Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

Kelly operation
(kel´e) Kelly plication suture of the connective tissue between the vagina and the urethra and the floor of the bladder for correction of stress incontinence in women.

keloid
(ke´loid) a sharply elevated, irregularly shaped, progressively enlarging scar, due to excessive collagen formation in the dermis during connective tissue repair. It is a benign tumor that usually has its origin in a scar from surgery or a burn or other injury; keloids are generally considered harmless and noncancerous,...

keloid acne
keloidal acnekeloidal folliculitis infection of hair follicles of the back of the neck and scalp, chiefly in men, with large, irregular keloid plaques and scarring.

keloidal blastomycosis
an infection caused by the fungus Loboa loboi, characterized by red, smooth, hard cutaneous nodules resembling keloids. Called also Lobo disease and lobomycosis.

kelvin
(K) (kel´vin) the base SI unit of temperature, equal to 1/273.16 of the absolute temperature of the triple point of water.

Kelvin scale
an absolute scale in which the unit of measurement, the kelvin, corresponds to that of the Celsius scale; therefore the ice point is at 273.15 kelvins.

Kelvin thermometer
one that uses the Kelvin scale.

Kemadrin
(kem´ә-drin) trademark for a preparation of procyclidine hydrochloride, used as an antidyskinetic.

Kemerovo virus
a tickborne virus of the genus Orbivirus that causes a benign febrile disease in western Siberia and Egypt.

Kenalog
(ken´ә-log) trademark for preparations of triamcinolone acetonide, an antiinflammatory glucocorticoid.

Kennedy disease
(ken´ә-de) spinobulbar muscular atrophy.

Kennedy syndrome
(ken´ә-de) retrobulbar optic neuritis, central scotoma, optic atrophy on the side of the lesion and papilledema on the opposite side, occurring in tumors of the frontal lobe of the brain which press downward.

Kentmann test
(for formaldehyde) dissolve in a test tube 0.1 g of morphine in 1 mL of sulfuric acid; add, without mixing, an equal volume of the liquid to be tested; in a short time the latter will take on a reddish violet color if any formaldehyde is present.

Kepone
(ke´pōn) trademark for a polychlorinated ketone used as an insecticide; workers exposed to this nonbiodegradable compound have suffered neurologic symptoms, such as tremors and slurred speech.

Kerandel sign
deep hyperesthesia accompanied by pain, often retarded, after some slight blow upon a bony projection of the body; seen in African trypanosomiasis.

keratalgia
(ker″ә-tal´jә) pain in the cornea.

keratan sulfate
(ker´ә-tan) either of two sulfated mucopolysaccharides (I and II). Keratan sulfate is an important component of the proteoglycan of cartilage, and occurs in the cornea and the nucleus pulposus, and is also an accumulation product in Morquio syndrome.

keratectasia
(ker″ә-tek-ta´zhә) protrusion of a thin, scarred cornea.

keratectomy
(ker″ә-tek´tә-me) excision of a portion of the cornea; kerectomy. photorefractive keratectomy a procedure to correct errors of refraction in the eye by using an excimer laser to remove a portion of the anterior part of the cornea, which changes the refraction by...

keratic
(kә-rat´ik) keratinous. corneal.

keratin
(ker´ә-tin) any of a family of scleroproteins that are principal constituents of epidermis, hair, nails, horny tissues, and the organic matrix of tooth enamel. Because it is insoluble in gastric juice, keratin is sometimes used to coat pills that are meant to pass through the stomach unchanged.

keratinase
(ker´ә-tĭ-nās) a proteolytic enzyme that hydrolyzes keratin.

keratinization
(ker″ә-tin″ĭ-za´shәn) the development of or conversion into keratin.

keratinizing cyst
one arising in the pilosebaceous unit, lined by stratified squamous epithelium and containing largely macerated keratin and often sebum that renders the contents greasy or rancid.

keratinizing system
the cells composing the bulk of the epithelium of the epidermis; they are of ectodermal origin and undergo death and keratinization to form the stratum corneum.

keratinocyte
(kә-rat´ĭ-no-sīt) the cell of the epidermis that synthesizes keratin; about 95 per cent of the epidermal cells are of this type. The other primary type of epidermal cell is the melanocyte. In successive stages in the various layers of the skin, keratinocytes are known as basal cells, prickle cells, and granula...

keratinosome
(kә-rat´ĭ-no-sōm″) lamellar body.

keratinous
(kә-rat´ĭ-nәs) containing keratin or of the nature of keratin; called also keratic.

keratitis
(ker″ә-ti´tis) inflammation of the cornea. It may be either deep (with the infection causing it being carried in the blood or spreading to the cornea from other parts of the eye) or superficial (being caused by bacterial or viral infection or by an allergic reaction). Agents causing the inflammation can be introdu...

keratoacanthoma
(ker″ә-to-ak″an-tho´mә) a locally destructive epithelial tumor with a superficial crater containing a keratin plug; it closely resembles squamous cell carcinoma clinically and histologically, but is benign and generally undergoes spontaneous regression. Exposure to sunlight is believed to play a ...

keratocele
(ker´ә-to-sēl″) herniation of the Descemet membrane.

keratocentesis
(ker″ә-to-sen-te´sis) puncture of the cornea, keratonyxis.

keratoconjunctivitis
(ker″ә-to-kәn-junk″tĭ-vi´tis) inflammation of the cornea and conjunctiva. epidemic keratoconjunctivitis a highly infectious form, commonly with regional lymph node involvement, occurring in epidemics; an adenovirus has been repeatedly isolated from af...

keratoconus
(ker″ә-to-ko´nәs) conical protrusion of the central part of the cornea, resulting in an irregular astigmatism.

keratoderma
(ker″ә-to-dur´mә) hypertrophy of the horny layer of the skin.

keratoderma blennorrhagicum
(ker″ә-to-dur´mә blen″ә-raj´ĭ-kәm) a cutaneous manifestation of Reiter syndrome, named for the former idea that it was related to gonorrhea. It usually involves the palms, soles, toes, or glans penis, and thick keratotic coverings develop; the lesions resemble pustular psoriasis ...

keratoderma climactericum
(ker″ә-to-dur´mә kli″mak-tēr´ĭ-kәm) an acquired form of palmoplantar keratoderma seen in women around the time of menopause; there is sometimes fissuring of the thickened patches.

keratoderma hereditarium mutilans
(ker″ә-to-dur´mә hә-red″ĭ-tar´e-әm mu´tĭ-lanz) Vohwinkel syndrome.

keratoderma palmare et plantare
(ker″ә-to-dur´mә pahl-mar´e et plan-tar´e) a group of mostly inherited disorders characterized by excessive formation of keratin on the palms and soles; this may be localized or diffuse, and sometimes painful lesions result from fissuring of the skin. The condition may occur alone or may accompany or b...

keratoderma punctatum
(ker″ә-to-dur´mә pungk-ta´әm) punctate keratoderma.

keratodermia
(ker″ә-to-dur´me-ә) keratoderma.

keratogenous
(ker″ә-toj´ә-nәs) giving rise to a growth of horny material.

keratogenous zone
an area where keratin is formed, such as in the nail matrix or just above the hair papilla in the hair bulb.

keratoglobus
(ker″ә-to-glo´bәs) megalocornea.

keratohelcosis
(ker″ә-to-hel-ko´sis) ulceration of the cornea.

keratohemia
(ker″ә-to-he´me-ә) deposition of blood in the cornea.

keratohyalin
(ker″ә-to-hi´ә-lin) a substance related to keratin, found in the granules of the stratum granulosum of the epidermis.

keratohyalin granules
irregularly shaped granules, representing deposits of keratohyalin on tonofibrils in the stratum granulosum of the epidermis; they stain with some acid dyes and some basic dyes.

keratoid
(ker´ә-toid) resembling horn or corneal tissue.

keratoiridoscope
(ker″ә-to-ĭ-rid´ә-skōp) a compound microscope for examining the cornea and iris.

keratoiritis
(ker″ә-to-i-ri´tis) inflammation of the cornea and iris; called also corneoiritis.

keratoleptynsis
(ker″ә-to-lep-tin´sis) removal of the anterior portion of the cornea and replacement with bulbar conjunctiva.

keratoleukoma
(ker″ә-to-loo-ko´mә) a white opacity of the cornea.

keratolytic
(ker″ә-to-lit´ik) pertaining to or promoting keratolysis. an agent that so acts.

keratoma
(ker″ә-to´mә) pl. keratomas, keratoma´ta a callus or callosity. keratoma hereditarium mutilans Vohwinkel syndrome.

keratomalacia
(ker″ә-to-mә-la´shә) softening and necrosis of the cornea associated with vitamin A deficiency.

keratome
(ker´ә-tōm) a knife for cutting into the cornea.

keratometer
(ker″ә-tom´ә-tәr) an instrument for measuring the curves of the cornea.

keratometry
(ker″ә-tom´ә-tre) measurement of the anterior curvature of the cornea with a keratometer.

keratomileusis
(ker″ә-to-mĭ-loo´sis) keratoplasty in which a slice of the patient's cornea is removed, shaped to the desired curvature, and then sutured back on the remaining cornea to correct optical error. Laser-assisted in-situ keratomileusis for treatment of myopia. (A), Crea...

keratomycosis
(ker″ә-to-mi-ko´sis) fungal disease of the cornea.

keratonyxis
(ker″ә-to-nik´sis) puncture of the cornea; keratocentesis.

keratopathy
(ker″ә-top´ә-the) noninflammatory disease of the cornea. band keratopathy a condition characterized by an abnormal gray circumcorneal band.

keratophakia
(ker″ә-to-fa´ke-ә) keratoplasty in which a slice of donor's cornea is shaped to a desired curvature and inserted between layers of the recipient's cornea to change its curvature.

keratoplasty
(ker´ә-to-plas″te) corneal transplantation. optic keratoplasty transplantation of corneal material to replace scar tissue that interferes with vision. refractive keratoplasty removal of a section of cornea from a patient or donor, which is shape...

keratorhexis
(ker″ә-to-rek´sis) rupture of the cornea.

keratorrhexis
(ker″ә-to-rek´sis) keratorhexis.

keratoscleritis
(ker″ә-to-sklә-ri´tis) inflammation of cornea and sclera.

keratoscope
(ker´ә-to-skōp″) a device consisting of alternate black and white concentric circles and used for examining corneal curvature.

keratoscopy
(ker″ә-tos´kә-pe) inspection of the cornea.

keratosis
(ker″ә-to´sis) any horny growth, such as a wart or callosity.

keratosis follicularis
(ker″ә-to´sis fә-lik″u-lar´is) a slowly progressive autosomal dominant disorder of keratinization characterized by tan or skin-colored papules or warty lesions on seborrheic areas of the body; lesions may coalesce to form plaques that then become crusted, infected, and sometimes dark-colored and ...

keratosis palmaris et plantaris
(ker″ә-to´sis pahl-mar´is et plan-tar´is) keratoderma palmare et plantare.

keratosis pharyngea
(ker″ә-to´sis fә-rin´je-ә) horny projections from the tonsils and pharyngeal walls. Called also pharyngokeratosis.

keratosis pilaris
(ker″ә-to´sis pi-lar´is) a common, benign condition in which hyperkeratosis occurs around hair follicles, usually on the extensor surfaces of the thighs and arms, but sometimes elsewhere; there are discrete follicular papules that reform after removal.

keratosis punctata
(ker″ә-to´sis pungk-ta´tә) punctate keratoderma.

keratotomy
(ker″ә-tot´ә-me) incision of the cornea. radial keratotomy an operation in which a series of incisions is made in the cornea from its outer edge toward its center in a spokelike fashion; done to flatten the cornea for correction of myopia.

kerectomy
(kә-rek´tә-me) keratectomy.

Kergaradec sign
uterine souffle.

kerion
(kēr´e-on) a boggy, exudative swelling or mass covered with pustules, as may occasionally occur in tinea infections.

Kerner test
(for creatinine) acidify the suspected solution and add phosphomolybdic or phosphotungstic acid in solution; if creatinine is present, it will form a crystalline precipitate.

kernicterus
(kәr-nik´tәr-әs) a condition in the newborn marked by severe neural symptoms, associated with high levels of bilirubin in the blood; it is commonly a sequela of icterus gravis neonatorum.

Kernig sign
(ker´nig) a sign of meningitis: in the supine position the patient can easily and completely extend the leg, whereas in the sitting posture or when lying with the thigh flexed upon the abdomen the leg cannot be completely extended without pain.

Kerr sign
alteration of the texture of the skin below the somatic level in lesions of the spinal cord.

Keshan disease
(ke´shan) a fatal, congestive cardiomyopathy caused by deficiency of essential trace elements in the diet; it primarily affects children and women of childbearing age and occurs in areas with low soil trace elements, such as parts of China, New Zealand, and Finland.

Kestenbaum sign
a decrease in number of arterioles traversing the optic disk margin as a criterion for optic atrophy.

ketamine
(ke´tә-mēn) a nonbarbiturate anesthetic related to phencyclidine, administered intravenously or intramuscularly to produce dissociative anesthesia. Approximately 12 per cent of patients experience emergence reactions, which can include frightening hallucinations and dreams.

keto acid
(ke´to) a carboxylic acid that also contains a carbonyl (CO) group.

Keto-Diastix
(ke″to-di´ә-stiks) trademark for a reagent strip for detection of ketones and glucose in the urine.

ketoacidosis
(ke″to-as″ĭ-do´sis) the accumulation of ketone bodies in the blood, which results in metabolic acidosis; it is often associated with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. See also ketosis.

ketoaciduria
(ke″to-as″ĭ-du´re-ә) the presence of ketone bodies in the urine; this condition is common in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus but can also occur anytime the body begins to break down fatty tissue to provide energy, as in starvation. Called also ketonuria. branched-chain ketoaciduria&n...

ketoconazole
(ke″to-kon´ә-zōl) a synthetic imidazole that is a broad-spectrum antifungal agent used for treatment of chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis and systemic fungal infections due to species of Candida, Epidermophyton, Microsporum, Trichophyton, and others.

ketogenesis
(ke″to-jen´ә-sis) the production of ketone bodies. adj., ketogen´ic, ketogenet´ic., adj.

ketogenic
(ke″to-jen´ik) forming or capable of being converted into ketone bodies.

ketogenic diet
one that produces ketones or acetones, or mild acidosis, such as one that is low in calories with insufficient carbohydrate and protein; it is occasionally used in the treatment of epilepsy. See also low fat diet.

ketolysis
(ke-tol´ә-sis) the splitting up of ketone bodies. adj., ketolyt´ic., adj.

ketone
(ke´tōn) any compound containing the carbonyl group, CdbondO, and having hydrocarbon groups attached to the carbonyl carbon (the carbonyl group being within a chain of carbon atoms). Ketone.

ketone bodies
the substances acetone, acetoacetic acid, and β-hydroxybutyric acid; except for acetone (which may arise spontaneously from acetoacetic acid), they are normal metabolic products of lipid and pyruvate within the liver, and are oxidized by muscles. Excessive production leads to urinary excretion of these bodies, as in ...

ketonemia
(ke″to-ne´me-ә) an excess of ketone bodies in the blood; called also hyperketonemia.

ketonuria
(ke″to-nu´re-ә) ketoaciduria.