Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

ischemic bowel disease
ischemic colitis.

ischemic colitis
acute vascular insufficiency of the colon, usually involving the portion supplied by the inferior mesenteric artery. Symptoms include pain at the left iliac fossa, bloody diarrhea, low-grade fever, abdominal distention and tenderness, and eventually ulceration of the mucous membrane.

ischemic forearm test
(for metabolic myopathies) blood flow in the forearm is impeded using a blood pressure cuff, blocking oxidative phosphorylation and causing dependence on anaerobic processes; normal subjects will show rises in ammonia, lactate, and pyruvate, whereas those with metabolic myopathies will not.

ischemic heart disease
heart disease that causes narrowing of coronary arteries, leading to inadequate blood supply to the myocardium. heart disease that occurs as a result of inadequate blood supply to the myocardium, as in myocardial infarction and angina pectoris. Called also coronary heart disease.

ischemic muscular atrophy
Volkmann contracture.

ischemic necrosis
coagulation necrosis.

ischemic nephropathy
nephropathy resulting from partial or complete obstruction of a renal artery with ischemia, accompanied by a significant reduction in the glomerular filtration rate.

ischemic neuropathy
an injury to a peripheral nerve caused by a reduction in blood supply.

ischemic paralysis
local paralysis due to stoppage of circulation.

ischemic reflex
the elevation of arterial pressure in response to cerebral ischemia.

ischesis
(is-ke´sis) suppression of a discharge.

ischiadic
(is″ke-ad´ik) ischial. sciatic (def. 2).

ischiadic nerve
sciatic nerve.

ischial
(is´ke-әl) pertaining to the ischium; called also ischiadic, ischiatic, and sciatic

ischial bone
ischium.

ischialgia
(is″ke-al´jә) pain in the ischium.

ischiatic
(is″ke-at´ik) ischial. sciatic (def. 2).

ischiatic hernia
sciatic hernia.

ischiobulbar
(is″ke-o-bul´bәr) pertaining to the ischium and the bulb of the urethra.

ischiocapsular
(is″ke-o-kap´su-lәr) pertaining to the ischium and the capsular ligament of the hip joint.

ischiocavernosus muscle
ischiocavernous muscle: origin, ramus of ischium; insertion, crus of penis (or of clitoris); innervation, perineal nerves; action, maintains erection of penis (clitoris).

ischiococcygeal
(is″ke-o-kok-sij´e-әl) pertaining to the ischium and coccyx.

ischiococcygeus muscle
coccygeus muscle.

ischiodidymus
(is″ke-o-did´ĭ-mәs) conjoined twins united at the pelvis.

ischiodynia
(is″ke-o-din´e-ә) pain in the ischium.

ischiofemoral
(is″ke-o-fem´o-rәl) pertaining to the ischium and femur.

ischiogluteal bursitis
inflammation of the bursa over the ischial tuberosity, characterized by sudden onset of excruciating pain over the center of the buttock and down the back of the leg.

ischiopagus
(is-ke-op´ә-gәs) conjoined twins fused at the ischial region.

ischiopubic
(is″ke-o-pu´bik) pertaining to the ischium and pubes.

ischiorectal
(is″ke-o-rek´tәl) pertaining to the ischium and rectum.

ischiorectal fossa
a potential space between the pelvic diaphragm and the skin below it; an anterior recess extends a variable distance.

ischiorectal hernia
perineal hernia.

ischium
(is´ke-әm) the inferior, dorsal portion of the hip bone. It is a separate bone in early life.

ischuria
(is-ku´re-ә) urinary retention. adj., ischuret´ic., adj.

iseikonia
(i″si-ko´ne-ә) isoiconia. adj., iseikon´ic., adj.

isethionate
(i″sә-thi´ә-nāt) USAN contraction for 2-hydroxyethanesulfonate.

Ishihara chart
the pseudoisochromatic chart used in the Ishihara test.

Ishihara test
(ish″e-hah´rah) a test for color vision made by the use of a series of pseudoisochromatic plates or charts.

ISID
International Society of Infectious Diseases.

island
(i´lәnd) a cluster of cells or an isolated piece of tissue. blood islands aggregations of mesenchymal cells in the angioblast of the embryo, developing into vascular endothelium and blood cells. islands of Langerhans islets of Langerhans. ...

island disease
scrub typhus.

island fever
scrub typhus.

island flap
one consisting of skin and subcutaneous tissue, with a pedicle made up of only the nutrient vessels.

islet
(i´let) an island. islets of Langerhans , pancreatic islets irregular microscopic structures scattered throughout the pancreas and comprising its endocrine portion. They contain the alpha cells, which secrete the hyperglycemic factor glucagon; the beta cells, whi...

islet cell adenoma
a benign islet cell tumor.

islet cell tumor
any of various types of tumors of the islets of Langerhans; many secrete excessive amounts of hormones. Types include gastrinoma, glucagonoma, insulinoma, somatostatinoma, and VIPoma.

islet cells
the endocrine cells of the islets of Langerhans; see alpha cell, beta cell, and delta cell.

Ismelin
(is´mә-lin) trademark for a preparation of guanethidine monosulfate, an antihypertensive agent.

isoagglutinin
(i″so-ә-gloo´tĭ-nin) an isoantibody capable of agglutinating cells of other individuals of the same species.

isoallele
(i″so-ә-lēl´) an allele that appears phenotypically identical to another, but that can be distinguished at the protein or DNA level.

isoamylase
(i″so-am´ĭ-lās) any of the several isoenzymes of α-amylase. a hydrolase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,6-α-glycosidic branch linkages in glycogen and amylopectin.

isoantibody
(i-so-an´tĭ-bod″e) an antibody produced by one individual that reacts with isoantigens of another individual of the same species; called also alloantibody.

isoantigen
(i″so-an´tĭ-jәn) an antigen existing in more than one form in a species (see allele), thus inducing an immune response when one form is transferred to members of the species who lack it; typical isoantigens are the blood group antigens.

isobar
(i´so-bahr) one of two or more chemical species with the same atomic weight but different atomic numbers. a line on a map or chart depicting the boundaries of an area of constant atmospheric pressure.

isobaric
(i″so-bar´ik) having equal or constant pressure or weight across space or time.

isobaric solution
a solution having the same specific gravity as a standard of reference.

isobestic point
the wavelength at which two substances have the same absorptivity, such that if the sum of the concentrations of the compounds in solution is held constant, the absorbance at this point will be invariant as the ratio of the two compounds is varied; existence of one or more such points is indicative of chemical equilibrium...

isocarboxazid
(i″so-kahr-bok´sә-zid) a monoamine oxidase inhibitor administered orally as an antidepressant and in the prevention of migraine.

isocellular
(i″so-sel´u-lәr) made up of identical cells.

isochromatic
(i″so-kro-mat´ik) of the same color throughout.

isochromatophil
(i″so-kro-mat´o-fil) staining equally with the same stain.

isochromosome
(i″so-kro´mә-sōm) an abnormal chromosome having a median centromere and two identical arms, formed by transverse, rather than normal longitudinal, splitting of a replicating chromosome.

isochronic
(i″so-kron´ik) isochronous.

isochronous
(i-sok´rә-nәs) performed in equal times; said of motions and vibrations occurring at the same time and being equal in duration. Called also isochronic.

isocitric acid
(i″so-sit´rik) an intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, formed from oxaloacetic acid and itself converted to ketoglutaric acid.

isocoria
(i″so-kor´e-ә) equality of size of the pupils of the two eyes.

isocortex
(i″so-kor´teks) neocortex.

isocytolysin
(i″so-si-tol´ә-sin) an isoantibody that causes destruction of the cells of animals of the same species.

isocytosis
(i″so-si-to´sis) equality in size of cells, especially of erythrocytes.

isodactylism
(i-so-dak´tәl-iz-әm) relatively even length of the fingers.

isodiametric
(i″so-di″ә-met´rik) having the same diameter in all directions.

isodontic
(i″so-don´tik) having all the teeth of the same size and shape.

isodose
(i´so-dōs″) a radiation dose of equal intensity to more than one body area.

isoelectric
(i″so-e-lek´trik) showing no variation in electric potential.

isoelectric period
the moment in muscular contraction when no deflection of the galvanometer is produced.

isoelectric point
(pI) the pH of a solution in which molecules of a specific substance, such as a protein, have equal numbers of positively and negatively charged groups and therefore do not migrate in an electric field.

isoenzyme
(i″so-en´zīm) isozyme.

isoetharine
(i″so-eth´ә-rēn) a sympathomimetic amine having more effect on the β2-adrenergic receptors of the bronchi and vascular smooth muscle than on the β1-adrenergic receptors of the heart; used as a bronchodilator in bronchial asthma and for relief of bronchospasm in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

isogamety
(i″so-gam´ә-te) production by an individual of one sex of gametes identical with respect to the sex chromosome. adj., isogamet´ic., adj.

isogamy
(i-sog´ә-me) reproduction resulting from union of two gametes identical in size and structure, as in protozoa. adj., isog´amous., adj.

isogeneic
(i″so-jә-ne´ik) syngeneic.

isogeneic antigen
an antigen carried by an individual and capable of eliciting an immune response in genetically different individuals of the same species, but not in an individual bearing it.

isogeneic graft
isologous graftisoplastic graft syngraft.

isogeneric
(i″so-jә-ner´ik) of the same kind; belonging to the same species.

isogenesis
(i″so-jen´ә-sis) similarity in the processes of development.

isograft
(i´so-graft″) syngraft.

isohemagglutination
(i″so-he″mә-gloo″tĭ-na´shәn) agglutination of erythrocytes caused by an isohemagglutinin.

isohemagglutinin
(i″so-he″mә-gloo´tĭ-nin) an isoagglutinin directed against antigenic determinants on the erythrocytes of an individual of the same species.

isohemolysin
(i″so-he-mol´ә-sin) an isoantibody that causes hemolysis of erythrocytes of animals of the same species.

isohemolysis
(i″so-he-mol´ә-sis) hemolysis produced by isohemolysin. adj., isohemolyt´ic., adj.

isoiconia
(i″so-i-ko´ne-ә) a condition in which the image of an object is the same in both eyes. adj., isoicon´ic., adj.

isoimmune neonatal neutropenia
alloimmune neonatal neutropenia.

isoimmunization
(i″so-im″u-nĭ-za´shәn) development of antibodies in response to isoantigens.

isoionic point
the pH of a solution at which a specific ion (usually a protein) contains as many negative charges as positive charges.

Isojima test
sperm immobilization test.

isokinetic
(i″so-kĭ-net´ik) pertaining to a concentric or eccentric contraction of a muscle in which the speed and tension are constant throughout the range of lengthening or contracting.

isokinetic exercise
active exercise done at a constant angular velocity.

isolate
(i´so-lāt) to separate from others, or set apart. a group of individuals prevented by geographic, genetic, ecologic, or social barriers from interbreeding with others of their kind. a pure microbial strain that has been separated from a mixed laboratory culture.

isolated explosive disorder
a former classification used to denote a single violent catastrophic act performed for no apparent reason and not attributable to any other disorder.

isolation
(i″so-la´shәn) the process of separating, or the state of being alone. the extraction and purification of a chemical substance of unknown structure from a natural source. the separation of infected individuals from those uninfected for the period of communicability of a particular disea...