity space that allow …

loss of consciousness
Total unresponsiveness. An important neurologic sign. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

loss of heterozygosity
Refers to a mutation that results in the loss of allelic uniqueness, which is often defined as a greater than or equal to 40 percent increase in signal intensity of allelic signal. Loss of heterozygosity is most frequently identified in certain chromosome regions, including 5q, 17p, and 18q. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

lost
1. Parted with unwillingly or unintentionally; not to be found; missing; as, a lost book or sheep. ... 2. Parted with; no longer held or possessed; as, a lost limb; lost honor. ... 3. Not employed or enjoyed; thrown away; employed ineffectually; wasted; squandered; as, a lost day; a lost opportunity or benefit. ... 5. Having wandered from, or unable t …

lot
1. That which happens without human design or forethought; chance; accident; hazard; fortune; fate. 'But save my life, which lot before your foot doth lay.' (Spenser) ... 2. Anything (as a die, pebble, ball, or slip of paper) used in determining a question by chance, or without man's choice or will; as, to cast or draw lots. 'The lot is cast into th …

lotus
1. <botany> A name of several kinds of water lilies; as Nelumbium speciosum, used in religious ceremonies, anciently in Egypt, and to this day in Asia; Nelumbium luteum, the American lotus; and Nymphaea Lotus and N. Caerulea, the respectively white-flowered and blue-flowered lotus of modern Egypt, which, with Nelumbium speciosum, are figured …

lou gehrig's disease
<disease> Also called amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. This disease affects the motor nerve cells of the spinal cord causing their degeneration. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

loudness perception
The perceived attribute of a sound which corresponds to the physical attribute of intensity. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

loudness recruitment
<neurology, otolaryngology> An abnormally disproportionate increase in the sensation of loudness in response to a relatively slight increase in intensity of an acoustic signal. ... Loudness recruitment is also a special audiological procedure or test. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Louis
Pierre C.A., French physician, 1787-1872. ... See: Louis' angle, Louis' law. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Louis-Bar
Denise, mid-20th century French physician. ... See: Louis-Bar syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Louis-Bar syndrome
ataxia telangiectasia ...

Louis' angle
Synonym for sternal angle ... The angle between the manubrium and the body of the sternum at the manubriosternal junction. Marks the level of the second costal cartilage (rib) for counting ribs or intercostal spaces. Denotes level of aortic arch, bifurcation of trachea, and T4/T5 intervertebral disc. ... Synonym: angulus sterni, Louis' angle, Ludwig' …

Louis' law
Tuberculosis in any organ is associated with tuberculosis in the lung. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

loupe
A magnifying lens. ... Origin: Fr. ... Binocular loupe, a magnifying device, attached to spectacles or a headband, worn as a visual aid when performing operations on small structures. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

louping ill
<veterinary, virology> An acute tick-borne arbovirus infection causing meningoencephalomyelitis of sheep. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

louping-ill virus
A virus of the genus Flavivirus that causes louping ill and is transmitted by the hard tick Ixodes ricinus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

louse
Origin: OE. Lous, AS. Ls, pl. Ls; akin to D. Luis, G. Laus, OHG. Ls, Icel. Ls, Sw. Lus, Dan. Luus; perh. So named because it is destructive, and akin to E. Lose, loose. ... <zoology> ... 1. Any one of numerous species of small, wingless, suctorial, parasitic insects belonging to a tribe (Pediculina), now usually regarded as degraded Hemiptera. …

louse flies
Pupiparous, dorsoventrally flattened dipterous ectoparasites of the family Hippoboscidae. ... See: Hippobosca, Melophagus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

louse-borne typhus
A severe acute disease with prolonged high fever up to 40° c (104° f), intractable headache, and a pink-to-red raised rash. The cause is a microorganism called rickettsia prowazekii. It is found worldwide and is transmitted by lice. The lice become infected on typhus patients and transmit illness to other people. The mortality increases with age an …

lousiness
Synonym for pediculosis ... <dermatology> Infestation with lice of the family Pediculidae, especially infestation with Pediculus humanus. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

lousy
Synonym for pediculous ... Infested with lice. ... Synonym: lousy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lovastatin
<chemical> A fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of aspergillus terreus. The compound is a potent anticholesteraemic agent. It inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme a reductase (hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA reductases), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It also stimulates the production of low-density lip …

love
1. To have a feeling of love for; to regard with affection or good will; as, to love one's children and friends; to love one's country; to love one's God. 'Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy mind.' (Matt. Xxii. 37) 'Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thy self.' (Matt. Xxii. 39) ... 2. To regard …

Loven reflex
A reaction in which a local dilation of vessels accompanies a general vasoconstriction; e.g., when the central end of an afferent nerve to an organ is suitably stimulated, its efferent vasomotor fibres remaining intact, a general rise in blood pressure occurs together with a dilation of the vessels of the organ. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Loven, Otto
<person> Swedish physician, 1835-1904. ... See: Loven reflex. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lover
1. One who loves; one who is in love; usually limited, in the singular, to a person of the male sex. 'Love is blind, and lovers can not see The pretty follies that themselves commit.' (Shak) ... 2. A friend; one strongly attached to another; one who greatly desires the welfare of any person or thing; as, a lover of his country. 'I slew my best lover …

Lovibond, J
<person> 20th century English dermatologist. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Lovibond's angle
The angle made at the meeting of the proximal nail fold and the nail plate when viewed from the radial aspect; normally, less than 180° but exceeding this in clubbing of the fingers. ... Synonym: Lovibond's profile sign. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Lovibond's profile sign
Synonym for Lovibond's angle ... The angle made at the meeting of the proximal nail fold and the nail plate when viewed from the radial aspect; normally, less than 180° but exceeding this in clubbing of the fingers. ... Synonym: Lovibond's profile sign. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

loviride
Synonym for NNRTI ... A member of a class of compounds, including delavirdine, loviride and nevirapine, that acts to directly combine with and block the action of HIV's reverse transcriptase (see). In contrast, nucleoside analogs block reverse transcriptase by capping the unfinished DNA chain that the enzyme is constructing. NNRTIs have suffered fro …

low
1. Occupying an inferior position or place; not high or elevated; depressed in comparison with something else; as, low ground; a low flight. ... 2. Not rising to the usual height; as, a man of low stature; a low fence. ... 3. Near the horizon; as, the sun is low at four o'clock in winter, and six in summer. ... 4. Sunk to the farthest ebb of the tide; …

low affinity platelet factor IV
Synonym for connective tissue activating peptide III ... Cytokine, produced from platelet basic protein, that acts as a growth factor. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

low aspect ratio
<physics> An aspect ratio for a torus that is small (minor radius is almost as big as major radius). ... There are many fusion devices which are designed to have a low aspect ratio. Such devices look more like tractor tires than bicycle tires, as toruses go. There are reasons to believe that low aspect ratio devices will offer some advantages …

low back pain
A continuous pain in the lower back or lumbar region. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

low convex
The segment of a sphere of long radius. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

low delirium
Delirium in which there is little excitement, either mental or motor, the ideas being confused and incoherent, but following each other slowly. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

low density lipoprotein
<biochemistry> A lipoprotein substances (combination of a fat and a protein) which acts as a carrier for cholesterol and fats in the bloodstream. ... High levels of low density lipoprotein are considered a positive risk factor for the development of coronary artery disease. Less than 130 mg/dl is desirable, 130 to 159 mg/dl is borderline high, …

low density lipoprotein receptor
<biochemistry> A cell surface protein that mediates the endocytosis of low density lipoprotein by cells. ... Genetic defects in low density lipoprotein receptors lead to abnormal serum levels of low density lipoprotein and hypercholesterolaemia. ... (16 Mar 1998) ...

low flow principle
Synonym for azygos vein principle ... A principle based on the observation that animals can survive prolonged vena caval occlusion without sequelae: if blood from the azygos vein alone is permitted to enter the heart, patients are perfused during cardiac and pulmonary bypass at flows much less than the normal resting cardiac output. ... Synonym: low …

low forceps delivery
Delivery by forceps applied to the foetal head after it is clearly visible, the skull has reached the perineal floor, and plus 2 (+2) station. This classification of forceps delivery may be with or without rotation of the foetal head. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

low frequency transduction
Specialised transduction in which only a small portion of the prophage particles, because of their defectiveness, are able to develop sufficiently to serve as effective transducing agents. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

low grade astrocytoma
<tumour> Astrocytoma characterised by an increased cellularity of uneven distribution and mild nuclear pleomorphism. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

low lip line
The lowest position of the lower lip during the act of smiling or voluntary retraction, the lowest position of the upper lip at rest. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

low malignant potential tumour
Synonym for borderline tumour ... A neoplasm of the ovary, usually arising in young women, composed of complex epithelial hyperplasia without stromas invasion; may recur if incompletely removed surgically, but is clinically less aggressive than carcinoma. ... Synonym: low malignant potential tumour. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

low output failure
Heart failure in which the cardiac output is subnormal, as is usually seen in failure due to coronary, hypertensive, or valvular heart disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

low placenta
Location of the placenta in the lower part of the uterus (womb) so that the placenta partially or completely covers the cervix. Also known as a placenta previa. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

low platelet count
<haematology> An abnormally low platelet count. Normal platelet counts are 150,000-400,000 per cubic millimetre. ... Those with low platelet counts may exhibit haematuria, haematemesis, easy bruising, bleeding gums, melena (blood in stools), prolonged menses or nosebleeds. Spontaneous intracranial haemorrhage can occur with platelet counts of …

low purine diet
A diet low in precursors of purines (such as tissues rich in cells with abundant nuclei, as in liver, glandular meats, etc.) to minimise formation of uric acid. Useful in treatment of patients with gout or urate-containing renal calculi. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

low residue diet
A diet that leaves minimal unabsorbed components in the intestine, to minimise functional stress on the colon. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

low salt diet
A diet with restricted amounts of sodium chloride, necessary in the treatment of some cases of hypertension, heart failure, and other syndromes characterised by fluid retention and/or oedema formation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

low sodium syndrome
<syndrome> A syndrome resulting from salt restriction and use of diuretics in treatment of congestive heart failure and hypertension, characterised by weakness, drowsiness, muscle cramps, and a reduction in glomerular filtration with consequent nitrogen retention, renal failure, and sometimes death; occurs also in cirrhosis of the liver with …

low spinal anaesthesia
Spinal anaesthesia in which the level of sensory denervation extends to the tenth or eleventh thoracic dermatome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

low tension glaucoma
Optic nerve atrophy and excavation with typical field defects of glaucoma but without abnormal increase in intraocular pressure. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

low tone deafness
Inability to hear low notes or frequencies. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

low wine
The first weak distillate obtained from the mash in the process of making whisky. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

low-activation materials
<radiobiology> In fission reactors, one is forced to deal with the radioactive byproducts of the fission process, but in fusion reactors one generally has a choice of what materials to expose to neutrons produced by the fusion process. A major problem for fusion reactors is developing materials (such as for the reactor vacuum vessel structure …

low-calorie diet
A diet of 1,200 calories or less per day. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

low-density lipoprotein receptors
Receptors on the surface of cells, especially liver cells, which bind to low density lipoprotein and promote clearance of LDL from the plasma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

low-egg-passage vaccine
See: rabies vaccine, Flury strain egg-passage. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

low-fat diet
A diet containing minimal amounts of fat.Diets containing low amounts of fat and cholesterol are designed to reduce the risk of heart disease and, in some cases, cancer. Dozens of such diets have been promulgated, both by medical and lay advisors. Their popularity can be attributed in part to clinical studies that have, since the 1980s, revealed, o …

low-pass filter
A device or material with the opposite effect from a high-pass filter; most tissues act as low-pass filters of ultrasound signals. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

low-set ear
An ear positionned below its normal location. Classified as a minor anomaly. Technically, the ear is low-set when the helix (of the ear) meets the cranium at a level below that of a horizontal plane through both inner canthi (the inside corners of the eyes). The presence of 2 or more minor anomalies in a child increases the probability that the chi …

Low, George
<person> English physician, 1872-1952. ... See: Castellani-Low sign. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Lowe-Terrey-MacLachlan syndrome
Synonym for oculocerebrorenal syndrome ... <syndrome> Autosomal recessive syndrome in which ocular signs include cataracts and glaucoma. The central nervous system defects are manifested by mental retardation and hypotonia, and the renal abnormalities consist of tubular and later, glomerular insufficiency. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Lowe, Charles
<person> U.S. Paediatrician, *1921. ... See: Lowe's syndrome, Lowe-Terrey-MacLachlan syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Lowe's syndrome
Synonym for oculocerebrorenal syndrome ... <syndrome> Autosomal recessive syndrome in which ocular signs include cataracts and glaucoma. The central nervous system defects are manifested by mental retardation and hypotonia, and the renal abnormalities consist of tubular and later, glomerular insufficiency. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Lowenberg, Benjamin
<person> French laryngologist, 1836-1905. ... See: Lowenberg's canal, Lowenberg's forceps, Lowenberg's scala. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Lowenberg's canal
Synonym for cochlear duct ... Spiral tube in the bony canal of the cochlea, lying on its outer wall between the scala vestibuli and scala tympani. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Lowenberg's forceps
Forceps with short curved blades ending in rounded grasping extremities devised for the removal of adenoid growths in the nasopharynx. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Lowenberg's scala
Synonym for cochlear duct ... Spiral tube in the bony canal of the cochlea, lying on its outer wall between the scala vestibuli and scala tympani. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Lowenstein-Jensen culture medium
Primary mycobacterial recovery media composed of fresh whole eggs, defined salts, glycerol, potato flour, and malachite green (as an inhibitory agent). ... Synonym: Lowenstein-Jensen medium. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Lowenstein-Jensen medium
Synonym for Lowenstein-Jensen culture medium ... Primary mycobacterial recovery media composed of fresh whole eggs, defined salts, glycerol, potato flour, and malachite green (as an inhibitory agent). ... Synonym: Lowenstein-Jensen medium. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Lowenstein, L
<person> ... See: Buschke-Lowenstein tumour. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lower abdominal periosteal reflex
Synonym for Galant's reflex ... A deep abdominal reflex in which there is a contraction of the abdominal muscles on tapping the anterior superior iliac spine. ... Synonym: lower abdominal periosteal reflex. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lower airway
The portion of the respiratory tract that extends from the subglottis to and including the terminal bronchioles. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lower alveolar point
Synonym for infradentale ... In craniometrics, the apex of the septum between the mandibular central incisors. ... Synonym: lower alveolar point. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lower body negative pressure
External decompression applied to the lower body. It is used to study orthostatic intolerance and the effects of gravitation and acceleration, to produce simulated haemorrhage in physiologic research, to assess cardiovascular function, and to reduce abdominal stress during childbirth. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

lower extremity
Synonym for lower limb ... The hip, thigh, leg, ankle, and foot. ... Synonym: membrum inferius, inferior limb, lower extremity, pelvic limb. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lower eyelid
The inferior, smaller and less mobile of the two eyelids; a check ligament from the inferior rectus muscle extends into it, pulling the lid inferiorly when the gaze is directed downward. ... Synonym: palpebra inferior, lower lid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lower GI series
<investigation, radiology> A radiographic diagnostic procedure that involves the introduction of a barium containing contrast material into the lower gastrointestinal tract via the anus. X-rays taken after instillation of the barium will outline the course and anatomy of the lower GI tract. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

lower heating value
(LHV) The potential energy in a fuel if the water vapour from combustion of hydrogen is not condensed. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

lower hybrid waves
<physics> Electrostatic ion oscillations at a frequency intermediate to the electron extraordinary wave (high frequency) and the magnetosonic wave (low frequency). ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

lower jaw
Synonym for mandible ... The jaw bone. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

lower lid
Synonym for lower eyelid ... The inferior, smaller and less mobile of the two eyelids; a check ligament from the inferior rectus muscle extends into it, pulling the lid inferiorly when the gaze is directed downward. ... Synonym: palpebra inferior, lower lid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lower limb
The hip, thigh, leg, ankle, and foot. ... Synonym: membrum inferius, inferior limb, lower extremity, pelvic limb. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lower lip
The muscular fold bounding the opening of the mouth inferiorly. ... Synonym: labium inferius oris. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lower lobe of lung
Synonym for inferior lobe of lung ... It is located below and behind the oblique fissure and contains five bronchopulmonary segments: superior, medial basal, anterior basal, lateral basal, and posterior basal. ... Synonym: lobus inferior pulmonis, lower lobe of lung. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lower motor neuron
Clinical term used to indicate the final motor neuron's that innervate the skeletal muscles; distinguished from upper motor neuron's of the motor cortex that contribute to the pyramidal or corticospinal tract. ... See: motor neuron. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lower motor neuron dysarthria
Dysarthria caused by dysfunction of the motor nuclei and the lower pons or medulla, or other neural connections, central and peripheral to the muscles of articulation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lower motor neuron lesion
Injury to motor cells in the brainstem or spinal cord, or of the axons derived from them. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lower nephron nephrosis
An obsolete term for acute tubular necrosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lower nodal extrasystole
An obsolete term for a nodal extrasystole supposed to arise from the lower part of the A-V node, recognised in the electrocardiogram by the retrograde P wave that follows the QRS complex. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

lower oesophageal sphincter
<anatomy> A muscular sphincter located at the junction of the oesophagus and the stomach. On closure the lower oesophageal sphincter prevents the back wash (reflux) of stomach acid into the oesophagus where it may damage the mucosa. ... See: gastrooesophageal reflux disease. ... (16 Mar 1998) ...

lower respiratory tract
<anatomy> The trachea, bronchi, and lungs. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...