Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

Küstner sign
a cystic tumor on the median line anterior to the uterus in cases of ovarian dermoids.

Kytril
(ki´tril) trademark for preparations of granisetron, an antiemetic used with antineoplastic agents. or cancer radiotherapy.

La
lanthanum.

La Crosse encephalitis
encephalitis caused by the La Crosse virus, transmitted by Aedes triseriatus, seen primarily in children, chiefly in the midwestern United States.

La Crosse virus
a virus of the genus Bunyavirus that causes La Crosse encephalitis.

La Leche League
(lah la´cha) a voluntary organization formed in 1957 that encourages breastfeeding and offers support and guidance to nursing mothers. Local chapters may be listed in the telephone book, or their national office can be contacted by calling 1-800-LALECHE in the USA or 1-800-665-4324 in Canada. The website for La Leche Le...

label
(la´bәl) something that identifies; an identifying mark or tag. radioactive label a radioisotope that is incorporated into a compound to mark it.

labetalol
(lә-bet´ә-lol) a beta-adrenergic blocking agent with some alpha-adrenergic blocking agent activity, administered orally or intravenously as the hydrochloride salt as an antihypertensive agent.

labia
(la´be-ә) plural of labium.

labial
(la´be-әl) pertaining to or directed toward a lip. pertaining to a labium.

labial hernia
herniation of intestine into a labium majus.

labial paralysis
labioglossolaryngeal paralysislabioglossopharyngeal paralysis progressive bulbar palsy.

labial surface
the vestibular surface of the incisors and canines, which faces the lips.

labialism
(la´be-әl-iz″әm) defective speech with use of labial sounds.

labile
(la´bәl) (la´bīl) gliding; moving from point to point over the surface. unstable; fluctuating. chemically unstable.

labile affect
that characterized by rapid changes in emotion not necessarily related to external events or stimuli.

labile hypertension
borderline hypertension.

lability
(lә-bil´ә-te) the quality of being labile. in psychiatry, emotional instability; rapidly changing emotions.

labioglossolaryngeal
(la″be-o-glos″o-lә-rin´je-әl) pertaining to the lips, tongue, and larynx.

labioglossopharyngeal
(la″be-o-glos″o-fә-rin´je-әl) pertaining to the lips, tongue, and pharynx.

labiograph
(la´be-o-graf″) an instrument for recording movements of the lips in speaking.

labioincisal
(la″be-o-in-si´zәl) pertaining to or formed by the labial and incisal surfaces of a tooth.

labiomental
(la″be-o-men´tәl) pertaining to the lips and chin.

labionasal
(la″be-o-na´zәl) pertaining to the lips and nose.

labiopalatine
(la″be-o-pal´ә-tīn) pertaining to the lips and palate.

labioplasty
(la´be-o-plas″te) plastic repair of a lip; cheiloplasty.

labium
(la´be-әm) Latin word meaning lip. adj., la´bial., adj. labia majora pudendi elongated folds in the female, one on either side of the rima pudendi. labia minora pudendi small folds of skin on either side of the vagina, between the labia major...

labor
(la´bәr) the physiologic process by which the uterus expels the products of conception (fetus or newborn and placenta), after 20 or more weeks of gestation. It may be divided into three stages: The first stage (dilatation stage) begins with the onset of regular uterine contractions and ends when the cervical os is compl...

labor pains
the rhythmic pains of increasing severity and frequency due to contraction of the uterus at childbirth; see also labor.

labor, delivery, recovery room
a birthing room or suite so equipped that a patient can remain in the same room throughout the birthing experience.

laboratory
(lab´rә-tor″e) a place equipped for making tests or doing experimental work. clinical laboratory one for examination of materials derived from the human body (such as fluids, tissues, or cells) for the purpose of providing information on diagnosis, prognosis, preventi...

labrum
(la´brәm) Latin word meaning a rim or lip; a term used in anatomy.

labyrinth
(lab´ә-rinth) a system of interconnecting canals or channels. inner ear. adj., labyrin´thine., adj.

labyrinthectomy
(lab″ә-rin-thek´tә-me) surgical removal of the inner ear.

labyrinthine artery
origin,anterior inferior cerebellar or basilar artery; branches,anterior vestibular and common cochlear arteries; distribution, through the internal acoustic meatus to the internal ear.

labyrinthine nystagmus
vestibular nystagmus due to labyrinthine disturbance.

labyrinthine reflexes
vestibular r's.

labyrinthine system
those parts of the vestibulocochlear organ concerned with hearing and the maintenance of equilibrium.

labyrinthine veins
several small veins that pass through the internal acoustic meatus from the cochlea into the inferior petrosal or the transverse sinus.

labyrinthine vertigo
Meniere disease.

labyrinthitis
(lab″ә-rin-thi´tis) inflammation of the inner ear; called also otitis interna.

labyrinthitis ossificans
(lab″ә-rin-thi´tis ә-sif´ĭ-kanz) abnormal ossification in the labyrinth after a trauma or an infection with inflammation.

labyrinthotomy
(lab″ә-rin-thot´ә-me) incision into the inner ear.

lacerated wound
one in which the tissues are torn.

laceration
(las″әr-a´shәn) the act of tearing. a wound produced by the tearing of body tissue, as distinguished from a cut or incision. External lacerations may be small or large and may be caused in many ways, such as a blow from a blunt instrument, a fall against a rough surface, or an accident ...

lacertus
(lә-sur´tәs) any of various fibrous bands or bundles that attach muscles to other structures.

Lachman test
an anterior drawer test for cases of severe knee injury, performed at 20 degrees of flexion.

lacis cells
lacelike cells in the juxtaglomerular apparatus of the kidney; they have numerous processes to connect gap junctions and are thought to provide electrical coupling among themselves and to the mesangium and glomerular arterioles. Called also Goormaghtigh cells and extraglomerular mesangium.

lacrimal
(lak´rĭ-mәl) pertaining to tears.

lacrimal apparatus
a group of organs concerned with the production and drainage of tears; it has a protective function, helping to keep the eye wet and free of dust and other irritating particles. The lacrimal gland, which secretes tears, lies over the upper, outer corner of the eye; its excretory ducts branch downward toward the eyeball. A const...

lacrimal artery
origin, ophthalmic artery; branches, lateral palpebral arteries and a branch joining with middle meningeal artery; distribution, lacrimal gland, upper and lower eyelids, conjunctiva.

lacrimal bone
a thin scalelike bone at the front part of the medial wall of the orbit, joining with the frontal and ethmoid bones and the maxilla and inferior nasal concha.

lacrimal canaliculus
lacrimal duct the duct that carries tears from the lacrimal gland.

lacrimal caruncle
the red eminence at the medial angle of the eye.

lacrimal fold
a fold of mucous membrane at the lower opening of the nasolacrimal duct.

lacrimal gland
either of a pair of glands that secrete tears; one is at the upper outer angle of each orbit of the eyes.

lacrimal nerve
origin, ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve, entering the orbit through the superior orbital fissure; distribution, lacrimal gland, conjunctiva, outer corner of eye, and skin of upper eyelid; modality, general sensory.

lacrimal papilla
an elevation on the margin of either eyelid, near the medial angle of the eye.

lacrimal point
a small opening on a slight elevation at the medial end of the eyelid margin, through which tears from the lacrimal lake enter the lacrimal duct.

lacrimal reflex
secretion of tears elicited by touching or otherwise irritating the conjunctiva or the cornea.

lacrimal sac
the dilated upper end of the nasolacrimal duct.

lacrimal vein
a vein that drains blood from the lacrimal gland into the superior ophthalmic vein.

lacrimation
(lak″rĭ-ma´shәn) secretion and discharge of tears.

lacrimator
(lak´rĭ-ma″tәr) an agent, as a gas, that induces the flow of tears, usually due to local irritation of the conjunctivae.

lacrimatory
(lak´rĭ-mә-tor″e) causing a flow of tears.

lacrimoethmoid cells
the ethmoidal cells situated under the lacrimal bone.

lacrimonasal
(lak″rĭ-mo-na´zәl) pertaining to the lacrimal sac and nose.

lacrimonasal duct
nasal duct.

lacrimotomy
(lak″rĭ-mot´ә-me) incision of the lacrimal gland, duct, or sac.

lactaciduria
(lak-tas″ĭ-du´re-ә) lactic acid in the urine.

lactagogue
(lak´tә-gog) galactagogue.

lactam
(lak´tәm) a cyclic amide formed from aminocarboxylic acids by elimination of water; lactams are isomeric with lactims, which are their enol forms.

lactase
(lak´tās) β-D-galactosidase; an enzyme in the intestinal mucosa that hydrolyzes lactose, producing glucose and galactose. lactase deficiency the most common disaccharidase deficiency, reduced or absent lactase activity in walls of the intestine. The hereditary adult for...

lactate
(lak´tāt) any salt of lactic acid or the anion of lactic acid. to secrete milk.

lactate dehydrogenase
(LD, LDH) (lak´tāt de-hi´dro-jĕ-nās) an enzyme that catalyzes the interconversion of lactate and pyruvate; it is widespread in tissues and is particularly abundant in kidney, skeletal muscle, liver, and myocardium. It has several different isoenzymes.

lactation
(lak-ta´shәn) the secretion of milk by the breasts; it is thought to be brought about by action of progesterone and estrogen and specific pituitary hormones, such as lactogenic hormone (prolactin). It does not begin until at least 3 days after the birth of the baby; before that, and immediately after birth, ...

lactation amenorrhea
a type associated with lactation.

lactation atrophy
hyperinvolution of the uterus, which occasionally follows prolonged lactation.

lactation hormone
lactogenic hormone prolactin.

lacteal
(lak´te-әl) lactic. any of the intestinal lymphatics that transport chyle.

lacteal vessel
those that take up chyle from the intestinal wall during digestion.

lactescence
(lak-tes´әns) resemblance to milk.

lactic
(lak´tik) pertaining to milk; called also galactic.

lactic acid
a substance involved in many biochemical processes in the body; it is the end product of glycolysis, which provides energy anaerobically in skeletal muscle during heavy exercise, and it can be oxidized aerobically in the heart for energy production or can be converted back to glucose by the liver in the process known as glucone...

lactic acid bacteria
bacteria that, in suitable media, produce fermentation of carbohydrate materials to form lactic acid.

lactic acidosis
a metabolic acidosis occurring as a result of too much lactic acid in the blood, due to conditions causing impaired cell respiration. This is seen most often in disorders in which oxygen is inadequately delivered to tissues, such as shock, septicemia, or extreme hypoxemia, but it can also result from exogenous or endogenous metabolic...

lacticemia
(lak″tĭ-se´me-ә) an excess of lactic acid in the blood; muscular damage is a common cause.

lactiferous
(lak-tif´әr-әs) conveying milk; called also galactophorous.

lactiferous ducts
ducts conveying the milk secreted by the lobes of the breast to and through the nipples; called also mammary or milk ducts.

lactiferous tubules
galactophorous tubules.

lactifuge
(lak´tĭ-fūj) antigalactic.

lactigenous
(lak-tij´ә-nәs) galactopoietic.

lactigerous
(lak-tij´әr-әs) lactiferous.

lactim
(lak´tim) see lactam.

lactitol
(lak´tĭ-tol) a disaccharide analogue of lactulose, used as a sweetener; it is also laxative and is used to treat constipation.

lactivorous
(lak-tiv´ә-rәs) feeding or subsisting upon milk.

Lactobacillus
(lak″to-bә-sil´әs) a genus of bacteria, some of which are considered to be etiologically related to dental caries, but are otherwise nonpathogenic. They produce lactic acid by fermentation.

lactobacillus
(lak″to-bә-sil´әs) any individual organism of the genus Lactobacillus.

lactocele
(lak´to-sēl) galactocele.

lactoferrin
(lak´to-fer″in) an iron-binding protein found in the granules of neutrophils where it apparently exerts an antimicrobial activity by withholding iron from ingested bacteria and fungi; it also occurs in many secretions and exudates, such as milk, tears, mucus, saliva, and bile.