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 mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary
Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary
Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK
Words: 116197


juncturae zygapophyseales
Synonym for zygapophyseal joints ... The synovial joints between zygapophyses or articular processes of the vertebrae. ... Synonym: articulationes zygapophyseales, facet joints, interarticular joints, juncturae zygapophyseales. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

juncture
1. A joining; a union; an alliance. 'Devotional compliance and juncture of hearts.' ... 2. The line or point at which two bodies are joined; a joint; an articulation; a seam; as, the junctures of a vessel or of the bones. ... 3. A point of time; especially, one made critical or important by a concurrence of circumstances; hence, a crisis; an exigency …

june
The sixth month of the year, containing thirty days. 'And what is so rare as a day in June? Then, if ever, come perfect days. ... <zoology> ' (Lowell) June beetle, June bug, any one of several species of large brown beetles of the genus Lachnosterna and related genera; so called because they begin to fly, in the northern United States, about t …

Jung, Carl
<person> Swiss psychiatrist and psychologist, 1875-1961. ... See: jungian psychoanalysis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Jung, Karl
<person> Swiss anatomist, 1793-1864. ... See: Jung's muscle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Jung's muscle
Synonym for pyramidal auricular muscle ... <anatomy> An occasional prolongation of the fibres of the tragicus to the spina helicis. ... Synonym: musculus pyramidalis auriculae, Jung's muscle, pyramidal muscle of auricle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

jungian
The psychological system or the psychoanalytic form of treatment deriving from it; developed by Carl Jung. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

jungian psychoanalysis
The theory of psychopathology and the practice of psychotherapy, according to the principles of Jung, which utilises a system of psychology and psychotherapy emphasizing man's symbolic nature, and differs from freudian psychoanalysis especially in placing less significance upon instinctual (sexual) urges. ... Synonym: analytical psychology. ... (05 M …

jungian theory
A theoretical psychoanalytical system centreed around symbols of the unconscious with the unconscious material derived from two sources - the personal unconscious (repressed or forgotten experiences, thoughts and feelings) and the collective or objective unconscious (the universal inherited qualities which dispose the individual to behave as his an …

jungle
A dense growth of brushwood, grasses, reeds, vines, etc.; an almost impenetrable thicket of trees, canes, and reedy vegetation, as in India, Africa, Australia, and Brazil. (Fig) 2. A place of danger or ruthless competition for survival. 'It's a jungle out there' 3. Anything which causes difficulty due to intricacy; as a jungle of environmental regu …

jungle fever
Synonym for malaria ... In humans, the set of diseases caused by infection by the protozoans Plasmodium vivax causing the tertian type, P. Malariae the quartan type and P. Falciparum the quotidian or irregular type of disease, the names referring to the frequency of fevers. The fevers occur when the merozoites are released from the erythrocytes. The …

jungle yellow fever
A form occurring in South America, transmitted by Aedes leucocelaenus and various treetop mosquitoes of the Haemagogus complex; transmitted normally to primates, occasionally by chance to man to set off a human outbreak of classical yellow fever transmitted by Aedes aegypti. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Jungling, Adolph
<person> German surgeon, 1884-1944. ... See: Jungling's disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Jungling's disease
osteitis tuberculosa multiplex cystica ...

junin virus
A species of arenavirus, part of the tacaribe complex viruses, causing argentinian haemorrhagic fever. The disease is characterised by congestion, oedema, generalised lymphadenopathy and haemorrhagic necrosis, leading to death in up to 30% of the cases. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

junior homonym
<zoology> The later published of two or more identical but independently proposed names for the same or different taxa. ... See: Homonym. ... (09 Jan 1998) ...

junior synonym
<zoology> The later published of two or more different names applied to one and the same taxon. ... See: Synonym. ... (09 Jan 1998) ...

juniper
<botany> Any evergreen shrub or tree, of the genus Juniperus and order Coniferae. ... The common juniper (J. Communis) is a shrub of a low, spreading form, having awl-shaped, rigid leaves in whorls of threes, and bearing small purplish blue berries (or galbuli), of a warm, pungent taste, used as diuretic and in flavoring gin. A resin exudes fr …

juniper berry oil
Synonym for oil of juniper ... Volatile oil from the dried ripe fruit (berries) of Juniperus communis (family Cupressaceae). Formerly used as a diuretic. Used in perfumery. ... Synonym: juniper berry oil. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

juniper tar
The empyreumatic volatile oil obtained from the woody portion of Juniperus oxycedrus; used externally for skin diseases. ... Synonym: cade oil. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Junius, Paul
<person> German ophthalmologist, *1871. ... See: Kuhnt-Junius degeneration, Kuhnt-Junius disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

junk
1. Pieces of old cable or old cordage, used for making gaskets, mats, swabs, etc, and when picked to pieces, forming oakum for filling the seams of ships. ... 2. Old iron, or other metal, glass, paper, etc, bought and sold by junk dealers. ... 3. Hard salted beef supplied to ships. Junk bottle, a stout bottle made of thick dark-coloured glass. Junk d …

junk DNA
That portion of DNA which is not transcribed and expressed, comprising about 90% of the 3 billion base pairs of the human genome; its function is not known. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Junod
Victor T., French physician, 1809-1881. ... See: Junod's boot. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Junod's boot
An airtight case into which the arm or leg is inserted and the air is then exhausted; used to divert a portion of the blood temporarily from the general circulation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

jupiter
1. The supreme deity, king of gods and men, and reputed to be the son of Saturn and Rhea; Jove. He corresponds to the Greek Zeus. ... 2. <astronomy> One of the planets, being the brightest except Venus, and the largest of them all, its mean diameter being about 85,000 miles. It revolves about the sun in 4,332.6 days, at a mean distance of 5.20 …

jurel
<zoology> A yellow carangoid fish of the Atlantic and Gulf coasts (Caranx chrysos), most abundant southward, where it is valued as a food fish; called also hardtail, horse crevalle, jack, buffalo jack, skipjack, yellow mackerel, and sometimes, improperly, horse mackerel. Other species of Caranx (as C. Fallax) are also sometimes called jurel.< …

jurisprudence
The science of juridical law; the knowledge of the laws, customs, and rights of men in a state or community, necessary for the due administration of justice. 'The talents of Abelard were not confined to theology, jurisprudence, philosophy.' (J. Warton) Medical jurisprudence, that branch of juridical law which concerns questions of medicine. ... Orig …

jurkat cells
A cell line derived from human T-cell leukaemia and used to determine the mechanism of differential susceptibility to anti-cancer drugs and radiation. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

just
1. Precisely; exactly; in place, time, or degree; neither more nor less than is stated. 'And having just enough, not covet more.' (Dryden) 'The god Pan guided my hand just to the heart of the beast.' (Sir P. Sidney) 'To-night, at Herne's oak, just 'twixt twelve and one.' (Shak) ... 2. Closely; nearly; almost. 'Just at the point of death.' (Sir W. Te …

justice
The ethical principle that persons who have similar circumstances and conditions should be treated alike; sometimes known as distributive justice. ... Origin: L. Justitia, fr. Jus, right, law ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

justification
1. The act of justifying or the state of being justified; a showing or proving to be just or conformable to law, justice, right, or duty; defense; vindication; support; as, arguments in justification of the prisoner's conduct; his disobedience admits justification. 'I hope, for my brother's justification, he wrote this but as an essay or taste of m …

justify
1. To prove or show to be just; to vindicate; to maintain or defend as conformable to law, right, justice, propriety, or duty. 'That to the height of this great argument I may assert eternal providence, And justify the ways of God to men.' (Milton) 'Unless the oppression is so extreme as to justify revolution, it would not justify the evil of break …

justo major
See: pelvis justo major. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

justo minor
See: pelvis justo minor. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

jute netting
A natural fibre mesh used to hold soil and plants in place on eroding slopes. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

juvenile
Pertaining to youth or childhood, young or immature. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

juvenile absence epilepsy
A generalised epilepsy syndrome with onset around puberty, characterised by absence seizures and generalised tonic-clonic seizures. EEG often shows a greater than 3 Hz generalised spike wave pattern. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

juvenile angiofibroma
<oncology, tumour> A benign tumour of the posterior nasopharynx that is most common in adolescent boys. ... Symptoms repeated epistaxis, nasal congestion, nasal discharge and hearing loss. A skull X-ray or a CT scan of the head can confirm the presence of an angiofibroma. Treatment may include the surgical removal of the lesion if it is enlarg …

juvenile arrhythmia
Synonym for sinus arrhythmia ... <cardiology, physiology> An increase in heart rate during inspiration. A normal physiologic response, more pronounced in children. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

juvenile carcinoma
Synonym for secretory carcinoma ... <tumour> Carcinoma of the breast with pale-staining cells showing prominent secretory activity, as seen in pregnancy and lactation, but found mostly in children. ... Synonym: juvenile carcinoma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

juvenile cataract
A soft cataract occurring in a child or young adult. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

juvenile cell
Synonym for metamyelocyte ... A transitional form of myelocyte with nuclear construction that is intermediate between the mature myelocyte (myelocyte C of Sabin) and the two-lobed granular leukocyte. ... Synonym: juvenile cell. ... Origin: meta-+ G. Myelos, marrow, + kytos, cell ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

juvenile cerebellar astrocytoma
Synonym for cerebellar astrocytoma ... <oncology, tumour> This primary brain tumour of the cerebellum accounts for 10 to 30% of brain tumours in children. The are usually slow growing and benign. ... Symptoms include gait problems, clumsiness, headache and vomiting. Treatment often involves a combination of surgery, radiation therapy and chemot …

juvenile chorea
Synonym for Sydenham's chorea ... A postinfectious chorea appearing several months after a streptococcal infection with subsequent rheumatic fever. The chorea typically involves the distal limbs and is associated with hypotonia and emotional lability. Improvement occurs over weeks or months and exacerbations occur without associated infection recurr …

juvenile chronic arthritis
juvenile arthritis ...

juvenile cirrhosis
Synonym for chronic active hepatitis ... <pathology> This is a form of continuing liver inflammation that results in liver cell death. Causes include viral infection (hepatitis D, hepatitis B, hepatitis C), autoimmune disease, drug ingestion or metabolic causes. Chronic active hepatitis will lead to hepatic failure and death in a small percent …

juvenile delinquency
The antisocial acts of children or persons under age which are illegal or lawfully interpreted as constituting delinquency. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

juvenile delinquent
A minor who cannot be controlled by parental authority and commits antisocial or criminal acts, such as vandalism, violence, or robbery. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

juvenile diabetes
<endocrinology> A severe metabolic disorder which has an abrupt onset before the age of twenty. In it, an insulin deficiency prevents the body from using carbohydrates properly and forces it to rely mainly on protein metabolism. ... Treatment of the disease includes strict dietary regulation and mandatory insulin injections. ... (09 Oct 1997)
juvenile elastoma
<dermatology> A connective tissue nevus characterised by an increase in the number and size of the elastic fibres. ... See: osteodermatopoikilosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

juvenile haemangiofibroma
Synonym for juvenile angiofibroma ... <oncology, tumour> A benign tumour of the posterior nasopharynx that is most common in adolescent boys. ... Symptoms repeated epistaxis, nasal congestion, nasal discharge and hearing loss. A skull X-ray or a CT scan of the head can confirm the presence of an angiofibroma. Treatment may include the surgical …

juvenile hormone
<endocrinology> A hormone found in insects which affects the balance between mature and juvenile attributes of certain tissues at each moult. In particular, the imaginal discs of many larval insects only develop into adult wings, sexual organs or limbs when blood juvenile hormone levels fall below a threshold level. There is a complex interac …

juvenile hormone esterase
<enzyme> Amino acid sequence has been determined ... Registry number: EC 3.1.1.- ... Synonym: jh esterase, insect jhe ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

juvenile hormones
Compounds, either natural or synthetic, which block development of the growing insect. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

juvenile hyalin fibromatosis
A rare recessively inherited deforming disorder of head, neck, and generalised cutaneous nodules or tumours in children with normal mentality; the lesions consist of fibroblasts separated by an eosinophilic hyalin stroma composed mostly of glycosaminoglycans. ... Synonym: systemic hyalinosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

juvenile kyphosis
Synonym for scheuermann's disease ... Osteochondrosis of the vertebral epiphyses in children. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

juvenile muscular atrophy
Synonym for juvenile spinal muscular atrophy ... Slowly progressive proximal muscular weakness and wasting, beginning in childhood, caused by degeneration of motor neurons in the anterior horns of the spinal cord; onset usually between 2 and 17 years of age; usually autosomal recessive inheritance. ... Synonym: juvenile muscular atrophy, Kugelberg-We …

juvenile myoclonic epilepsy
An epilepsy syndrome typically beginning in early adolescence, and characterised by early morning myoclonic jerks that may progress into a generalised tonic-clonic seizure. A genetic disorder: some families have had gene linkage to chromosome-6. The EEG is characterised by generalised polyspike and wave discharges at 4-6 Hz. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

juvenile onset diabetes
A form of diabetes which has its onset in childhood. Also referred to as type I diabetes, juvenile onset diabetes or insulin-dependent diabetes. The exact cause is unknown but genetic factors seem to play a major role. ... Symptoms include excessive thirst, increased urination, weight loss (despite increased appetite), nausea, vomiting, fatigue and …

juvenile palmo-plantar fibromatosis
Fibromatosis that occurs in children from birth to adolescence as a single poorly demarcated nodule of the thenar or hypothenar eminence or overlying the calcaneus of the mid-sole. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

juvenile papillomatosis
A form of fibrocystic disease of the breast in young women, with florid and sclerosing adenosis that microscopically may suggest carcinoma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

juvenile pattern
A precordial T-wave inversion, sometimes with J-ST elevations in an electrocardiogram, resembling that seen in normal children, which occurs as a normal variant in some adults, especially blacks, and especially in leads V1, V2, and V3. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

juvenile pelvis
A pelvis justo minor in which the bones are slender. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

juvenile periodontitis
A degenerative periodontal disease of adolescents in which the periodontal destruction is out of proportion to the local irritating factors present on the adjacent teeth; inflammatory changes become superimposed, and bone loss, migration, and extrusion are observed. Two forms are recognised: 1) localised, in which the destruction is limited to the …

juvenile polyp
A smoothly rounded mucosal hamartoma of the large bowel, which may be multiple and cause rectal bleeding, especially in the first decade of life; it is not precancerous. ... Synonym: retention polyp. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

juvenile polyposis coli
<radiology> Benign polyposis, inheritance uncertain, inflammatory or retention polyps: round, smooth, soft, mucin-filled, non-neoplastic, onset less than 10 yrs, polyps can prolapse through anus, associated with diarrhoea, protein loss see: polyposis syndromes, Cronkhite-Canada syndrome ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

juvenile retinoschisis
Retinoschisis occurring before 10 years of age and within the nerve-fibre layer, with frequent macular involvement; at first, the inner wall is a translucent veil-like membrane, but it becomes more dense and may render the retina white; autosomal recessive inheritance. There is a form of this condition in middle age that is X-linked and a rare auto …

juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
<pathology> Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) is a form of rheumatoid arthritis in children that generally occurs prior to age 16. In contrast with the adult type, a fever is more pronounced. Cardiac involvement with pericarditis is more common. The arthritis favors one or more large joints and can interfere with normal bone growth. A posit …

juvenile spinal muscular atrophy
Slowly progressive proximal muscular weakness and wasting, beginning in childhood, caused by degeneration of motor neurons in the anterior horns of the spinal cord; onset usually between 2 and 17 years of age; usually autosomal recessive inheritance. ... Synonym: juvenile muscular atrophy, Kugelberg-Welander disease, Wohlfart-Kugelberg-Welander dise …

juvenile xanthogranuloma
Single or multiple reddish to yellow papules or nodules, usually found in young children, consisting of dermal infiltration by histiocytes and Touton giant cells, with increasing fibrosis. ... Synonym: nevoxanthoendothelioma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

juxta-articular nodules
Synonym for Jeanselme's nodules ... A form of tertiary yaws that is characterised by the occurrence of nodule's on the arms and legs, situated usually near the joints. ... Synonym: juxta-articular nodules. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

juxtacortical chondroma
Synonym for periosteal chondroma ... <tumour> A chondroma that develops from periosteum or periosteal connective tissue. ... Synonym: juxtacortical chondroma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

juxtacortical osteogenic sarcoma
<tumour> A form of osteogenic sarcoma of relatively low malignancy, probably arising from the periosteum and initially involving cortical bone and adjacent connective tissue, which occurs in middle-aged as well as young adults and most commonly affects the lower part of the femoral shaft. ... Synonym: periosteal sarcoma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

juxtacrine
A mode of hormone action that requires the cell producing the effector to be in direct contact with the cell containing the appropriate receptor. ... Origin: L. Juxta, close to, + G. Krino, to separate ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

juxtacrine activation
Activation of target cells by membrane anchored growth factors, also used for activation of leucocytes by PAF bound to endothelial cell surface. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

juxtaepiphysial
Close to or adjoining an epiphysis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

juxtaglomerular
Close to or adjoining a renal glomerulus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

juxtaglomerular body
A collection of cells around the renal glomerular arterioles that contain cytoplasmic granules, probably composed of renin. ... Synonym: periarterial pad. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

juxtaglomerular cells
Cell's, located at the vascular pole of the renal corpuscle that secrete renin and form a component of the juxtaglomerular complex; they are modified smooth muscle cell's primarily of the afferent arteriole of the renal glomerulus. ... Synonym: Goormaghtigh's cells. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

juxtaglomerular granules
Osmophilic secretory granule's present in the juxtaglomerular cells, thought to contain renin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

juxtallocortex
O. Vogt's collective term for several regions of the cerebral cortex which occupy an intermediate position between the isocortex and the allocortex. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

juxtamedullary
Close to or adjoining the medullary border. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

juxtamedullary glomerulus
A glomerulus close to the medullary border. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

juxtaphrenic peak
On chest radiograph, a triangular density on top of the right diaphragmatic shadow, probably caused by tension of the phrenic nerve on the pleura over the diaphragm. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

juxtaposition
A position side by side. ... See: apposition, contiguity. ... Origin: L. Juxta, near to, + positio, a placing, fr. Pono, pp. Positus, to place ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

juxtapupillary choroiditis
Choroiditis adjacent to the optic disk. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

juxtarestiform body
A medial (smaller) subdivision of the inferior cerebellar peduncle (corpus restiforme) composed of fibres reciprocally connecting the vestibular nuclei with the cerebellum, in particular the latter's nodulus, flocculus, and uvula vermis. It also carries primary sensory fibres from the vestibular ganglia to the cerebellum, as well as cerebellar proj …

K antigen
Capsular antigens of bacteria usually polysaccharide. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

K antigens
Synonym for Kell blood group ... <haematology, immunology> Blood type classification based on a group of erythrocyte antigens that is characterised by an antibody called anti-K. ... Multiple erythrocytic antigens that comprise at least three pairs of alternates and amorphs, determined by one complex gene or possibly several genes at closely lin …

K blood group
K blood group ... See Kell blood group, Blood Groups appendix. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

K capture
Synonym for electron capture ... <radiobiology> Nuclear decay process whereby a proton in the nucleus absorbs an orbiting electron and converts to a neutron. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

K cell
Synonym for killer cell ... 1. <immunology> Mammalian cells which can lyse antibody coated target cells. They have a receptor for the Fc portion of IgG and are probably of the mononuclear phagocyte lineage, though some may be lymphocytes. Not to be confused with cytotoxic T-cells which recognise targets by other means and are clearly a sub set …

K cells
Synonym for killer cells ... Lymphocyte-like effector cells which mediate antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity. They kill antibody-coated target cells which they bind with their fc receptors. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

K complex
High amplitude, diphasic frontocental slow waves in the electroencephalogram related to arousal from sleep by a sound; characteristic of sleep stages 2, 3, and 4. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

K luyvera
Newly named genus of Enterobacteriaceae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

K region
Carbons 9 and 10 of the phenanthrene ring system; thought by some to be the reactive spot in the various hydrocarbon carcinogens. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

k selection
<zoology> In evolution, the selection of traits that aid an organisms competitive capability when the population is at or near its carrying capacity. ... (21 Mar 1998) ...

K shell
The innermost electron orbit or shell; it can hold two electrons. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

K virus
A polyomavirus, family Papovaviridae, that causes pneumonia in young mice by various routes of inoculation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...