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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

ketanserin
<chemical> A selective serotonin receptor antagonist with weak adrenergic receptor blocking properties. The drug is effective in lowering blood pressure in essential hypertension. It also inhibits platelet aggregation. It is well tolerated and is particularly effective in older patients. ... Pharmacological action: antihypertensive agents, pla …

ketene
CH2==C==O;a very reactive acetylating agent, used in chemical syntheses. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ketimine
R-N==C(R')(R'');a tautomer of an aldimine, formed in many enzyme-catalyze reactions; e.g., aminotransferases. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ketimine reductase
<enzyme> Reduces ketimines arising from the deamination of sulfur amino acids to the corresponding saturated 7 member thiazepine carboxylic acids ... Registry number: EC 1.5.1.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

keto acid
An acid containing a ketone group (-CO-) in addition to the acid group(s); alpha-keto acid refers to a 2-oxo acid (e.g., pyruvic acid); beta-keto acid refers to a 3-oxo acid (e.g., acetoacetic acid), etc. ... Synonym: oxo acid. ... Alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase, one of several distinct multienzyme complexes that catalyses the formation of an acyl-CoA …

keto-
Combining form denoting a compound containing a ketone group; replaced by oxo-in systematic nomenclature. ... Origin: Ger. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ketoacidemia
Synonym for maple syrup urine disease ... Hereditary disease due to deficiency of an enzyme involved in amino acid metabolism, characterised by urine that smells like maple syrup. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

ketoacidosis
<biochemistry, endocrinology> Acidosis accompanied by the accumulation of ketone bodies (ketosis) in the body tissues and fluids, as in diabetic acidosis. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

ketoaciduria
Excretion of urine having an elevated content of ketonic acids. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ketocholesterols
Cholesterol substituted in any position by a keto moiety. The 7-keto isomer inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase activity and inhibits cholesterol uptake in the coronary arteries and aorta in vitro. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

ketoconazole
<drug> An antifungal medication available in pill and liquid form that is effective against a variety of fungal infections such as oral, vaginal and oesophageal thrush and cryptococcosis. ... Possible side effects include serious liver damage and reduced testosterone levels. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

ketogenesis
Metabolic production of ketones or ketone bodies. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ketogenic
Giving rise to ketone bodies in metabolism. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ketogenic corticoids test
Synonym for 17-ketogenic steroid assay test ... A colourimetric test, based on the Zimmermann reaction, which indicates metabolites or adrenal and testicular steroids excreted as 17-ketones in the urine; increased values are most striking in adrenocortical tumours, decreased values in Addison's disease or in panhypopituitarism. ... Synonym: ketogenic …

ketogenic diet
A high-fat, low-carbohydrate, and normal protein diet causing ketosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ketogenic-antiketogenic ratio
The proportion between substances that form ketones in the body and those that form d-glucose. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex
<enzyme> Chemical name: 2-Oxoglutarate:lipoamide 2-oxidoreductase (decarboxylating and acceptor-succinylating) ... Registry number: EC 1.2.4.2 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

ketoglutaric acids
A family of compounds containing an oxo group with the general structure of 1,5-pentanedioic acid. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

ketoheptose
A seven-carbon sugar possessing a ketone group. ... Synonym: heptulose. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ketohexose
A six-carbon sugar possessing a ketone group; e.g., fructose. ... Synonym: hexulose. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ketohydroxyestrin
Synonym for estrone ... <chemical> 3-hydroxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-one. A metabolite of estradiol but possessing less biological activity. It is found in the urine of pregnant women and mares, in the human placenta, and in the urine of bulls and stallions. According to the fourth annual report on carcinogens (ntp 85-002, 1985), estrone may r …

ketol-acid reductoisomerase
<enzyme> Dihydroxyisovalerate dehydrogenase (isomerizing) was classified as EC 1.1.1.89 (72-75) ... Registry number: EC 1.1.1.86 ... Synonym: isomeroreductase, hydroxyacid reductoisomerase, dihydroxyisovalerate dehydrogenase (isomerizing), alpha-acetohydroxyacid isomeroreductase, acetohydroxy acid isomeroreductase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

ketole
Synonym for indole ... 1. 2,3-Benzopyrrole;basis of many biologically active substances (e.g., serotonin, tryptophan); formed in degradation of tryptophan. ... Synonym: ketole. ... 2. Any of many alkaloids containing the indole structure. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ketole group
Carbons 1 and 2 of a 2-ketose (HOCH2CO-); trans-ketolation from d-xylose 5-phosphate to C-1 of aldoses is important in various metabolic pathways involving carbohydrates (e.g., photosynthesis, Dickens shunt); the two-carbon unit is transferred as a,beta-dihydroxyethyl thiamin pyrophosphate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ketolytic
Causing the dissolution of ketone or acetone substances, referring usually to oxidation products of glucose and allied substances. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ketonaemia
<biochemistry> Medical term describing the condition of having excess ketone bodies in the bloodstream. ... Origin: Gr. Haima = blood ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

ketone
<biochemistry> A byproduct of fat metabolism. An overabundance of ketones in the bloodstream is seen in a severe metabolic derangement known as diabetic ketoacidosis. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

ketone alcohol
A compound containing a carbonyl or ketone group as well as a hydroxyl group; e.g., dihydroxyacetone. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ketone bodies
The substances beta-hydroxybutyric acid, acetoacetic acid, and acetone, which are produced by fatty acid and carbohydrate metabolism in the liver in approximately a 78:20:2 ratio. Acetoacetate is produced from acetyl-CoA. most is enzymatically converted to beta-ketobutyrate, but a small amount is spontaneously decarboxylated to acetone. The ketone …

ketone body
<biochemistry> Any of the three compounds created by acetyl coenzyme A (acetoacetate, hydroxybutyrate, and acetone) which are water-soluble cellular fuels normally exported by the liver. ... They can build up in the blood and body tissues because of starvation, untreated diabetes mellitus, or other disorders that interfere with carbohydrate me …

ketone oxidoreductases
<enzyme> Registry number: EC 1.2. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

ketone-aldehyde mutase
Synonym for lactoylglutathione lyase ... <enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the interconversion of methylglyoxal and lactate, with glutathione serving as a coenzyme. ... Chemical name: S-Lactoyl-glutathione methylglyoxal-lyase (isomerizing) ... Registry number: EC 4.4.1.5 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

ketonimine dyes
Dye's in which the chromophore is ==C==NH connected to two benzene rings; alkylamino groups are added para to the methane carbon on both rings. The most important member for biological purposes is auramine O; an alternative formulation is as a diphenylmethane dye. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ketonization
Conversion into a ketone. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ketonuria
<biochemistry> The presence of ketone bodies in the urine, this is a symptom of diabetes mellitus. ... Origin: Gr. Ouron = urine ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

ketopantoic acid
Oxidised precursor of pantoic acid, intermediate on the synthetic pathway between alpha-ketoisovaleric acid and pantothenic acid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ketopentose
A five-carbon sugar in which carbons 2, 3, or 4 make up part of a carbonyl group; e.g., ribulose. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ketoprofen
<chemical> 3-benzoyl-alpha-methylbenzeneacetic acid. An ibuprofen-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. ... Pharmacological action: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, cyclooxygenase inhibitors. ... Chemical name: Benzeneacetic acid, 3-benzoyl-alpha-methyl-< …

ketorolac
A pyrrolo-pyrrole non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with antipyretic and analgesic properties; similar in actions to ibuprofen but substantially more potent and capable of relieving severe pain. Often used by injection. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ketose
<biochemistry> A simple sugar that has a ketoneas its carbonyl group. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

ketose reductase
Synonym for d-sorbitol-6-phosphate dehydrogenase ... An oxidoreductase that catalyses the interconversion of d-sorbitol 6-phosphate and NAD+ to d-fructose 6-phosphate and NADH. A key step in fructose metabolism in the lens. ... Synonym: ketose reductase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ketose-1-phosphate aldolase
Fructose bisphosphate aldolase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ketosis
<biochemistry> Metabolic production of abnormal amounts of ketones. A consequence of diabetes melittus. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

ketosis-prone diabetes
Type I or juvenile diabetes mellitus, in which inadequate treatment leads to development of ketoacidosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ketosis-resistant diabetes
Type II or adult onset diabetes mellitus, in which episodes of ketoacidosis rarely occur. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ketosteroid
<biochemistry> A steroid-like chemical which is a by-product of the breakdown of certain steroids. ... They are found in urine and measuring them can give a good indication of the level of androgen production in the body. The major ketosteroids are: androsterone, etiocholanone and oestrone. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

ketosteroids
Steroid derivatives formed by oxidation of a methyl group on the side chain or a methylene group in the ring skeleton to form a ketone. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

ketosuccinic acid
Synonym for oxaloacetic acid ... HOOC-CO-CH2COOH;a ketodicarboxylic acid and important intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle; the product formed when l-aspartic acid acts as an amine donor in transamination reactions. ... Synonym: ketosuccinic acid, oxosuccinic acid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ketosuria
The presence of ketones in the urine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ketotetrose
A four-carbon sugar possessing a ketone group; e.g., erythrulose. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ketotic
Pertaining to ketone bodies; presence of acidosis due to excess ketone body production such as occurs in uncontrolled insulin-dependent diabetes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ketotifen
<chemical> A cycloheptathiophene that interferes with the release of inflammatory mediators and blocks histamine h1 receptors. It has been proposed as an anti-asthmatic and for the treatment of rhinitis, skin allergies, and anaphylaxis. ... Pharmacological action: anti-allergic agents, antipruritics, histamine h1 antagonists. ... Chemical name: …

ketotriose
A three-carbon sugar possessing a ketone group; i.e., dihydroxyacetone. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Kety-Schmidt method
A method for measuring organ blood flow first applied to the brain in 1944 by C. F. Schmidt and S. S. Kety. A chemically inert indicator gas is equilibrated with the tissue of the organ of interest and the rate of disappearance from the organ is measured. Blood flow is calculated on the assumption that the tissue and venous blood concentrations of …

keV
<abbreviation> Kiloelectron volts, a unit of effective mean X-ray tube voltage in diagnostic radiography. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Kew Gardens fever
An alternative term for rickettsialpox. ... Origin: Kew Gardens, area in Queens, NYC, where first reported ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

key
To fasten or secure firmly; to fasten or tighten with keys or wedges. To key up. ... To raise the pitch of. Hence, fig, to produce nervous tension in. ... Origin: Keved; Keying. ... 1. An instrument by means of which the bolt of a lock is shot or drawn; usually, a removable metal instrument fitted to the mechanism of a particular lock and operated by …

key attachment
Synonym for precision attachment ... A frictional or mechanically retained unit used in fixed or removable prosthodontics, consisting of closely fitting male and female parts, an attachment that may be rigid in function or may incorporate a movable stress control unit to reduce the torque on the abutment. ... Synonym: frictional attachment, internal …

key ridge
Synonym for zygomaxillare ... A craniometric point located externally at the lowest extent of the zygomaticomaxillary suture. ... Synonym: key ridge, zygomaxillary point. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

key vein
<anatomy, vein> A deep-seated, dilated vein causing a 'spider burst' on the surface. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Key-Gaskell syndrome
Synonym for canine dysautonomia ... A newly recognised disease of dogs characterised by dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system. ... Synonym: Key-Gaskell syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

key-in-lock manoeuvre
A method by which obstetrical forceps are used to rotate the foetal head. ... Synonym: DeLee's manoeuvre. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Key-Retzius corpuscles
Tactile corpuscle's, resembling pacinian corpuscle's, found in the beak of certain aquatic birds. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Key, Ernst
<person> Swedish anatomist and physician, 1832-1901. ... See: Key-Retzius corpuscles, foramen of Key-Retzius, sheath of Key and Retzius. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

keyhole deformity
Mucosal ectropion at the posterior edge of the anus following sphincterotomy at that location. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

keyhole pupil
A pupil with a coloboma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

keyhole surgery
<procedure> A type of operation performed using a flexible endoscope via a small incision in the skin which allows the instrument to be passed into a cavity. There are now reservations by some experts regarding the use of this procedure in the cancer surgery. ... (16 Dec 1997) ...

keyway
The female portion of a precision attachment. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

keyway attachment
Synonym for precision attachment ... A frictional or mechanically retained unit used in fixed or removable prosthodontics, consisting of closely fitting male and female parts, an attachment that may be rigid in function or may incorporate a movable stress control unit to reduce the torque on the abutment. ... Synonym: frictional attachment, internal …

kg
<abbreviation> Kilogram. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

khat
The tender fresh parts of Catha edulis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

khellin
<chemical> A vasodilator that also has bronchodilatory action. It has been employed in the treatment of angina pectoris, in the treatment of asthma, and in conjunction with ultraviolet light a, has been tried in the treatment of vitiligo. ... Pharmacological action: bronchodilator agents, vasodilator agents. ... Chemical name: 5H-Furo(3,2-g)(1) …

KHN
<abbreviation> Knoop hardness number. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Ki
Symbol for the dissociation constant of an inhibitor; in enzyme kinetics, Kii reflects the values of Ki that affect the intercept of a double-reciprocal plot while Kis reflects the values of Ki that affect the slope of the same plot. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Ki-1+ lymphoma
Synonym for anaplastic large cell lymphoma ... <tumour> A form of lymphoma characterised by anaplasia of cells, sinusoidal growth, and immunoreactivity with CD30 (Ki-1 or Ber-H2). ... Synonym: Ki-1+ lymphoma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ki-67 antigen
A cell cycle and tumour growth marker which can be readily detected using immunocytochemistry methods. Ki-67 is a nuclear antigen present only in the nuclei of cycling cells. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

kick
A brisk mechanical stimulus. ... Atrial kick, the priming force contributed by atrial contraction immediately before ventricular systole to increase the efficiency of ventricular ejection due to increased preload. ... Idioventricular kick, the increased contractility of the initially contracting ventricular fibres which, by stretching the later contr …

kickapoos
<ethnology> A tribe of Indians which formerly occupied the region of Northern Illinois, allied in language to the Sacs and Foxes. Kickback. N. Recoil, of a gun or machine, as in older automobile engines when started by turning a crank. 2. A secret, and usually illegal, payment, by a recipient of money paid for goods or services, to a facilita …

kid
1. <zoology> A young goat. 'The . . . Leopard shall lie down with the kid.' (Is. Xi. 6). ... 2. A young child or infant; hence, a simple person, easily imposed on. ... 3. A kind of leather made of the skin of the young goat, or of the skin of rats, etc. ... 4. Gloves made of kid. ... 5. A small wooden mess tub; a name given by sailors to one in w …

Kidd blood group
See Blood Groups appendix. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

kidd blood-group system
A group of antigens consisting principally of jk(a) and jk(b), determined by allelic genes. Amorphs are encountered. Antibodies of these substances are usually weak and quite labile, stimulated by erythrocytes. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

kidney
<anatomy> Two glands situated in the upper posterior abdominal cavity, one on either side of the vertebral column. ... The kidneys are shaped like two large beans, and act as a filter. The kidney function is to filter the blood and control the level of some chemicals in the blood such as hydrogen, sodium, potassium, and phosphate and they elim …

kidney basin
A shallow basin of curved, kidney-shaped design, used to collect body fluids or as a container for various other liquids. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

kidney calculi
Calculi occurring in the kidney. Calculi too large to pass spontaneously range in size from 1 cm to the staghorn stones that occupy the renal pelvis and calyces. Bilateral renal calculi cause additional problems, with infection a common occurrence. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

kidney calices
Recesses of the kidney pelvis which divides into two wide, cup-shaped major renal calices, with each major calix subdivided into 7 to 14 minor calices. Urine empties into a minor calix from collecting tubules, then passes through the major calix, renal pelvis, and ureter to enter the urinary bladder. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

kidney concentrating ability
The ability of the kidney to excrete in the urine high concentrations of solutes from the blood plasma. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

kidney cortex
The outer part of the substance of the kidney, composed mainly of glomeruli and convoluted tubules. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

kidney cortex necrosis
The death of all the functioning renal cells of the kidney cortex with continued viability of the majority of the medullary units. It is due usually to the arterial distribution peculiar to the kidney which makes the renal cortex more susceptible to diminished blood flow. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

kidney dialysis
Synonym for dialysis ... <technique> The process of separating crystalloids and colloids in solution by the difference in their rates of diffusion through a semipermeable membrane, crystalloids pass through readily, colloids very slowly or not at all. ... <technique> A medical procedure that uses a machine to filter waste products from th …

kidney disease
<disease> Any one of several chronic conditions that are caused by damage to the cells of the kidney. People who have had diabetes for a long time may have kidney damage. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

kidney failure
<nephrology> The inability of the kidneys to adequately remove wastes from the bloodstream, resulting in severe metabolic derangement's. ... See: acute renal failure. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

kidney failure, acute
A clinical syndrome characterised by a sudden decrease in glomerular filtration rate, often to values of less than 1 to 2 ml per minute. It is usually associated with oliguria (urine volumes of less than 400 ml per day) and is always associated with biochemical consequences of the reduction in glomerular filtration rate such as a rise in blood urea …

kidney failure, chronic
An irreversible and usually progressive reduction in renal function in which both kidneys have been damaged by a variety of diseases to the extent that they are unable to adequately remove the metabolic products from the blood and regulate the body's electrolyte composition and acid-base balance. Chronic kidney failure requires haemodialysis or sur …

kidney glomerulus
Globular tufts of capillaries, one projecting into the expanded end or capsule of each of the uriniferous tubules, which together with its surrounding capsule (glomerular capsule) constitute the renal corpuscle. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

kidney medulla
The internal portion of the kidney, consisting of striated conical masses, the renal pyramids, whose bases are adjacent to the cortex and whose apices form prominent papillae projecting into the lumen of the minor calyces. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

kidney neoplasms
Neoplasms or tumours of the kidney. Renal cell carcinoma is the most common neoplastic lesion of the kidney, accounting for approximately 85% of all kidney neoplasms. The vast majority of these tumours are adenocarcinoma. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

kidney papillary necrosis
A form of acute kidney disease characterised by necrosis of the renal papillae. It is most frequently associated with diabetes mellitus because of the severe vascular disease present in the arteries and capillaries, particularly in the kidney. There is usually a large component of infection present, and in non-diabetics pyelonephritis and obstructi …

kidney pelvis
The expansion from the upper end of the ureter into which the calices of the kidney (kidney calices) open. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

kidney plasminogen activator
<protein> A precursor to the enzyme urokinase that has blood clotting properties. ... (14 Nov 1997) ...

kidney profile
<investigation> A test which includes the measurement of the blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and the creatinine in a venous specimen. This test allows the physician to make a determination of how effectively the kidneys are functioning. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...