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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

knowledge, attitudes, practice
Knowledge, attitudes, and associated behaviours which pertain to health-related events such as procedures, diseases, or family planning. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

knuckle
1. The joint of a finger, particularly when made prominent by the closing of the fingers. ... 2. The kneejoint, or middle joint, of either leg of a quadruped, especially of a calf; formerly used of the kneejoint of a human being. 'With weary knuckles on thy brim she kneeled sadly down.' (Golding) ... 3. The joint of a plant. ... 4. <mechanics> T …

knuckle pads
An autosomal dominant trait, in which thick pad's of skin appear over the proximal phalangeal joints; occasionally associated with leukonychia and deafness or Dupuytren's contracture, a callus reaction in persons predisposed to producing callus and as the result of occupational or self-inflicted trauma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

knuckle sign
<radiology> Seen in pulmonary embolism, abrupt tapering of an occluded vessel distally ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

knuckling
Talipes in the horse, caused by a contraction of the posterior fetlock tendons. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

knutson-vandenberg act
(KV) Federal law that allows the U.S. Forest Service to collect money from a timber sale for resource enhancement, protection, and improvement work in the timber sale vicinity. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

Kobelt, Georg
<person> German physician, 1804-1857. ... See: Kobelt's tubules. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Kobelt's tubules
Remnants of the mesonephric tubule's in the female, contained within the epoophoron. ... Synonym: wolffian tubules. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Kober test
A test for naturally occurring oestrogens, based upon the production of a pink colour (absorption maximum: 520 mu) when an oestrogen is heated in a mixture of phenol and sulfuric acid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Kober, Philip
<person> U.S. Chemist, *1884. ... See: Kober test. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Kobner, H
<person> German dermatologist, 1838-1904. ... See: Kobner's phenomenon. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Kobner's phenomenon
An isomorphic reaction seen in response to trauma in previously uninvolved sites of patients with skin diseases including psoriasis and lichen planus, typically with lesions in a linear pattern at sites of scratching or a scar. ... Synonym: isomorphic response. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Koch-Weeks bacillus
Synonym for Haemophilus influenzae ... <bacteria> Bacterium sometimes associated with influenza virus infections, causes pneumonia and meningitis. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

Koch, Robert
<person> German bacteriologist and Nobel laureate, 1843-1910. ... See: Koch's bacillus, Koch's blue bodies, Koch's law, Koch's old tuberculin, Koch's phenomenon, Koch's postulates, Koch-Weeks bacillus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Koch, Walter
<person> German surgeon, *1880. ... See: Koch's node, Koch's triangle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Koch's bacillus
Synonym for mycobacterium tuberculosis ... The Gram-positive bacterium that causes tuberculosis. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

Koch's blue bodies
Schizonts of Theileria parva, the causative agent of East Coast fever; found principally within endothelial cells of the spleen and lymph nodes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Koch's law
Synonym for Koch's postulates ... To establish the specificity of a pathogenic microorganism, it must be present in all cases of the disease, inoculations of its pure cultures must produce disease in animals, and from these it must be again obtained and be propagated in pure cultures. ... Synonym: Koch's law. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Koch's node
Synonym for sinuatrial node ... sinoatrial node ...

Koch's original tuberculin
Synonym for tuberculin ... <protein> A protein extracted from the tuberculosis bacteriumMycobacterium tuberculosis. It is used in tests to determine if aperson has been exposed to the bacteria and is in danger of coming down with the disease. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

Koch's phenomenon
The phenomenon of infection immunity; living tubercle bacilli (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) do not cause reinfection when inoculated into tuberculous guinea pigs (i.e., the animals are 'immune' to reinfection) even though the original infections continue to develop and eventually cause death of the animals, rise of temperature and increase of the lo …

Koch's postulates
To establish the specificity of a pathogenic microorganism, it must be present in all cases of the disease, inoculations of its pure cultures must produce disease in animals, and from these it must be again obtained and be propagated in pure cultures. ... Synonym: Koch's law. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Koch's triangle
A triangular area of the wall of the right atrium of the heart, that marks the situation of the atrioventricular node. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Kocher clamp
A heavy, straight haemostat with interlocking teeth on the tip. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

kocher fracture
<radiology> Osteochondral fracture of the capitellum ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Kocher-Debre-Semelaigne syndrome
<syndrome> Autosomal recessive inherited athyrotic cretinism associated with muscular pseudohypertrophy. ... Synonym: Debre-Semelaigne syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Kocher, E Theodor
<person> Swiss surgeon and Nobel laureate, 1841-1917. ... See: Kocher clamp, Kocher's incision, Kocher's sign, Kocher-Debre-Semelaigne syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Kocher, Theodor
<person> Switzerland has developed many famous medical men, but none greater than Theodor Kocher of Berne. ... His work centreed on colloid and toxic goitre, for which he became a Nobel Laureate in 1909. He was a pioneer abdominal surgeon, being one of the first to successfully resect and unite the intestines. ... Halsted adored Kocher and copi …

Kocher's incision
An incision parallel with right costal margin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Kocher's sign
<clinical sign> In Graves' disease, on upward gaze, the globe lags behind the movement of the upper eyelid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Kock ileostomy
kock pouch ...

Kock, Nils
<person> 20th century Swedish surgeon. ... See: Kock pouch. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Koehler illumination
<microscopy> Mode of microscope illumination in which the light source is imaged onto the condenser iris diaphragm and the field diaphragm (in front of the lamp collector lens) is imaged by the condenser onto the plane of focus of the specimen. With Koehler illumination, the aperture and field can be regulated independently to provide maximum …

Koenen's tumour
Synonym for periungual fibroma ... Multiple smooth firm nodules formed at the nail folds, often over 10 mm in length, which appear at or after puberty in some patients with tuberous sclerosis. ... Synonym: Koenen's tumour. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Koenig, Franz
<person> German surgeon, 1832-1910. ... See: Koenig's syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Koenig's syndrome
<syndrome> Alternating attacks of constipation and diarrhoea, with colic, meteorism, and gurgling in the right iliac fossa, said to be symptomatic of caecal tuberculosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Koerber-Salus-Elschnig syndrome
Synonym for convergence-retraction nystagmus ... Irregular, jerky nystagmus combining convergence and retraction of the eye into the orbit, especially on attempting an upward gaze. ... Synonym: Koerber-Salus-Elschnig syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Koerte-Ballance operation
Operative anastomosis of the facial and hypoglossal nerves for the treatment of facial paralysis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Koerte, Werner
<person> German surgeon, 1853-1937. ... See: Koerte-Ballance operation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Koettstorfer number
Synonym for saponification number ... The number of milligrams of KOH required to saponify 1 g of fat; an approximate measure of the average molecular weight of a fat, with which it varies inversely. ... Synonym: Koettstorfer number. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Koettstorfer, J
<person> 19th century German chemist. ... See: Koettstorfer number. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Kogoj, Franz
<person> Yugoslavian physician, *1894. ... See: spongiform pustule of Kogoj. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

kohler disease
<radiology> Osteochondrosis of tarsal navicular ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Kohler illumination
<technique> The recommended type of optical microscope illumination in which the image of the lamp filament is focussed in the lower focal plane of the substage condenser. ... As opposed to collimated illumination in which the light emitting surface is imaged in the object. Collimated illumination requires even intensity across the light emitt …

Kohler, Alban
<person> German roentgenologist, 1874-1947. ... See: Kohler's disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Kohler, August
<person> German microscopist, 1866-1948. ... See: Kohler illumination. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Kohler's disease
Epiphysial aseptic necrosis of the tarsal navicular bone or of the patella. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Kohlmeier-Degos syndrome
<syndrome> Vascular occlusive disorder predominantly involving the small arteries of the skin and bowel with about one-fifth of patients having central nervous system symptoms secondary to arterial fibrosis and thrombosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Kohlrausch, Otto
<person> German physician, 1811-1854. ... See: Kohlrausch's muscle, Kohlrausch's valves. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Kohlrausch's muscle
<anatomy> The longitudinal muscle's of the rectal wall. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Kohlrausch's valves
Synonym for transverse rectal folds ... The three or four crescentic folds placed horizontally in the rectal mucous membrane; the superior rectal fold is situated near the beginning of the rectum on the left side; the middle rectal fold (Nelaton's fold) is most prominent and consistent and projects from the right side about 8 cm above the anus (appr …

Kohn, Hans
<person> German pathologist, *1866. ... See: Kohn's pores. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Kohn's pores
Synonym for interalveolar pores ... Openings in the interalveolar septa of the lung. ... Synonym: Kohn's pores. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Kohnstamm, Oskar
<person> German physician, 1871-1917. ... See: Kohnstamm's phenomenon. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Kohnstamm's phenomenon
Synonym for aftermovement ... Involuntary arm abduction that follows sustained isometric contraction of the deltoid and supraspinatus muscles (usually performed by pushing the upper extremity forcibly and against an immovable vertical surface while standing closely beside it). ... Synonym: Kohnstamm's phenomenon. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

koilocyte
A squamous cell, often binucleated, showing a perinuclear halo; characteristic of condyloma acuminatum. ... Origin: G. Koilos, hollow, + kytos, cell ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

koilocytosis
Perinuclear vacuolation. ... See: koilocyte. ... Origin: G. Koilos, hollow, + kytos, cell, + -osis, condition ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

koilonychia
<clinical sign> Dystrophy of the fingernails, sometimes associated with iron deficiency anaemia, in which they are thin and concave, with the edges raises. ... Synonym: spoon nail. ... (15 Nov 1997) ...

koilosternia
Synonym: pectus excavatum. ... Origin: G. Koilos, hollow, + sternon, chest (sternum) ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Kojewnikoff
(Kozhevnikov) ... Aleks ei Y., Russian neurologist, 1836-1902. ... See: Kojewnikoff's epilepsy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Kojewnikoff's epilepsy
Synonym for epilepsia partialis continua ... Focal motor status epilepticus characterised by high fever, delirium, localised muscular spasms and generalised convulsion, then clonic twitching of one group of muscles at regular intervals (seconds apart) lasting for hours or months, remaining localised. These continue throughout sleep, possibly at a re …

kojic acid
5-Hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-pyranone;an antibiotic product of d-glucose catabolism in some molds; can be converted into flavor enhancers. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

kokoi venom
A potent neurotoxin found in the frog Phyllobates bicolor; it is a nonprotein compound with a molecular weight of approximately 400, and is lethal in microgram quantities. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

kola
The dried cotyledons of Cola nitida or other species of Cola (family Sterculiaceae) which contains caffeine, theobromine, and a soluble principle, colatin; used as a cardiac and central nervous system stimulant. ... Synonym: cola. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Kolliker, Rudolph von
<person> Swiss histologist, 1817-1905. ... See: Kolliker's layer, Kolliker's reticulum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Kolliker's layer
The layer of connective tissue in the iris. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Kolliker's reticulum
Synonym for neuroglia ... glial cells ...

Kollmann, Arthur
<person> 19th century German urologist. ... See: Kollmann's dilator. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Kollmann's dilator
A metallic expandable instrument used to dilate urethral strictures. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Kolmer test
A former standard quantitative method for the Wassermann test, with numerous modifications (especially as to antigen). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Kolmer, John
<person> U.S. Pathologist, 1886-1962. ... See: Kolmer test. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Kolopp, P
<person> 20th century French dermatologist. ... See: Woringer-Kolopp disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

kolytic
Denoting an inhibitory action. ... Origin: G. Kolyo, to hinder ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Kommerell's diverticulum
The diverticulum at the origin of some aberrant right subclavian arteries resulting from incomplete arch agenesis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Kondoleon operation
Excision of strips of subcutaneous connective tissue for the relief of elephantiasis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Kondoleon, Emmanuel
<person> Greek surgeon, 1879-1939. ... See: Kondoleon operation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

koniocortex
Regions of the cerebal cortex characterised by a particularly well developed inner granular layer (layer 4); this type of cerebral cortex is represented by the primary sensory area 17 of the visual cortex, areas 1 to 3 of the somatic sensory cortex, and area 41 of the auditory cortex. ... See: cerebral cortex. ... Origin: G. Konis, dust, + L. Cortex, …

Konno procedure
A method of repairing congenital tunnel-type subaortic stenosis and narrowing of the left ventricular-aortic junction by aortoventriculoplasty and prosthetic valve replacement. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Konno-Rastan procedure
An aortoventriculoplasty used to enlarge the aortic annular size, especially when subaortic fibromuscular stenosis is present. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

koodoo
<zoology> A large South African antelope (Strepsiceros kudu). The males have graceful spiral horns, sometimes four feet long. The general colour is reddish or grayish brown, with eight or nine white bands on each side, and a pale dorsal stripe. The old males become dark bluish gray, due to the skin showing through the hair. The females are ho …

Koongol viruses
A serologic group of the genus Bunyavirus, comprising two species, Koongol (type species) and Wongal virus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

koplik spot
<dermatology> Small red spots with bluish-white centres on the buccal mucosa (lining of cheek), appearing in the early stages (pre-rash) of measles. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

Koplik, Henry
<person> U.S. Physician, 1858-1927. ... See: Koplik's spots. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Koplik's spots
Small red spot's on the buccal mucous membrane, in the centre of each of which may be seen, in a strong light, a minute bluish white speck; they occur early in measles (morbilli), before the skin eruption, and are regarded as a pathognomonic sign of the disease. ... Synonym: Filatov's spots. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

kopophobia
<psychology> Morbid fear of fatigue. ... Origin: G. Kopos, fatigue, + phobos, fear ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

korarchaeota
A kingdom in the domain archaea, comprising thermophilic organisms from the hot spring obsidian pool (yellowstone national park) that are among the most primitive of all life forms. They have undergone comparatively little evolutionary change since the last common ancestor of all extant life. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Korean haemorrhagic fever
A form of epidemic haemorrhagic fever caused by the Hantaan virus of the genus hantavirus. ... Synonym: Manchurian haemorrhagic fever. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Korff, Karl von
<person> 20th century German anatomist and histologist. ... See: Korff's fibres. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Korff's fibres
Argyrophilic fibre's that pass between odontoblasts at the periphery of the dental pulp and fan out into the dentin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Kornberg enzyme
DNA polymerase I from Escherichia coli. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Kornberg, A
<person> U.S. Biochemist and Nobel laureate, *1918. ... See: Kornberg enzyme. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Kornberg, Arthur
<person> A U.S. Biochemist who was co-awared the Nobel Prize for discovering some of the enzymes responsible for DNA synthesis. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

Kornzweig, Abraham
<person> U.S. Physician, *1900. ... See: Bassen-Kornzweig syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

koro
A culture-specific acute delusional syndrome occurring mostly in the malay people and southern chinese. The syndrome is characterised by the individual's sudden experience of depersonalization depicted by the belief that his penis is shrinking into his abdomen and that he will die when this occurs. Although generally classified as a culture-specifi …

koronion
Synonym for coronion ... The tip of the coronoid process of the mandible; a craniometric point. ... Synonym: koronion. ... Origin: G. Korone, crow ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Korotkoff sounds
Sound's heard over an artery when pressure over it is reduced below systolic arterial pressure, as when blood pressure is determined by the auscultatory method. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Korotkoff, Nikolai
<person> Russian physician, 1874-1920. ... See: Korotkoff sounds, Korotkoff's test. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Korotkoff's test
A test of collateral circulation; while the artery above an aneurysm is compressed, the blood pressure in the distal circulation is estimated; if it is fairly high, the collateral circulation is good. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Korsakoff, Sergei
<person> Russian neurologist, 1853-1900. ... See: Korsakoff's psychosis, Korsakoff's syndrome, Wernicke-Korsakoff encephalopathy, Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Korsakoff's psychosis
Synonym for Korsakoff's syndrome ... <syndrome> May occur as a sequel to chronic alcohol abuse. Features include personality changes, confabulation, psychosis, disorientation, polyneuritis, insomnia and hallucinations. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...