Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

localized amnesia
circumscribed amnesia. lacunar amnesia.

localized pericarditis
a term usually denoting chronic pericarditis with thickened white or milky epicardial areas.

localized peritonitis
circumscribed peritonitis.

localized scleroderma
scleroderma confined to the skin and subcutaneous tissue or secondarily involving the musculoskeletal system. It occurs in three forms: morphea, linear scleroderma, and coup de sabre . Called also circumscribed scleroderma. morphea.

localized scratch dermatitis
irritation of an area of skin simply because a person continually scratches it; there may have been a condition there such as contact dermatitis, but the person continues to scratch the area after the original condition has cleared up.

localized tetanus
a type of tetanus (def. 2) characterized by localized muscular twitching and spasms near the site of injury; it may be mild and self-limited or may progress to generalized tetanus.

lochia
(lo´ke-ә) a vaginal discharge occurring after childbirth. Lochia discharge should be checked every 15 minutes for the first hour after delivery, once every hour for the first 8 hours, and then every 8 hours. adj., lo´chial., adj. lochia alba the final vaginal discharg...

loci
(lo´si) plural of locus.

lock
(lok) a place, often airtight, where something is sealed in. a device such as a clamp for holding something firmly in place. heparin lock see heparin lock.

lock-stitch suture
a continuous hemostatic suture used in intestinal surgery, in which the needle is, after each stitch, passed through the loop of the preceding stitch.

Locke solution
(lok) an aqueous solution of sodium chloride, calcium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium bicarbonate, and glucose adjusted to pH 7.4; used in physiologic experiments to keep the excised heart beating.

locked-in syndrome
a condition in which the patient is awake and retains mental capacity but cannot express himself or herself because of paralysis of afferent motor pathways, preventing speech and limb movements (except for some form of voluntary eye movement, usually up and down). The patient may be able to establish effective communicati...

lockjaw
(lok´jaw) tetanus. trismus.

Lockwood ligament
(lok´wood) a suspensory sheath supporting the eyeball.

locomotion
(lo″kә-mo´shәn) movement, or the ability to move, from one place to another. adj., locomo´tive., adj.

locomotor
(lo″kә-mo´tәr) of or pertaining to locomotion.

locomotor system
the structures in a living organism responsible for locomotion; in humans these consist of the muscles, joints, and ligaments of the lower limbs as well as the arteries and nerves that supply them.

locoregional therapy
therapy that affects only a localized area rather than being systemic; said particularly of chemotherapy.

loculation syndrome
Froin syndrome.

loculus
(lok´u-lәs) Latin word meaning small space or cavity; a term used in anatomy.

locum tenens
(lo´kum ten´ens) a physician who temporarily takes the place of another.

locus
(lo´kәs) pl. lo´ci Latin word meaning a place or site. in genetics, the specific site of a gene on a chromosome. locus ceruleus a pigmented eminence in the superior angle of the floor of the fourth ventricle of the brain.

lodoxamide
(lo-dok´sә-mīd) a mast cell stabilizer that inhibits immediate hypersensitivity, applied topically to the eye as the tromethamine salt for treatment of allergen-induced conjunctivitis, keratitis, and keratoconjunctivitis.

LOEL
lowest observed effect level.

Lofstrand crutch
the most common kind of forearm crutch, consisting of an aluminum tube that bends slightly to the rear just above the hand grip.

log-rank test
a statistical test used to test the null hypothesis that two groups have the same distribution of survival by analyzing and comparing the number of observed and expected deaths for each group each time a death occurs in either group.

logadectomy
(log″ә-dek´tә-me) excision of a portion of the conjunctiva.

logagraphia
(log″ә-graf´e-ә) agraphia.

logamnesia
(log″am-ne´zhә) receptive aphasia.

logaphasia
(log″ә-fa´zhә) motor aphasia.

logoclonia
(log″o-klo´ne-ә) spasmodic repetition of words or parts of words, particularly the end syllables, such as sometimes seen in Alzheimer disease.

logopathy
(log-op´ә-the) speech disorder.

logopedia
(log″o-pe´de-ә) logopedics.

logopedics
(log-o-pe´diks) the study and treatment of speech defects. See also speech pathology.

logoplegia
(log″o-ple´jә) paralysis of the speech organs.

logorrhea
(log″o-re´ә) excessive volubility, with rapid, pressured speech, as in manic episodes of bipolar disorder and some cases of schizophrenia. Called also lalorrhea, pressured speech, tachylalia, and tachyphasia.

logospasm
(log´o-spaz″әm) logoclonia. stuttering.

loiasis
(lo-i´ә-sis) infection with nematodes of the genus Loa; called also loaiasis.

loin
(loin) the part of the back between the thorax and pelvis; called also lumbus.

loin pain–hematuria syndrome
a syndrome of intense loin pain, either unilateral or bilateral, lasting from a few days to weeks, followed by hematuria, usually seen in young women; the etiology is unknown, but some cases have been linked to treatment with estrogen compounds.

Lombard test
a test for simulated deafness using a noise maker.

lomefloxacin
(lo″mә-flok´sә-sin) a broad-spectrum antibiotic effective against a wide range of aerobic gram-negative and gram-positive organisms; used as the hydrochloride salt.

Lomotil
(lo´mo-til) trademark for combination preparations of diphenoxylate hydrochloride and atropine sulfate, used in treatment of diarrhea.

lomustine
(lo-mus´tēn) a nitrosourea alkylating agent used as an antineoplastic agent in treatment of Hodgkin disease and brain tumors, administered orally. Called also CCNU.

long bone
one whose length far exceeds its breadth and thickness.

long central artery
distal medial striate artery.

long ciliary nerves
origin, nasociliary nerve, from ophthalmic nerve; distribution, dilator pupillae muscle, uvea, cornea; modality, sympathetic and general sensory.

long posterior ciliary arteries
origin, ophthalmic artery; branches, none; distribution, iris, ciliary processes.

long QT syndrome
a combination of prolonged Q–T interval on an electrocardiogram and torsades de pointes; it may be congenital or acquired, the latter usually being the result of drug administration.

long thoracic nerve
origin, brachial plexus (anterior rami of C5–C7); distribution, descends behind brachial plexus to serratus anterior muscle; modality, motor.

long-acting insulin
an insulin preparation whose onset of action is more than 3 hours after injection and peak of action is between 10 and 30 hours after injection. Examples include extended insulin zinc suspension and protamine zinc insulin suspension.

long-acting thyroid stimulator
(LATS) a substance occurring in the blood in hyperthyroidism, having a stimulating effect on the thyroid that lasts longer than the stimulating effect of thyrotropin. It is associated with the IgA class of immunoglobulins and may function as an autoantibody.

long-term care
health care services provided over an extended period of time for individuals unable to fully execute activities of daily living; it can be provided by a variety of agencies in outpatient settings as well as on an inpatient basis. Called also extended care.

long-term care facility
an institution that cares for individuals who have chronic illnesses or physical impairments and are unable to care for themselves but do not require hospitalization. The most common types are the skilled nursing facility and the intermediate care facility. Called also nursing home and extended care facility.

long-term memory
the aspect of memory in which knowledge is stored permanently, to be activated when cued; it is theoretically unlimited in capacity.

longissimus
(lon-jis´ĭ-mәs) Latin word meaning longest; a term used in anatomy.

longissimus capitis muscle
origin, transverse processes of four or five upper thoracic vertebrae, articular processes of three or four lower cervical vertebrae; insertion, mastoid process of temporal bone; innervation, branches of cervical nerves; action, draws head backward, rotates head.

longissimus cervicis muscle
origin, transverse processes of four or five upper thoracic vertebrae; insertion, transverse processes of second to sixth cervical vertebrae; innervation, lower cervical and upper thoracic nerves; action, extends cervical vertebrae.

longissimus muscle
the largest element of the erector spinae muscle, which includes the longissimus capitis, longissimus cervicis, and longissimus thoracis muscles.

longissimus thoracis muscle
origin, transverse and articular processes of lumbar vertebrae and thoracolumbar fascia; insertion, transverse processes of all thoracic vertebrae, nine or ten lower ribs; innervation, lumbar and thoracic nerves; action, extends thoracic vertebrae.

longitudinal fissure of cerebrum
the deep fissure between the two cerebral hemispheres; deep within it is a bed of matted white fibers called the corpus callosum that connects the hemispheres.

longitudinal fracture
one extending along the length of the bone.

longitudinal study
one in which participants, processes, or systems are studied over time, with data being collected at multiple intervals. The two main types are prospective studies and retrospective studies. It contrasts with a cross-sectional s.

longitudinal wave
one in which the oscillatory motion is parallel to the direction of propagation of the wave.

longitudinalis
(lon″ji-too″dĭ-na´lis) lengthwise; in official anatomic nomenclature it designates a structure that is parallel to the long axis of the body or an organ.

longus
(long´gәs) Latin word meaning long; a term used in anatomy.

longus capitis muscle
origin, transverse processes of third to sixth cervical vertebrae; insertion, basilar part of occipital bone; innervation, branches from first, second, and third cervical nerves; action, flexes head.

longus colli muscle
origin,SUPERIOR OBLIQUE PORTION—transverse processes of third to fifth cervical vertebrae; INFERIOR OBLIQUE PORTION—bodies of first to third thoracic vertebrae; VERTICAL PORTION—bodies of three upper thoracic and three lower cervical vertebrae; insertion,SUPERIOR OBLIQUE PORTION—tubercle of anterior arch of at...

loop
(lldbomacp) a turn or sharp curve in a cordlike structure.

loop of Henle
Henle loop.

loop suture
interrupted suture.

loose anagen hair syndrome
a syndrome of unknown etiology, usually seen in children, in which scalp hair can be plucked easily and painlessly during the anagen part of the hair cycle, owing to defective anchorage of the hair shaft to the follicle; there is also slowing of hair growth.

loose fracture
a fracture in which the bone is completely broken so that the broken ends have free play.

loosening
(loo´sәn-ing) freeing from restraint or strictness. loosening of associations in psychiatry, a disorder of thinking in which associations of ideas become so shortened, fragmented, and disturbed as to lack logical relationship.

Looser transformation zones
dark lines seen on radiographs of bones, thought to represent pathological healing phases of fatigue fractures occurring in certain bone diseases.

Looser-Milkman syndrome
(lo´zәr milk´man) Milkman syndrome.

LOP
left occipitoposterior (position/presentation of the fetus). See presentation.

loperamide
(lo-per´ә-mīd) an agent used for its antiperistaltic action for treatment of diarrhea and reduction of the volume of discharge from ileostomies, administered orally.

lophotrichous
(lo-fot´rĭ-kәs) having two or more flagella at one end; said of bacterial cells.

Lopid
(lo´pid) trademark for a preparation of gemfibrozil, an antihyperlipidemic agent.

lopinavir
(lo-pin´ә-vir) an HIV protease inhibitor, an antiviral agent used in combination with ritonavir in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus infection; administered orally.

Lopressor
(lo-pres´or) trademark for preparations of metoprolol tartrate, used to treat hypertension, angina pectoris, and myocardial infarction.

loracarbef
(lor″ә-kahr´bef) a carbacephemantibiotic closely related to cefaclor and with similar antimicrobial activity and uses.

Lorain disease
(lo-ră´) Lorain-Lévi syndrome (lo-ră´ la-ve´) hypophysial infantilism.

loratadine
(lә-rat´ә-dēn) a nonsedating antihistamine (H1 receptor antagonist) used for treatment of allergic rhinitis and chronic idiopathic urticaria and as a treatment adjunct in asthma; administered orally.

lorazepam
(lor-az´ә-pam) a benzodiazepine derivative used as an antianxiety agent, sedative-hypnotic, preanesthetic medication, and anticonvulsant, and as an antiemetic in cancer chemotherapy; administered orally, intravenously, or intramuscularly.

lordoscoliosis
(lor″do-sko″le-o´sis) lordosis complicated with scoliosis.

lordosis
(lor-do´sis) the anterior concavity in the curvature of the lumbar and cervical spine as viewed from the side. abnormal increase in this curvature. See also kyphosis and scoliosis. adj., lordot´ic., adj.

Lorelco
(lo-rel´ko) trademark for a preparation of probucol, an anticholesteremic.

Lorenz operation
(lor´enz) an operation for congenital dislocation of the hip.

losartan
(lo-sahr´tan) an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used as an antihypertensive; used as the potassium salt.

loss
(laws) the amount by which a quantity or group is diminished; something that escapes from its owner's possession. insensible loss , insensible water loss the amount of fluid lost on a daily basis from the lungs, skin, and respiratory tract, as well as water excreted in th...

LOT
left occipitotransverse (position/presentation of the fetus). See presentation.

loteprednol
(lo″tә-pred´nol) a corticosteroid applied topically to the conjunctiva in the treatment of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis, postoperative inflammation, and ocular inflammatory disorders.

lotion
(lo´shәn) a liquid suspension, solution, or emulsion for external application to the body. calamine lotion a mixture of calamine, zinc oxide, glycerin, bentonite magma (a suspending agent), and calcium hydroxide solution; used as a skin protectant.

Lotrimin
(lo´trĭ-min) trademark for preparations of clotrimazole, an antifungal agent.

Lou Gehrig disease
(loo´ ger´ig) amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Louis angle
sternal angle.

Louis-Bar syndrome
(loo-e´-bahr´) ataxia-telangiectasia.

Louisiana pneumonia
a type of pneumonia caused by a strain of Chlamydophila psittaci, seen in Louisiana.