Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`
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Dorland's Medical Dictionary
Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary
Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128
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malaxation(mal″әk-sa´shәn) an act of kneading.
maldevelopment(mal″dә-vel´әp-mәnt) abnormal growth or development.
male(māl) an individual of the sex that produces spermatozoa.
male erectile disorderthe psychiatric term for psychogenic impotence; a sexual dysfunction involving failure by a male to attain or maintain erection until completion of sexual relations causing significant distress or interpersonal difficulty. See also female sexual arousal disorder.
male orgasmic disorderpersistently delayed or absent orgasm in a male after a normal sexual excitement phase that is adequate in focus, intensity, and duration. The most common form involves inability to achieve orgasm during intercourse although it can be achieved by manual or oral stimulation. See also female orgasmic disorder.
male pattern alopeciamale pattern baldness see androgenetic alopecia.
male reproductive organsthe external organs, accessory glands that secrete special fluids, and the accompanying ducts in the male. The external reproductive organs include the penis, testes, and scrotum. The accessory glands are the prostate, two seminal vesicles, and two bulbourethral glands.
male Turner syndromeNoonan syndrome.
Malecot cathetera two- or four-winged female catheter. a tube with an expanded tip that is used for gastrostomy feedings.
maleruption(mal″ә-rup´shәn) eruption of a tooth out of its normal position.
malformation(mal″for-ma´shәn) a type of anomaly. a morphologic defect of an organ or larger region of the body, resulting from an intrinsically abnormal developmental process. See also deformity. vascular malformation an abnormal vascular formation resulting from a dev...
malic acid(ma´lik) (mal´ik) a compound that is found in the juices of many fruits and plants, and is an intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid.
malignancy(mә-lig´nәn-se) a tendency to progress in virulence. the quality of being malignant. a cancer, especially one with the potential to cause death.
malignant(mә-lig´nәnt) having the properties of anaplasia, invasiveness, and metastasis; said of tumors. tending to become progressively worse and to result in death.
malignant atrophic papulosisan often fatal disease usually seen in men, characterized by endovasculitis of the skin, gastrointestinal tract, and sometimes other organs, resulting in ischemic infarction of involved tissues. Skin lesions are erythematous papules that become umbilicated and develop porcelain-white centers with telangiectatic borders; t...
malignant hypertensiona type of severe hypertension having a poor prognosis, characterized by papilledema of the ocular fundus, vascular hemorrhagic lesions, thickening of walls of small arteries and arterioles, and left ventricular hypertrophy.
malignant lymphomaa group of malignant neoplasms characterized by multiplication of cells native to the lymphoid tissues, such as lymphocytes, histiocytes, and their precursors and derivatives. The group is divided into two major categories: Hodgkin disease and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, with subtypes. classified according to predominant cell type and degr...
malignant melanomaa malignant skin tumor, usually developing from a nevus and consisting of dark masses of cells with a marked tendency to metastasis. It is not common, but its incidence is increasing and it is the most aggressive type of skin cancer. It arises from pigment- (melanin-) producing cells and varies in course and prognosis according...
malignant mixed tumora type of malignant pleomorphic adenoma usually occurring in the salivary glands of older adults in one of two forms: in the first both epithelial and mesenchymal components are malignant and may metastasize (carcinosarcoma) and in the second a histologically benign appearance persists in both the primary tumor and metastatic f...
malignant neutropeniaagranulocytosis.
malignant otitis externaa progressive, necrotizing infection of the external auditory canal caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and affecting chiefly elderly diabetic and immunocompromised patients. It begins with the formation of granulation tissue in the external auditory canal, followed by localized chondritis and osteomyelitis, extension to the tissu...
malignant pleomorphic adenomaany of several malignant epithelial neoplasms arising in a pre-existing pleomorphic adenoma, usually in the salivary glands of an older adult; it occurs in several types, usually divided into carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma. and malignant mixed tumor.
malignant tumorone that has the properties of invasiveness and metastasis; see discussion under tumor.
malingerer(mә-ling´әr-әr) one who is guilty of malingering.
malingering(mә-ling´әr-ing) willful, deliberate, and fraudulent feigning or exaggeration of the symptoms of illness or injury to attain a consciously desired end.
malleable(mal´e-ә-bәl) susceptible of being beaten out into a thin plate.
mallein testa skin test analogous to the tuberculin test, using mallein to test for exposure to glanders.
malleoincudal(mal″e-o-ing´ku-dәl) pertaining to the malleus and incus.
malleolus(mә-le´o-lәs) a rounded process. either of the two rounded prominences on either side of the ankle joint; the lateral (or fibular, external, or outer) malleolus is at the lower end of the fibula and the medial (or tibial, internal, or inner) malleolus is at the lower end of the tibia. adj. malle´olar...
malleotomy(mal″e-ot´ә-me) operative division of the malleus. operative separation of the malleoli.
mallet fingerpartial permanent flexion of the terminal phalanx of a finger caused by a ball or other object striking the end or back of the finger, resulting in rupture of the attachment of the extensor tendon. Called also baseball or hammer finger.
malleus(mal´e-әs) the outermost and largest of the three auditory ossicles of the middle ear. Called also hammer.
Mallory bodieshyaline cytoplasmic inclusions of cytokeratin, found in hepatocytes in alcoholic cirrhosis and other liver disorders.
Mallory-Weiss syndrome(mal´ә-re wīs´) hematemesis or melena that follows typically upon many hours or days of severe vomiting and retching, traceable to one or several slitlike lacerations of the gastric mucosa, longitudinally placed at or slightly below the esophagogastric junction.
malnutrition(mal″noo-trish´әn) poor nourishment resulting from an inadequate or improper diet or from some defect in metabolism that prevents the body from using its food properly. Extreme malnutrition may lead to starvation. Although poverty is still the major cause of malnutrition, anyone can become undernourished by seriou...
malocclusion(mal″ә-kloo´zhәn) malposition of the teeth resulting in the faulty meeting of the teeth or jaws; this should be corrected because it predisposes to dental caries and may lead to digestive disorders and inadequate nutrition because of difficulty in chewing. If there is facial distortion., it can have ps...
Malot testa test for the quantitative determination of phosphoric acid in urine by the reaction with cochineal and a uranium salt.
malpighian capsuleBowman capsule.
malpighian cellkeratinocyte.
malpighian corpusclethe funnel-like structure constituting the beginning of the structural unit of the kidney (nephron) and comprising the malpighian capsule and its partially enclosed glomerulus. Called also renal corpuscle.
malpighian layerstratum germinativum.
malpighian pyramidsrenal pyramids.
malposed tootha tooth out of its normal position.
malposition(mal″pә-zish´әn) abnormal placement; called also displacement. See also ectopia.
malpractice(mal-prak´tis) any professional misconduct, unreasonable lack of skill or fidelity in professional duties, or illegal or immoral conduct. Malpractice is one form of negligence, which in legal terms can be defined as the omission to do something that a reasonable person, guided by those ordinary considerations whic...
malpresentation(mal″prez-әn-ta´shәn) faulty fetal presentation.
malrotation(mal″ro-ta´shәn) abnormal or pathologic rotation, as of the spinal column. failure of normal rotation of an organ, as of the gut, during embryological development.
malt worker's lunghypersensitivity pneumonitis in brewery and distillery workers, as a result of an allergic reaction after inhalation of barley dust containing spores of Aspergillus clavatus and A. fumigatus during the malting process.
maltase(mawl´tās) α-glucosidase. acid maltase acid α-glucosidase.
maltitol(mawl´tĭ-tol) a hydrogenated, partially hydrolyzed starch used as a sweetener.
maltose(mawl´tōs) a disaccharide formed when starch is hydrolyzed by amylase.
malunion(mal-ūn´yәn) faulty union of the fragments of a fractured bone.
mamelon(mam´ә-lon) one of three tubercles on the cutting edge of a newly erupted incisor tooth. the nipple-like elevation in the umbilicus.
mamilla(mә-mil´ә) mammilla.
mamillary bodymammillary body either of the pair of small spherical masses in the interpeduncular fossa of the midbrain, forming part of the hypothalamus.
mamillitis(mam″ĭ-li´tis) mammillitis.
mamma(mam´ә) Latin word meaning breast; a term used in anatomy.
mammal(mam´әl) an individual of the Mammalia, a division of vertebrates, including all that possess hair and suckle their young. adj., mammal´ian., adj.
mammalgia(mә-mal´jә) mastalgia.
mammaplasty(mam´ә-plas″te) plastic surgery of the breast; called also mammoplasty. augmentation mammaplasty plastic surgery to increase the size of the female breast, or sometimes to uplift pendulous breasts. It can be done for purely cosmetic purposes, as when a woman wants lar...
mammary(mam´әr-e) pertaining to the breast; see mammary gland.
mammary calculusa concretion in one of the lactiferous ducts.
mammary ductslactiferous ducts.
mammary glanda specialized gland of the skin of female mammals, which secretes milk for the nourishment of their young; it exists in a rudimentary state in the male. See also breast. Mammary gland.
mammary linemammary ridge.
mammary papillanipple (def. 1).
mammary regionthe part of the pectoral region surrounding the mammary gland.
mammary ridgean ectodermal thickening in early embryos, along which the mammary glands subsequently develop.
mammatroph(mam´ә-trōf) lactotroph.
mammectomy(mә-mek´tә-me) mastectomy.
mammilla(mә-mil´ә) pl. mamil´lae nipple (def. 1). papilla. adj., mam´millary., adj.
mammillary arteriesorigin, posterior communicating artery; branches, none; distribution, mammillary bodies.
mammillary processa tubercle on each superior articular process of a lumbar vertebra.
mammillated(mam´ĭ-lāt″әd) having nipple-like projections or prominences.
mammillation(mam″ĭ-la´shәn) the condition of being mammillated. a nipple-like elevation or projection.
mammilliform(mә-mil´ĭ-form) shaped like a nipple.
mammillitis(mam″ĭ-li´tis) thelitis; inflammation of the nipple. Also spelled mamillitis.
mammiplasia(mam″ĭ-pla´zhә) mammoplasia.
mammitis(mә-mi´tis) mastitis.
mammogram(mam´ә-gram) a radiograph of the breast.
mammography(mә-mog´rә-fe) radiography of the breast; for women over the age of 50, it is recommended that this be done yearly to screen for breast cancer that may not be discovered during other types of breast examination.
mammoplasia(mam″o-pla´zhә) development of breast tissue.
mammoplasty(mam´o-plas″te) mammaplasty.
mammose(mam´ōs) having unusually large breasts. mammillated.
mammosomatotroph adenomaa plurihormonal adenoma composed of mammosomatotrophs, a single cell type secreting both growth hormone and prolactin; cf. mixed somatotroph-lactotroph adenoma.
mammotomy(mә-mot´ә-me) mastotomy.
mammotrope(mam´o-trōp″) lactotroph.
mammotroph(mam´o-trōf) lactotroph.
mammotrophic(mam″o-tro´fik) mammotropic.
mammotropic(mam″o-tro´pik) having a stimulating effect on the mammary gland.
mammotropin(mam´o-tro″pin) prolactin.
managed carea method of health care delivery that focuses on collaboration among and coordination of all services to avoid overlap, duplication, and delays and to reduce costs. There is an emphasis on efficacy and timeliness of interventions to prevent unnecesary delays in discharge from the hospital or agency.
manager(man´ah-jer) one who controls how something is done or used. case manager the health care professional responsible for formulating a coordinated, comprehensive plan for individuals who need long-term health care supervision. It is the responsibility of the case manager to work wi...
Manchester operation(man´chәs-tәr) Fothergill operation.
mandible(man´dĭ-bәl) the horseshoe-shaped bone forming the lower jaw. It consists of a central portion that forms the chin and supports the lower teeth, and two perpendicular portions or rami that point upward from the back of the chin on either side and articulate with the temporal bones at the temporomandibular joi...
mandibular archthe first branchial arch, being the rudiment of the maxillary and mandibular regions; it also gives rise to the malleus and incus. the dental arch formed by the teeth of the mandible; called also inferior dental arch.
mandibular arteryinferior alveolar artery.
mandibular fossaa depression in the inferior surface of the pars squamosa of the temporal bone at the base of the zygomatic process, in which the condyle of the mandible rests; called also glenoid fossa.
mandibular hinge positiona position of the mandible that allows the condyles to move on the hinge axis during the opening or closing of the jaws.
mandibular nerveone of three terminal divisions of the trigeminal nerve, passing through the foramen ovale to the infratemporal fossa. Origin, trigeminal ganglion; branches, meningeal branch, masseteric, deep temporal, lateral and medial pterygoid, buccal, auriculotemporal, lingual, and inferior alveolar nerves; distribution, extensive distrib...