Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

Landström muscle
(lahnd´strәm) minute muscle fibers in the fascia around and behind the eyeball, attached in front to the anterior orbital fascia and eyelids.

Lane disease
(lān) chronic intestinal stasis; small bowel obstruction in chronic constipation.

Lang test
(for taurine) the solution to be tested is boiled with freshly prepared mercuric oxide; taurine will cause a white precipitate to appear.

Lange test
(for acetone in urine) 15 mL of urine are mixed with 0.5 to 1 mL of acetic acid, and a few drops of a freshly prepared concentrated solution of sodium nitroprusside added. The mixture is overlaid with ammonia. At the point of junction a characteristic violet ring is formed.

Langenbeck triangle
(lang´әn-bek) a triangular area whose apex is the anterior superior iliac spine, its base the anatomic neck of the femur, and its external side the external base of the greater trochanter.

Langer lines
linear clefts in the skin indicative of the direction of the fibers; they correspond closely to the creases of the body but vary with body configuration. Lines of incision made parallel to them are thought to heal more efficiently. Called also cleavage lines. Anterior (A) and posterior (B)...

Langer-Giedion syndrome
(lang´әr zhe-de-aw´) an inherited disorder characterized by mental retardation, microcephaly, multiple exostosis, characteristic facies with bulbous nose, sparse hair, cone-shaped epiphyses, loose redundant skin, joint laxity, and other anomalies.

Langerhans cell granulomatosis
Langerhans cell histiocytosis.

Langerhans cells
a type of star-shaped cells with long cytoplasmic processes, derived from precursor cells in the bone marrow and containing characteristic inclusions called Birbeck granules. They are found mainly in the epidermis, and less abundantly in cells in other types of stratified epithelium and elsewhere. They are thought to indu...

langerhansian adenoma
islet cell adenoma.

Langhans cells
polyhedral epithelial cells constituting the cytotrophoblast (Langhans layer). Langhans giant cells.

Langhans giant cells
a type of giant cells that resemble foreign body giant cells but having their nuclei arranged in a circle or a horseshoe-shaped pattern at the periphery; they are often seen in granulomatous inflammations such as in tuberculous granulation tissue, syphilis, sarcoidosis, and deep fungal infections.

Langoria sign
relaxation of the extensor muscles of the thigh; a symptom of intracapsular fracture of the femur.

language area
any nerve center of the cerebral cortex, usually in the dominant hemisphere, controlling the understanding or use of language.

language disorder
any disorder of normal language-based communication, whether psychogenic or neurogenic; see communication disorders and speech disorder.

Lannois-Gradenigo syndrome
(lah-nwah´ grah-dә-ne´go) Gradenigo syndrome.

lanolin
(lan´o-lin) wool fat or wool grease that is refined and incorporated into many commercial preparations, such as salves, creams, ointments, and cosmetics.

Lanoxin
(lә-nok´sin) trademark for preparations of digoxin, a cardiotonic.

Lansing virus
the prototype strain of poliovirus type 2.

lansoprazole
(lan-so´prә-zōl) a proton pump inhibitor used to inhibit gastric acid secretion for the treatment of duodenal or gastric ulcer, gastroesophageal reflux disease, or other conditions due to gastric hyperacidity; administered orally.

lantern test
(for color vision) a set of specially devised lanterns or lamps used to test the patient's color vision.

lanthanum
(La) (lan´thә-nәm) a chemical element, atomic number 57, atomic weight 138.91.

lanugo
(lә-noo´go) the fine hair that covers the body of the fetus and begins to disappear during maturation so that by nine months' gestation it is usually seen only on the shoulders of the newborn.

lanugo hair
lanugo.

laparohysterectomy
(lap″ә-ro-his″tә-rek´tә-me) abdominal hysterectomy.

laparohysterotomy
(lap″ә-ro-his″tәr-ot´ә-me) abdominal hysterotomy.

laparoscope
(lap´ә-ro-skōp″) an endoscope for examining the peritoneal cavity; called also celioscope.

laparoscopic sterilization
sterilization of a female using an endoscope to visualize the fallopian tubes and surrounding structures; the endoscope is guided into the abdominal cavity through a small puncture just below the navel. A second small puncture is made in the lower abdomen so that cautery forceps can be inserted and applied about 2 cm from...

laparoscopy
(lap″ә-ros´kә-pe) examination by means of the laparoscope; called also celioscopy. adj., laparoscop´ic., adj.

laparotomy
(lap″ә-rot´ә-me) incision through the abdominal wall; called also celiotomy.

laparotomy pad
abdominal pad.

Lapidus operation
a procedure for correction of hallux valgus, involving wedge resection and fusion of the innermost cuneometatarsal joint and establishment of a bridge between the bases of the first and second metatarsals.

lapinization
(lap″in-ĭ-za´shәn) serial passage of a virus or vaccine through rabbits to modify its characteristics.

lapinize
(lap´in-īz) to attenuate (as a virus or vaccine) by serial passage through rabbits.

large alveolar cells
type II alveolar cells.

large cell carcinoma
a type of bronchogenic carcinoma of undifferentiated (anaplastic) cells of large size, a variety of squamous cell carcinoma that has undergone further dedifferentiation.

large cell lymphoma
any of several types of non-Hodgkin lymphoma characterized by formation of malignant large lymphocytes in a diffuse pattern; some types contain just one type of cell, such as lymphoblasts or cleaved or uncleaved follicular center cells, and other types have a mixture of cells.

large cell, immunoblastic lymphoma
a highly malignant type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma characterized by large lymphoblasts (B or T lymphoblasts or a mixture) resembling histiocytes and having a diffuse pattern of infiltration.

large cleaved cell
large cleaved follicular center cell a follicular center cell considered to be intermediate between the small cleaved and small noncleaved stages; it has a diameter of about 12 μm, a nucleus with deep folds or clefts and clumped chromatin, and cytoplasm that is not pyroninophilic but may have immunoglobulin inclusions...

large cleaved cell lymphoma
a type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma characterized by the formation of malignant large cleaved follicular center cells; there are both follicular and diffuse varieties. Because of the wide variety of prognostic levels and the existence of tumors with several types of cells, these tumors have been divided among several different...

large granule cells
L cells (def. 2).

large noncleaved cell
large noncleaved follicular center celllarge uncleaved cell a follicular center cell considered to be the stage immediately preceding the development of the B lymphoblast and migration out of the follicle; it has a diameter of 15–20 μm, a nucleus without clefts that contains finely dispersed chromatin, and cytop...

large noncleaved cell lymphoma
a type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma characterized by formation of malignant large noncleaved follicular center cells. Because of the wide variety of prognostic levels and the existence of tumors with several types of cells, these tumors have been divided among several different groups of follicular and diffuse lymphomas.

large-for-gestational-age infant
a preterm, term, or postterm infant who is above the 90th percentile for gestational age in head circumference, body weight, or length.

Laron syndrome
(lah-rōn´) an autosomal recessive syndrome of skeletal growth retardation due to impaired inability to synthesize insulin-like growth factor I, usually because of growth hormone receptor defects. Called also Laron dwarfism.

Larotid
(lar´o-tid) trademark for a preparation of amoxicillin, an antibiotic.

Larrey amputation
Larrey operation shoulder disarticulation with an incision extending from the acromion about three inches down the arm, splitting the deltoid muscle, and from this point going around the arm to the center of the axilla.

Larsen disease
(lahr´sәn) pain and tenderness over the lower pole of the patella, often accompanied by inflammation, with radiographic evidence of a secondary ossification center in the lower pole of the patella.

Larsen syndrome
(lahr´sәn) cleft palate, flattened facies, multiple congenital dislocations, and foot deformities.

Larsen-Johansson disease
(lahr´sәn yo-hahn´sәn) Larsen disease.

larva
(lahr´vә) pl. lar´vae an independent, immature stage in the life cycle of an animal, in which it is markedly unlike the parent and must undergo changes in form and size to reach the adult stage. something that resembles such an immature animal.

larva currens
(lahr´vә kur´enz) a rapidly progressive creeping eruption caused by autoinoculation of larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis that migrate to and mature at the anus in intestinal infections with the parasite.

larva migrans
(lahr´vә mi´granz) a life stage of certain parasitic larvae in which they wander through the body of their host. infestation of a human or other animal by such a wandering parasitic larva.

larval
(lahr´vәl) pertaining to larvae. larvate.

larvate
(lahr´vāt) masked; concealed: said of a disease or of a symptom of a disease.

larvicide
(lahr´vĭ-sīd) an agent that kills insect larvae.

laryngalgia
(lar″in-gal´jә) pain in the larynx.

laryngeal
(lә-rin´je-әl) pertaining to the larynx.

laryngeal atresia
congenital lack of the normal opening into the larynx.

laryngeal paralysis
paralysis of one of the laryngeal muscles, usually because of a lesion of the vagus nerve or the recurrent laryngeal nerve; seen in disorders such as Avellis syndrome, Jackson syndrome, and Vernet syndrome. Called also laryngoparalysis and laryngoplegia.

laryngeal prominence
a subcutaneous prominence at the front of the throat produced by the thyroid cartilage of the larynx; popularly known as Adam's apple.

laryngeal reflex
a type of cough reflex in which irritation of the fauces and larynx causes cough.

laryngeal spasm
laryngospasm.

laryngeal syncope
tussive syncope.

laryngeal tuberculosis
tuberculosis involving the larynx, from either direct spread or spread through the bloodstream of pulmonary tuberculosis; symptoms include ulceration of the vocal cords and mucous membranes, hoarseness, cough, pain on swallowing, and coughing up blood.

laryngeal ventricle
the space between the true and false vocal cords.

laryngectomee
(lar″in-jek´tә-me) a person whose larynx has been removed.

laryngectomy
(lar″in-jek´tә-me) partial or total removal of the larynx by surgery, usually done as treatment for cancer of the larynx. Depending on the type of surgical procedure, the patient's speech may change in quality or be lost entirely. See also artificial larynx.

laryngismus
(lar″in-jiz´mәs) laryngospasm. adj., laryngis´mal., adj. laryngismus stridulus sudden laryngeal spasm with crowing inhalations, usually seen in children at night; called also pseudocroup.

laryngitis
(lar″in-ji´tis) inflammation of the mucous membrane of the larynx, characterized by dryness and soreness of the throat, hoarseness, cough, and difficulty swallowing. Acute laryngitis may be caused by overuse of the voice, allergies, irritating dust or smoke, hot or corrosive liquids, or even violent weeping. After...

laryngocele
(lә-ring´go-sēl) a congenital anomalous air sac communicating with a cavity of the larynx; it may produce a tumorlike lesion visible on the outside of the neck.

laryngocentesis
(lә-ring″go-sen-te´sis) surgical puncture of the larynx, with aspiration.

laryngofissure
(lә-ring″go-fish´әr) median laryngotomy.

laryngogram
(lә-ring´go-gram) a radiograph of the larynx.

laryngography
(lar″ing-gog´rә-fe) radiography of the larynx.

laryngology
(lar″ing-gol´ә-je) the branch of medicine that deals with the throat, pharynx, larynx, nasopharynx, and tracheobronchial tree.

laryngopathy
(lar-ing-gop´ә-the) any disorder of the larynx.

laryngopharyngeal
(lә-ring″go-fә-rin´je-әl) pertaining to the larynx and pharynx.

laryngopharyngectomy
(lә-ring″go-far″әn-jek´tә-me) excision of the larynx and pharynx.

laryngopharyngitis
(lә-ring″go-far″әn-ji´tis) inflammation of the larynx and pharynx.

laryngopharynx
(lә-ring″go-far´inks) the portion of the pharynx below the upper edge of the epiglottis, opening into the larynx and esophagus.

laryngophony
(lar″ing-gof´ә-ne) a voice sound heard over the larynx.

laryngoplasty
(lә-ring´go-plas″te) plastic repair of the larynx.

laryngoplegia
(lә-ring″go-ple´jә) paralysis of the larynx.

laryngoptosis
(lә-ring″gop-to´sis) (lә-ring″go-to´sis) a lowering and mobilization of the larynx, as sometimes seen in the aged.

laryngoscleroma
(lә-ring″go-sklә-ro´mә) scleroma of the larynx.

laryngoscope
(lә-ring´go-skōp) an endoscope equipped with a light and mirrors for illumination and examination of the larynx.

laryngoscopy
(lar″ing-gos´kә-pe) visual examination of the larynx with a laryngoscope. adj., laryngoscop´ic., adj.

laryngospasm
(lә-ring´go-spaz″әm) spasmodic closure of the larynx; called also laryngismus, glottic spasm, and laryngeal spasm.

laryngostenosis
(lә-ring″go-stә-no´sis) narrowing or stricture of the larynx.

laryngostomy
(lar″ing-gos´tә-me) surgical creation of an artificial opening into the larynx.

laryngotomy
(lar″ing-got´ә-me) incision of the larynx. inferior laryngotomy incision of the larynx through the lower part of the fibroelastic membrane of the larynx (cricothyroid membrane). median laryngotomy incision of the larynx through the thyroid carti...

laryngotracheal
(lә-ring″go-tra´ke-әl) pertaining to the larynx and trachea; called also tracheolaryngeal.

laryngotracheitis
(lә-ring″go-tra″ke-i´tis) inflammation of the larynx and trachea.

laryngotracheobronchitis
(lә-ring″go-tra″ke-o-brong-ki´tis) inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi; an acute form is the most common cause of croup.

laryngotracheotomy
(lә-ring″go-tra″ke-ot´o-me) incision of the larynx and trachea.

larynx
(lar´inks) the muscular and cartilaginous structure, lined with mucous membrane, situated at the top of the trachea and below the root of the tongue and the hyoid bone; it contains the vocal cords and is the source of the sound heard in speech. The larynx is part of the respiratory system; air passes through it traveling from...

LAS
lymphangioscintigraphy.

Lasègue sign
(lah-seg´) in sciatica, aggravation of pain in the lower limb and back elicited by passive raising of the heel from the bed with the knee straight; no pain is produced when the knee is flexed.

laser
(la´zәr) a device that transfers light of various frequencies into an extremely intense, small, and nearly nondivergent beam of monochromatic radiation in the visible or invisible spectrum, with all the waves in phase; capable of mobilizing immense heat and power when focused at close range, lasers act on ti...