Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

lissencephaly
(lis″әn-sef´ә-le) agyria. adj., lissencephal´ic., adj.

lissencephaly syndrome
Miller-Dieker syndrome.

Listeria
(lis-te´re-ә) a genus of gram-positive bacteria (family Corynebacterium). L. monocyto´genes causes listeriosis.

listeriosis
(lis-te″re-o´sis) infection caused by Listeria monocytogenes. In humans, in utero infections occur transplacentally and result in abortion, stillbirth, and premature birth; infections acquired during birth cause cardiorespiratory distress, diarrhea, vomiting, and meningitis. Infection in adults produces meningitis...

listerism
(lis´tәr-iz″әm) the principles and practice of antiseptic and aseptic surgery.

liter
(L) (le´tәr) a basic unit of volume used for liquids with the SI system, equal to 1000 cubic centimeters, or 1 cubic decimeter, or to 1.0567 quarts liquid measure.

literacy
(lit´әr-ә-se) the ability to read and write. health literacy the extent to which a patient can understand and follow instructions from a health care provider.

lithiasis
(lĭ-thi´ә-sis) a condition marked by formation of calculi and concretions. sometimes used as a synonym for one of the specific types of lithiasis, such as urolithiasis, nephrolithiasis, or cholelithiasis. gallbladder lithiasis cholecystolithiasis. p...

lithium
(Li) (lith´e-әm) a chemical element, atomic number 3, atomic weight 6.939. lithium carbonate a psychotropic drug used to treat acute manic attacks in bipolar disorder and, when given on a maintenance basis, to prevent the recurrence of manic-depressive episode...

lithocholic acid
(lith″o-ko´lik) a secondary bile acid formed by dehydroxylation of chenodeoxycholic acid in the intestine; some is reabsorbed and forms conjugates with glycine and taurine.

lithoclast
(lith´o-klast) lithotrite.

lithogenesis
(lith″o-gen´ә-sis) formation of calculi, or stones. adj., lithog´enous., adj.

litholapaxy
(lĭ-thol´ә-pak″se) the crushing of a stone in the bladder and washing out of the fragments.

litholysis
(lĭ-thol´ĭ-sis) dissolution of calculi.

lithonephritis
(lith″o-nә-fri´tis) inflammation of the kidney due to irritation by calculi.

lithopedion
(lith″o-pe´de-on) calcified fetus.

Lithostat
(lith´o-stat) trademark for a preparation of acetohydroxamic acid, a urease inhibitor used in treatment of kidney stones and urinary tract infections.

lithotomy
(lĭ-thot´ә-me) incision of a duct or organ for removal of calculi. cystolithotomy.

lithotomy position
one in which the patient is on the back with legs well separated, thighs acutely flexed on the abdomen, and legs on thighs; stirrups may be used to support the feet and legs.

lithotripsy
(lith´o-trip″se) the crushing of calculi in the bladder, urethra, kidney, or gallbladder.

lithotripter
(lith´o-trip″tәr) an instrument for crushing calculi in lithotripsy. Also spelled lithotriptor.

lithotriptor
(lith´o-trip″tәr) lithotripter.

lithotrite
(lith´o-trīt) an instrument for crushing calculi; called also lithoclast.

lithotrity
(lĭ-thot´rĭ-te) lithotripsy.

lithuresis
(lith″u-re´sis) passage of gravel in the urine.

litmus
(lit´mәs) a blue pigment prepared from Rocella tinctoria and other lichens. litmus paper absorbent paper impregnated with a solution of litmus, dried and cut into strips. It is used to indicate the acidity or alkalinity of solutions. If dipped into alkaline solution it rema...

litter
(lit´әr) stretcher.

Little disease
(lit´әl) congenital spastic stiffness of the limbs, a form of spastic diplegia due to lack of development of the pyramidal tracts.

littoral cells
flattened cells lining the walls of lymph or blood sinuses.

Littre glands
preputial glands. the male urethral glands.

Littre hernia
protrusion of Meckel diverticulum; called also diverticular hernia.

live vaccine
a vaccine prepared from live microorganisms that have been attenuated but retain their immunogenic properties.

livedo
(lĭ-ve´do) a discolored patch on the skin, usually associated with cold weather. adj., liv´edoid., adj. idiopathic livedo reticularis livedo reticularis with an unknown cause, usually seen in young adults, especially women; it is chronic, characterized by symmetrica...

livedoid dermatitis
local pain, swelling, livedo-like changes, and increased temperature; due to temporary or prolonged local ischemia from vasculitis or from accidental arterial obliteration during intragluteal administration of medications.

liver cell
hepatic cell.

liver cell adenoma
hepatocellular adenoma.

liver flap
asterixis.

liver function test
see specific tests, such as aminopyrine breath test, fructose tolerance test, galactose breath test, lipase test (def. 1), methacetin breath test, monoethylglycinexylidide test, Quick test (def. 1), rose bengal test, and sulfobromophthalein excretion test. Increased levels of the enzymes alanine aminotransferase, aspartate transamina...

liver spot
popular term for solar lentigo. (in the pl.)tinea versicolor.

livid
(liv´id) discolored, as from a contusion or bruise; black and blue.

lividity
(lĭ-vid´ĭ-te) the quality of being livid; discoloration, as of dependent parts, by gravitation of blood.

Livierato sign
vasoconstriction when the abdominal sympathetic nerve is irritated by striking the anterior abdomen along the xiphoumbilical line.

living nonrelated donor
living unrelated donor.

living related donor
one who is a close biological relative of the recipient, such as a mother and child or a brother and sister; see living related donor transplantation.

living unrelated donor
one who is not a close blood relative of the recipient; see living unrelated donor transplantation.

livor
(li´vor) discoloration. livor mortis discoloration on dependent parts of the body after death.

lixiviation
(lik-siv″e-a´shәn) separation of soluble from insoluble material by use of an appropriate solvent, and drawing off the solution.

LLL
left lower lobe (of lung).

LM
Licenciate in Midwifery.

LMA
left mentoanterior (position/presentation of the fetus). See presentation.

LMF
lymphocyte mitogenic factor.

LMP
left mentoposterior (position/presentation of the fetus; see presentation); last menstrual period.

LMT
left mentotransverse (position/presentation of the fetus). See presentation.

LNMP
last normal menstrual period.

LNPF
lymph node permeability factor.

Lo-Ovral
(lo-o´vral) trademark for combination preparations of norgestrel with ethinyl estradiol; used as an oral contraceptive.

LOA
left occipitoanterior (position/presentation of the fetus). See presentation.

Loa
(lo´ә) a genus of filarial nematodes. Loa loa a threadlike species found in West Africa, 2–5 cm (1–2 in) long, that inhabits the subcutaneous connective tissue of the body, which it traverses freely (see loiasis). It is seen especially about the orbit, including...

load
(lōd) the quantity of something that is carried or borne. allostatic load term coined as a more precise alternative to the term stress, referring to environmental challenges that cause an organism to begin efforts to maintain stability (allostasis). case load ...

loading
(lōd´ing) administering sufficient quantities of a substance to test a person's ability to metabolize or absorb it. the exertion of lengthening force on a body part such as a muscle or ligament.

loading dose
a dose of medication, often larger than subsequent doses, administered to establish a therapeutic level of the medication.

LOAEL
lowest observed adverse effect level.

loaiasis
(lo″ә-i´ә-sis) loiasis.

lobar
(lo´bәr) pertaining to a lobe.

lobar atelectasis
that affecting only a lobe of the lung; called also segmental atelectasis.

lobar atrophy
Pick disease.

lobar emphysema
pulmonary emphysema involving less than all the lobes of the affected lung, such as unilateral emphysema.

lobar pneumonia
a type of acute bacterial pneumonia with abundant edema, usually limited to just one lobe of a lung; the most common kind is pneumococcal pneumonia.

lobate
(lo´bāt) divided into lobes.

lobe
(lōb) a more or less well defined portion of an organ or gland. one of the main divisions of a tooth crown.

lobe of azygos vein
azygos lobe.

lobectomy
(lo-bek´tә-me) surgical excision of a lobe, as of the lung, brain, liver, or thyroid. See also lobotomy.

lobes of liver
the traditional four anatomical divisions of the liver, based on surface characteristics, called the right, left, caudate, and quadrate lobes.

lobes of lung
the five major subdivisions of the lungs. See also lung.

lobitis
(lo-bi´tis) inflammation of a lobe, as of the lung.

Lobo disease
(lo´bo) keloidal blastomycosis.

lobomycosis
(lo″bo-mi-ko´sis) keloidal blastomycosis.

lobotomy
(lo-bot´ә-me) a form of psychosurgery consisting of cutting of nerve fibers connecting a lobe of the brain with the thalamus. In most cases the affected parts are the prefrontal or frontal lobes, the areas of the brain involved with emotion; thus the operation is referred to as prefrontal or frontal lobotomy. Once...

Lobstein disease
(lōb´shtīn) the most common type of osteogenesis imperfecta.

Lobstein syndrome
(lōb´shtīn) osteogenesis imperfecta (type I).

lobster-claw hand
cleft hand.

lobular atelectasis
that affecting only a lobule of the lung.

lobular carcinoma
terminal duct carcinoma. see lobular carcinoma in situ.

lobular carcinoma in situ
(LCIS) a type of precancerous breast tumor found in the lobules of mammary glands, progressing slowly, sometimes to invasive lobular carcinoma after many years.

lobular glomerulonephritis
membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis.

lobular pneumonia
bronchopneumonia.

lobulated
(lob´u-lāt″әd) made up of lobules.

lobule
(lob´ūl) a small segment or lobe, especially one of the smaller divisions making up a lobe. adj., lob´ular., adj.

lobule of pancreas
any of the distinct lobules into which the pancreas is divided by extension of septa of the capsule into the gland.

lobules of epididymis
the wedge-shaped parts of the head of the epididymis, each comprising an efferent ductule of the testis.

lobules of liver
hepatic lobules.

lobulus
(lob´u-lәs) Latin word meaning lobule; a term used in anatomy.

lobus
(lo´bәs) Latin word meaninglobe; a term used in anatomy.

local
(lo´kәl) restricted to or pertaining to one spot or part; not general.

local disease
a condition which originates in and remains confined to one part of the body.

local hormone
a substance with hormonelike properties that acts at an anatomically restricted site; most are rapidly degraded. Called also autacoid and autocoid.

local paralysis
paralysis of one muscle or group of muscles.

local reflex
a reflex whose arc does not pass through the spinal cord, such as occurs in the enteric nervous system. See also intramural plexus.

local stimulant
a stimulant that affects only, or mainly, the part to which it is applied.

localization
(lo″kәl-ĭ-za´shәn) restriction to a circumscribed or limited area. the determination of a site or place of any process or lesion. cerebral localization determination of areas of the cortex involved in performance of certain functions. ge...