Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

linitis
(lĭ-ni´tis) inflammation of gastric cellular tissue. linitis plastica diffuse fibrous proliferation of the submucous connective tissue of the stomach, resulting in thickening and fibrosis so that the organ is constricted, inelastic, and rigid (like a leather bottle). Called ...

linkage
(lingk´әj) the connection between different atoms in a chemical compound, or the symbol representing it in structural formulas; see also bond. in genetics, the association of genes having loci on the same chromosome, which results in the tendency of a group of such nonallelic genes to be associ...

linkage map
gene map.

linoleic acid
(lin″o-le´ik) a polyunsaturatedessential fatty acid found in many vegetable oils; in the body it is used in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and cell membranes.

linolenic acid
(lin″o-len´ik) a polyunsaturatedessential fatty acid, found in fish oils and seed-derived oils; in the body it is used in the formation of prostaglandin.

linseed oil
the fixed oil obtained from the dried ripe seed of Linum usitatissimum; used as an emollient in various topical preparations, and in veterinary medicine as a laxative. Called also flaxseed oil.

lint
(lint) an absorbent surgical dressing material.

Linton tube
a triple-lumen tube with just one balloon, used to control hemorrhage from esophageal varices. Once it is put in place, the balloon exerts pressure against the submucosal venous network at the cardioesophageal junction, which restricts the flow of blood to the esophageal varices.

liothyronine
(li″o-thi´ro-nēn) a synthetic pharmaceutical preparation of the levorotatory isomer of triiodothyronine; used for replacement therapy in hypothyroidism and for the prophylaxis and treatment of goiter and of thyroid cancer; administered orally or intravenously as the sodium salt.

liotrix
(li´o-triks) a mixture of liothyronine sodium and levothyroxine sodium in a ratio of 1:4 by weight; used for replacement therapy in hypothyroidism and for the prophylaxis and treatment of goiter and of thyroid cancer; administered orally as the sodium salt.

lip
(lip) the upper or lower fleshy margin of the mouth. any liplike part; called also labium. double lip redundancy of the submucous tissue and mucous membrane of the lip on either side of the median line. glenoid lip a ring of fibrocartilage joi...

lip line
a line on the teeth at the level to which the margin of either lip extends.

lip reflex
a reflex movement of the lips of sleeping babies, which occurs on tapping near the angle of the mouth.

lipacidemia
(lip″as-ĭ-de´me-ә) an excess of fatty acids in the blood.

lipaciduria
(lip″as-ĭ-du´re-ә) fatty acids in the urine.

lipase
(lip´ās) (li´pās) fat-splitting enzyme; any enzyme that catalyzes the splitting of fats into glycerol and fatty acids. Measurement of the serum lipase level is an important diagnostic test for acute and chronic pancreatitis.

lipase test
(for liver function and pancreatitis)lipase levels in the blood are measured; elevated levels are seen in impaired liver function and pancreatitis.

lipectomy
(lĭ-pek´tә-me) excision of a localized area of subcutaneous adipose tissue. suction lipectomy , suction-assisted lipectomy surgical removal of localized fat deposits via high pressure vacuum, which is applied by means of a suction curet or cannula inse...

lipedema
(lip″ә-de´mә) an accumulation of excess fat and fluid in subcutaneous tissues.

lipemia
(lĭ-pe´me-ә) hyperlipidemia. alimentary lipemia that occurring after eating. lipemia retinalis a milky appearance of the veins and arteries of the retina, occurring when the lipids of the blood exceed 5 per cent and in diabetes mellitus ...

lipid
(lip´id) any of a group of substances comprising fatty, greasy, oily, and waxy compounds that are insoluble in water and soluble in nonpolar solvents, such as ether and chloroform.Simple lipids are the triglycerides and neutral fats and are an important source of fuel for the body and a much lighter form of energy stora...

lipid pigment
any of various pigments having lipid characteristics, some of which also contain protein or iron, the most important one being lipofuscin.

lipid pneumonia
lipoid pneumonia a rare type of aspiration pneumonia caused by aspiration of oil; mineral oils and vegetable oils usually cause lower grade, chronic inflammation while animal fats tend to cause more acute inflammation and sometimes pulmonary hemorrhage. Called also oil aspiration pneumonia.

lipid storage disease
lipidosis.

lipid transfer protein I
cholesteryl ester transfer protein.

lipid transfer protein II
phospholipid transfer protein.

lipidosis
(lip″ĭ-do´sis) pl. lipido´ses any disorder of lipid metabolism involving abnormal accumulation of lipids, including Hand-Schüller-Christian disease, Niemann-Pick disease, Tay-Sachs disease, Gaucher disease, and other conditions.

lipiduria
(lip″ĭ-du´re-ә) the presence of oil or fat in the urine, such as in the nephrotic syndrome or after skeletal trauma; called also lipuria.

lipoarthritis
(lip″o-ahr-thri´tis) inflammation of the fatty tissue of a joint.

lipoatrophy
(lip″o-at´ro-fe) atrophy of subcutaneous fat. lipodystrophy. insulin lipoatrophy lipoatrophy in the subcutaneous tissues because of repeated injection of insulin at the same site.

lipoblast
(lip´o-blast) a connective tissue cell that develops into a fat cell.

lipocardiac
(lip″o-kahr´de-ak) pertaining to fatty degeneration of the heart.

lipochondroma
(lip″o-kon-dro´mә) chondrolipoma.

lipochrome
(lip´o-krōm) any of a group of fat-soluble hydrocarbon pigments, such as carotene, lutein, and the natural yellow coloring material of butter, egg yolk, and yellow corn. Called also carotenoid.

lipocyte
(lip´o-sīt) fat cell. a fat-storing cell of the liver.

lipodystrophy
(lip″o-dis´trә-fe) any disturbance of fat metabolism. a group of conditions due to defective metabolism of fat, resulting in absence of subcutaneous fat; they may be congenital or acquired and partial or total.

lipofuscin
(lip″o-fu´sin) a yellow to brown, granular, iron-negative lipid pigment found particularly in muscle, heart, liver, and nerve cells; it is the product of cellular wear and tear, accumulating in lysosomes with age. lipochrome.

lipofuscinosis
(lip″o-fu″sin-o´sis) any disorder due to abnormal storage of lipofuscins. neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis any of several genetic lipidoses characterized by progressive neurodegeneration, loss of vision, and a fatal course; included are Janský-Bielschowsky disease, Vogt-Spielmey...

lipogenesis
(lip″o-gen´ә-sis) the formation of fat; the transformation of nonfat food materials into body fat. adj., lipogenet´ic., adj.

lipogenic
(lip″o-jen´ik) producing, forming, or caused by fat.

lipogenous
(li-poj´ә-nәs) producing fatness.

lipogranuloma
(lip″o-gran″u-lo´mә) a nodule of lipoid material associated with granulomatous inflammation.

lipogranulomatosis
(lip″o-gran″u-lo-mә-to´sis) a condition of faulty lipid metabolism in which yellow nodules of lipoid material are deposited in the skin and mucosae, giving rise to granulomatous reactions.

lipohypertrophy
(lip″o-hi-pur´trә-fe) hypertrophy of subcutaneous fat. insulin lipohypertrophy localized hypertrophy of subcutaneous fat at insulin injection sites, caused by the lipogenic effect of insulin.

lipoid
(lip´oid) fatlike. lipid.

lipoid cell tumor of ovary
a usually benign ovarian tumor composed of eosinophilic cells or cells with lipoid vacuoles; it causes masculinization.

lipoid granuloma
xanthoma.

lipoidal degeneration
a condition somewhat resembling fatty change but in which the extraneous material is lipoid.

lipolysis
(lĭ-pol´ә-sis) the splitting up or decomposition of fat. liposuction. adj., lipolyt´ic., adj.

lipoma
(lip-o´mә) a benign fatty tumor usually composed of mature fat cells.

lipomatosis
(lip″o-mә-to´sis) abnormal localized or tumorlike accumulations of fat in the tissues. Called also liposis. multiple symmetric lipomatosis nodular circumscribed lipomatosis in which the fat deposits merge to form a ring around the neck; called also Madelung disease. ...

lipomatous
(lĭ-po´mә-tәs) affected with or of the nature of lipoma.

lipomatous nevus
nevus lipomatosus.

lipomeningocele
(lip″o-mә-ning´go-sēl) meningocele associated with an overlying lipoma, as in spina bifida.

lipomeria
(li″po-me´re-ә) congenital absence of a limb.

lipometabolism
(lip″o-mә-tab´o-liz-әm) metabolism of fat. adj., lipometabol´ic., adj.

lipomyxoma
(lip″o-mik-so´mә) myxolipoma.

lipopenia
(lip″o-pe´ne-ә) deficiency of lipids in the body.

lipophage
(lip´o-fāj) a cell that absorbs or ingests fat.

lipophagia
(lip″o-fa´je-ә) lipolysis.

lipophagic granuloma
a granuloma attended by the loss of subcutaneous fat.

lipophilia
(lip″o-fil´e-ә) affinity for fat. solubility in lipids. adj., lipophil´ic., adj.

lipoplasty
(lip´o-plas″te) modification of body contours by removal of excess adipose tissue.

lipopolysaccharide
(lip″o-pol″e-sak´ә-rīd) a molecule in which lipids and polysaccharides are linked. a major component of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria; lipopolysaccharides are endotoxins and important antigens.

lipoprotein
(lip″o-) (li″po-pro´tēn) any of several complex substances in the blood that serve as transporters of lipids; they consist of a core of water-repellent lipids covered by a layer of phospholipids and apoproteins that make the complex water soluble. There are four main classes of lipoproteins: ...

lipoprotein lipase
(lip″o-pro´tēn li´pās) an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolytic cleavage of fatty acids from triglycerides (or di- or monoglycerides) in chylomicrons, very-low-density lipoproteins, and low-density lipoproteins.

lipoproteinemia
(lip″o-pro″te-ne´me-ә) hyperlipoproteinemia.

liposarcoma
(lip″o-sahr-ko´mә) a malignant tumor having large anaplastic lipoblasts, sometimes with foci of normal fat cells.

liposis
(lĭ-po´sis) lipomatosis.

liposoluble
(lip″o-sol´u-bәl) soluble in fats.

liposome
(lip´o-sōm) a microscopic spherical particle formed by a lipid bilayer enclosing an aqueous compartment.

liposuction
(lip´o-suk″shәn) suction-assisted lipectomy.

lipotroph
(lip´o-trōf) any of the acidophils of the adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary) that contain β-lipotropin; see also corticotroph.

lipotrophy
(lĭ-pot´rә-fe) increase of bodily fat. adj., lipotroph´ic., adj.

lipotropic
(lip″o-tro´pik) acting on fat metabolism by hastening removal, or decreasing the deposit, of fat in the liver. an agent that so acts.

lipotropin
(lip´o-tro″pin) any of several prohormones that promote lipolysis; the most important one in humans is β-lipotropin. β-lipotropin a prohormone that exerts a mild action to break down fats and promotes darkening of the skin by stimulating melanocytes; it is the precursor mo...

lipotropism
(lĭ-pot´ro-piz″әm) the condition of being lipotropic.

lipotropy
(lĭ-pot´rә-pe) lipotropism.

lipovaccine
(lip″o-vak´sēn) a vaccine in a vegetable oil vehicle.

lipoxidase
(lĭ-pok´sĭ-dās) lipoxygenase.

lipoxygenase
(lĭ-pok´sĭ-jәn-ās) an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids to form a peroxide of the acid.

Lippes loop
a form of intrauterine contraceptive device.

lipping
(lip´ing) a wedge-shaped shadow in the radiograph of chondrosarcoma between the cortex and the elevated periosteum. the development of a bony overgrowth in osteoarthritis. Lipping resulting from growth of an osteophyte on the medial condyle of the right tibia.

Lipschütz bodies
intranuclear inclusion bodies found in the lesions of herpes simplex, both in the epithelial cells of the primary skin lesion (skin or cornea) and in the affected nerve cells.

Lipschütz disease
(lip´shēts) Lipschütz ulcer acute vulvar ulcer.

lipuria
(lĭ-pu´re-ә) lipiduria.

liquefacient
(lik″wә-fa´shәnt) producing or pertaining to liquefaction. an agent that so acts.

liquefaction
(lik″wә-fak´shәn) conversion into a liquid form. adj., liquefac´tive., adj.

liquefaction necrosis
liquefactive necrosis necrosis in which the necrotic material becomes softened and liquefied.

liquescent
(lik-wes´әnt) tending to become liquid or fluid.

liquid
(lik´wid) a substance that flows readily in its natural state. flowing readily; neither solid nor gaseous.

liquid diet
a diet limited to the intake of liquids or foods that can be changed to a liquid state; see full liquid diet and clear liquid diet.

liquid nitrogen
nitrogen in liquid form, i.e., below −195.79°C; used as a coolant, such as in thermographic equipment.

liquor
(lik´әr) (li´kwor) a liquid, especially an aqueous solution, containing medicinal substances. anatomical terminology for any of various body fluids. liquor folliculi the fluid in the cavity of a developing graafian follicle.

Lisfranc amputation
amputation of the foot between the metatarsus and tarsus.

Lisfranc ligament
(lēs-frahngk´) a fibrous band extending from the medial cuneiform bone to the second metatarsal bone.

Lisfranc operation
Lisfranc amputation. shoulder disarticulation.

lisinopril
(li-sin´o-pril) a derivative of the active form of enalapril; an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor used in the treatment of hypertension, congestive heart failure, and acute myocardial infarction, administered orally.

lisping
(lisp´ing) a form of sigmatism in which th sounds are substituted for s and z.

Lissauer paralysis
an apoplectiform type of general paresis.