Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

Jacquemin test
(for phenol) add to the suspected liquid an equal quantity of aniline and some sodium hypochlorite in solution; a blue color is produced.

jactitation
(jak″tĭ-ta´shәn) restless tossing to and fro in acute illness.

Jadassohn-Lewandowsky syndrome
(yah´dah-sōn lev-ahn-dov´ske) pachyonychia congenita.

Jaffe test
(for creatinine) to the liquid add trinitrophenol and then make alkaline with sodium hydroxide. A red color indicates presence of creatinine. (for indican) to the suspected liquid are added an equal amount of concentrated hydrochloric acid, 1 mL of chloroform, and a few drops of a strong solution of chlorinated so...

Jaffe-Lichtenstein disease
(jaf´e lik´tәn-stīn) a form of polyostotic fibrous dysplasia characterized by an enlarged medullary cavity with a thin cortex, which is filled with fibrous tissue (fibroma). Called also cystic osteofibromatosis .

Jahnke syndrome
(yahnk) a variant of Sturge-Weber syndrome in which glaucoma is absent.

jail fever
epidemic typhus.

Jakob disease
(yah´kōb) Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.

Jakob-Creutzfeldt disease
(yah´kōb kroits´felt) Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.

Jamaica ginger paralysis
a form of paralysis of the extremities, especially the legs, that was seen in the 1930s after a type of Jamaican ginger extract (“jake”) was accidentally contaminated with the organophosphorus compound tri-o-tolyl phosphate and then consumed. Called also Jamaica ginger polyneuritis.

jamais vu
(zhah´ma voo) the sensation that familiar surroundings are strangely unfamiliar; the illusion that one has never seen anything like that before.

Jamestown Canyon virus
a virus of the genus Bunyavirus that is related to California encephalitis virus and occasionally causes encephalitis.

Janet test
(for differentiating between functional and organic anesthesia) the patient is instructed to say “yes” or “no,” according to whether the examiner's touch is felt. The patient may say “no” in functional anesthesia, but will say nothing in cases of organic anesthesia.

Janeway gastrostomy
surgical creation of a permanent gastric fistula via a tube between the anterior gastric wall to the surface of the abdominal wall.

Janeway lesion
a small erythematous or hemorrhagic lesion, usually on the palm or sole in subacute bacterial endocarditis.

janiceps
(jan´ĭ-seps) conjoined twins with a single head and faces on the anterior and posterior aspects.

Jansen disease
(yahn´sәn) metaphyseal dysostosis.

Janský-Bielschowsky disease
(yahn´ske byels-chof´ske) the late infantile form of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, occurring between two to four years of age and characterized by abnormal accumulation of lipofuscin; it begins as myoclonic seizures and progresses to neurologic and retinal degeneration and death, usually by the age of 8 to 12 years.

Jantene operation
a type of arterial switch procedure.

Janz syndrome
(janz) juvenile myoclonic epilepsy.

Japanese encephalitis
Japanese B encephalitis a form of epidemic encephalitis of varying severity occurring in Japan and other Pacific islands, China, eastern Russia, and elsewhere in eastern and northeastern Asia.

Japanese encephalitis virus
a mosquito-borne virus of the genus Flavivirus, antigenically related to St. Louis encephalitis virus, that is the etiologic agent of Japanese encephalitis.

Japanese encephalitis virus vaccine
a formaldehyde-inactivated vaccine prepared from infected mouse brains, used for immunization against Japanese encephalitis; recommended for persons staying a month or more in endemic or epidemic regions of Asia during transmission season and for laboratory workers who may be exposed to Japanese encephalitis virus.

Japanese flood fever
Japanese river fever scrub typhus.

Japanese spotted fever
an acute infection occurring in Japan and caused by Rickettsia japonica, transmitted by ticks of the family Ixodidae; characterized by fever and headache and the appearance of an eschar and rash. Called also Oriental spotted fever.

Jarcho-Levin syndrome
(jahr´ko lev´in) an autosomal recessive disorder consisting of multiple vertebral defects, short thorax, rib abnormalities, camptodactyly, and syndactyly; urogenital abnormalities are sometimes present. Death, from respiratory insufficiency, usually occurs in infancy. Called also spondylothoracic dysplasia.

jargon aphasia
that with utterance of meaningless phrases, either neologisms or incoherently arranged known words.

Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction
(yah´rish herks´hi-mәr) a transient, short-term immune response commonly seen following antibiotic treatment of syphilis and less often in other diseases, such as borreliosis, brucellosis, typhoid fever, and trichinosis. Manifestations include fever, chills, headache, myalgias, and exacerbation of cutaneous lesions. The...

jaundice
(jawn´dis) a condition characterized by excessive levels of bilirubin in the blood and deposition of bile pigments in the skin, mucous membranes, and whites of the eyes, so that the person appears yellow. Called also icterus.

jaundice of the newborn
neonatal jaundice.

jaw
(jaw) either the mandible (lower jaw) or the maxilla (upper jaw), two opposing bony structures of the mouth; they bear the teeth and are used for biting and chewing. cleft jaw a cleft between the median nasal and maxillary processes through the alveolus; see also cleft palate. Called also...

jaw bone
jaw.

jaw jerk
jaw jerk reflexjaw reflex closure of the mouth caused by a downward blow on the passively hanging chin; rarely seen in health but very noticeable in corticospinal tract lesions.

jaw-winking phenomenon
jaw-winking syndrome Gunn syndrome.

JC virus
a virus of the genus Polyomavirus that causes widespread infection in childhood and then remains dormant in the infected person but may subsequently cause progressive multifocal leukoencepahalopathy.

Jeanselme nodules
juxtaarticular nodules gummata of tertiary syphilis and of nonvenereal treponemal diseases, located on joint capsules, bursae, or tendon sheaths.

Jefferson fracture
fracture of the atlas (first cervical vertebra).

Jefferson syndrome
(jef´әr-sәn) cavernous sinus syndrome.

jejunal arteries
origin, superior mesenteric; branches, none; distribution, jejunum.

jejunal bypass
jejunoileal bypass a formerly common type of intestinal bypass for obesity, with bypassing of most of the jejunum and ileum.

jejunal syndrome
dumping syndrome.

jejunal ulcer
a rare type of peptic ulcer caused by gastric acid in the jejunim, such as when there is ectopic stomach mucosa secreting acid there; sometimes one develops secondary to a gastroenterostomy that has bypassed the duodenum.

jejunal veins
veins draining blood from the jejunum into the superior mesenteric vein.

jejunectomy
(jĕ″joo-nek´tә-me) surgical removal of the jejunum.

jejunitis
(jĕ″joo-ni´tis) inflammation of the jejunum.

jejunocecostomy
(jә-joo″no-se-kos´tә-me) anastomosis of the jejunum to the cecum.

jejunocolostomy
(jә-joo″no-kә-los´tә-me) anastomosis of the jejunum to the colon.

jejunoileal
(jә-joo″no-il´e-әl) pertaining to the jejunum and ileum; connecting the proximal jejunum with the distal ileum.

jejunoileitis
(jә-joo″no-il″e-i´tis) inflammation of the jejunum and ileum.

jejunoileostomy
(jә-joo″no-il″e-os´tә-me) surgical creation of an anastomosis between the proximal jejunum and the terminal ileum.

jejunojejunostomy
(jә-joo″no-jĕ″joo-nos´tә-me) surgical anastomosis between two portions of the jejunum.

jejunorrhaphy
(jĕ″joo-nor´ә-fe) operative repair of the jejunum.

jejunostomy
(jĕ″joo-nos´tә-me) surgical creation of a permanent opening between the jejunum and the surface of the abdominal wall. needle-catheter jejunostomy insertion of a needle-catheter device to provide nutrition to patients undergoing major surgery of the esophagus, stomach, ...

jejunotomy
(jĕ″joo-not´ә-me) incision of the jejunum.

jejunum
(jә-joo´nәm) that part of the small intestine extending from the duodenum to the ileum. adj., jeju´nal., adj.

jelly
(jel´e) a soft, coherent, resilient substance; generally, a colloidal semisolid mass. cardiac jelly a gelatinous substance present between the endothelium and myocardium of the embryonic heart that transforms into the connective tissue of the endocardium. contracep...

Jendrassik sign
paralysis of the extraocular muscles, one manifestation of Graves orbitopathy.

Jensen disease
(yen´sәn) retinochoroiditis juxtapapillaris.

jerk
(jurk) a sudden reflex or involuntary movement.

jerky pulse
one in which the artery is suddenly and markedly distended.

Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome
(yer-vel´ lahng´ә-nēl´sәn) a rare, autosomal recessive form of the long QT syndrome, characterized by neural hearing loss and syncope, sometimes with ventricular fibrillation and sudden death.

jet injection
injection of a drug in solution through the intact skin by a fine jet of the solution under high pressure.

jet lag
a condition of desynchrony with disruption of the normal circadian rhythm, caused by rapid travel across several time zones; it is characterized by fatigue, insomnia, and disturbances in body function, and lasts for several days.

Job syndrome
(jōb) hyperimmunoglobulinemia E syndrome.

jock itch
popular name for tinea cruris.

Joest bodies
intranuclear inclusion bodies found in the brain of animals with Borna disease.

Joffroy reflex
twitching of the gluteal muscles on pressure against the buttocks in spastic paralysis.

Johanson-Blizzard syndrome
(jo-han´sәn bliz´әrd) a rare autosomal recessive syndrome characterized by a small, pointed nose with underdeveloped nostrils; malformed or absent teeth; sparse, coarse hair; and sometimes growth retardation or failure to thrive.

Johnson-Stevens disease
(jon´sәn ste´vәnz) see Stevens-Johnson syndrome.

joint
(joint) the site of the junction or union of two or more bones of the body; its primary function is to provide motion and flexibility to the frame of the body. Fibrous joints are immovable; gliding joints have limited movement; and synovial joints have considerable movement. ...

joint capsule
articular capsule.

joint fracture
articular fracture.

joint mouse
a movable fragment of synovial membrane, cartilage, or other body within a joint; usually associated with degenerative osteoarthritis and osteochondritis dissecans.

Jolly bodies
Howell-Jolly bodies.

Jones fracture
diaphyseal fracture of the fifth metatarsal.

Jones position
acute flexion of the forearm for the treatment of fracture of the internal condyle of the humerus.

Jones-Mote reaction
(jōnz mōt) a mild skin reaction of type IV delayed hypersensitivity seen after challenge with a protein antigen in aqueous solution.

Jorissen test
(for formaldehyde) add 0.5 mL of a 1 per cent solution of phloroglucin in 10 per cent sodium hydroxide to 1 mL of the urine; a bright red color indicates free formaldehyde.

Joseph disease
(zho-sef´) Machado-Joseph disease.

Joubert syndrome
(zhoo-bār´) an autosomal recessive syndrome consisting of partial or complete agenesis of the cerebellar vermis, with hypotonia, episodic hyperpnea, mental retardation, and abnormal eye movements; most patients die in infancy.

joule
(J) (jldbomacl) the SI unit of energy, being the work done by a force of 1 newton acting over a distance of 1 meter.

Judkins coronary catheter
a preformed J-shaped angiographic catheter used in coronary arteriography to cannulate and deliver contrast material to one of the coronary arteries via a percutaneous femoral route.

jugal
(joo´gәl) pertaining to the cheek. zygomatic.

jugal bone
zygomatic bone.

jugal point
the point at the angle formed by the masseteric and maxillary edges of the zygomatic bone; called also jugale.

jugale
(joo-ga´le) jugal point.

jugomaxillary point
the point at the anteroinferior angle of the malar bone (os zygomaticum).

jugular
(jug´u-lәr) cervical (def. 1). pertaining to a jugular vein. a jugular vein.

jugular foramen
an opening formed by the jugular notches of the temporal and occipital bones.

jugular foramen syndrome
Vernet syndrome.

jugular ganglion of vagus nerve
superior ganglion of vagus nerve.

jugular gland
a lymph node behind the clavicular insertion of the sternocleidomastoid muscle.

jugular nerve
a branch of the superior cervical ganglion that communicates with the vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves.

jugular notch of sternum
the notch on the upper border of the sternum between the clavicular notches.

jugular sign
Queckenstedt sign.

jugular veins
large veins that return blood to the heart from the head and neck; each side of the neck has two jugular veins, external and internal. The external jugular carries blood from the face, neck, and scalp and has two branches, posterior and anterior. The internal jugular vein receives blood from the brain, the deeper tissues ...

jugulotympanic body
tympanic body.

jugum
(joo´gәm) a depression or ridge connecting two structures; called also yoke.

juice
(jldbomacs) any fluid from animal or plant tissue. intestinal juice the liquid secretion of the intestinal glands; it contains enzymes that finish the digestion of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates, which started in previous parts of the digestive tract. pancreatic juice&nb...

jump flap
one cut from the abdomen and attached to a flap of the same size on the forearm; the forearm flap is transferred later to another part of the body to fill a defect.