Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`
The wordlist doesn't exist anymore, or, the website doesn't exist anymore. On this page you can find a copy of the original information. The information may have been taken offline because it is outdated.
|
|
Dorland's Medical Dictionary
Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary
Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128
|
mandibular processmandibular prominence.
mandibular prominencethe ventral prominence formed by bifurcation of the mandibular (first pharyngeal) arch in the embryo, which unites ventrally with its fellow to form the lower jaw; called also mandibular process.
mandibular reflexjaw reflex.
mandibular teeththe teeth of the mandible (lower jaw).
mandibulofacial dysostosisa hereditary disorder occurring in two different forms: the complete form is Franceschetti syndrome and the incomplete form is Treacher Collins syndrome. Persons with the condition have downslanting eyes (antimongoloid palpebral fissures); absence of all or part of the lower lid; underdeveloped cheekbones that appear depressed; a pro...
Mandol(man´dol) trademark for a preparation of cefamandole, a broad-spectrum cephalosporinantibiotic.
mandrin(man´drin) a firm stylet or guide for a flexible catheter.
maneuver(mә-noo´vәr) any dexterous procedure; these can also be called methods, operations, procedures, surgery, or techniques.
mangafodipir(mang″gә-fo´dĭ-pir) a contrast-enhancing agent used to improve the images obtained in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of hepatic lesions; administered intravenously as the trisodium salt.
manganese(Mn) (mang´gә-nēs) a chemical element, atomic number 25, atomic weight 54.938. Its salts occur in the body tissue in very small amounts and serve as activators of liver arginase and other enzymes.
manganese poisoninga condition usually caused by inhalation of manganese dust; symptoms of chronic exposure include mental disorders accompanying a syndrome resembling Parkinson disease, and inflammation throughout the respiratory system.
mange(mānj) a skin disease of domestic animals, due to mites.
mango dermatitisa type of urushiol dermatitis caused by excessive contact with products of the tree Mangifera indica (skins of mangoes or leaves of the tree).
mania(ma´ne-ә) a phase of bipolar disorders characterized by expansiveness, elation, agitation, hyperexcitability, hyperactivity, and increased speed of thought or speech (flight of ideas). adj., man´ic., adj.
manic syndromemania.
manic-depressive(man´ik-de-pres´iv) marked by alternating periods of mania and depression.
manic-depressive disordersformer name for the bipolar disorders.
manipulation(mә-nip″u-la´shәn) skillful or dexterous treatment by the hands. In physical therapy, the forceful passive movement of a joint beyond its active limit of motion. joint manipulation the attempt to restore the full joint mobility by a single forceful movement. It may be pe...
Mann signwith Graves orbitopathy, the two eyes appear not to be on the same level. Called also Dixon Mann sign.
Mann-Whitney testMann-Whitney U testMann-Whitney-Wilcoxon test rank sum test.
mannitol(man´ĭ-tol) a sugar alcohol widely distributed in plants and fungi; it is an osmotic diuretic administered to prevent and treat acute renal failure, to reduce cerebral edema or elevated intraocular or cerebrospinal fluid pressure, and to reduce renal damage due to toxic substances; also used as an irrigating soluti...
Mannkopf signincrease in the frequency of the pulse on pressure over a painful spot; not present in simulated pain.
mannose(man´ōs) a monosaccharide sugar of the aldose group, found as part of many glycolipids and glycoproteins.
mannoside(man´o-sīd) a glycoside of mannose.
mannosidosis(man″o-sĭ-do´sis) an inborn error of metabolism, thought to be an autosomal recessive trait, marked by a defect in the enzyme that normally cleaves mannose residues from mannosides, so that there is lysosomal accumulation of mannose-rich substrates. Affected individuals have coarse features, upper respiratory conge...
manometer(mә-nom´ә-tәr) an instrument for ascertaining the pressure of liquids or gases.
manometer-tipped catheterone with a small pressure transducer on its tip; used in measuring intravascular or intracardiac pressure.
manometry(mә-nom´ә-tre) the measurement of pressure by means of a manometer. esophageal manometry a diagnostic study to assess the competence of the lower esophageal sphincter. A catheter sheathed with a water-filled balloon is inserted nasally and advanced into the esophagus;...
Manson disease(man´sәn) Manson schistosomiasis infection with Schistosoma mansoni, which lives mainly in the inferior and superior mesenteric veins but migrates to deposit eggs in venules, primarily of the large intestine. Eggs lodging in the liver may lead to peripheral fibrosis, hepatosplenomegaly, and ascites.
Mansonella(man″sәn-el´ә) a genus of nematode parasites of the superfamily Filarioidea. M. ozzar´di is found in the mesentery and visceral fat of humans in Central and South America.
Mansonia(mәn-so´ne-ә) a genus of mosquitoes comprising some 55 species, distributed primarily in tropical regions, important as vectors of microfilariae and viruses.
mantle(man´tәl) an enveloping structure or layer, especially the brain mantle, or pallium.
mantle cell lymphomamantle zone lymphoma a rare form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma having a usually diffuse pattern with both small lymphocytes and small cleaved cells.
mantle fieldin radiation therapy, such as for malignant lymphoma, a circumscribed area of irradiation around the shoulders and chest, including the neck, clavicular regions, axillae, and mediastinum. See also under irradiation.
mantle field irradiationirradiation of a mantle field in radiation therapy for malignant lymphoma.
mantle layerthe middle layer of the wall of the primordial neural tube, containing primordial nerve cells and later forming the gray matter of the central nervous system.
Mantoux test(man-too´) a type of tuberculin test. A solution of PPD-tuberculin is injected into the dermis of the forearm, and two or three days later the site is checked. The size of any hardening, in combination with patient risk factors, is used to determine whether the test is positive (meaning that the patient has had ex...
manual(man´u-әl) of or pertaining to the hand; performed by the hand or hands. a small reference book, particularly one giving instructions or guidelines.
manual muscle test(for muscle function) the therapist manually puts the patient's body part through a range of motion and records the extent of function and limitations.
manubrium(mә-noo´bre-әm) Latin word meaning handle. In anatomy, it is used for a handlelike structure or part. m. sterni. manubrium mallei , manubrium of malleus the largest process of the malleus; it is attached to the middle layer of the tympanic membra...
manus(ma´nәs) Latin word meaning hand; a term used in anatomy.
MAOmonoamine oxidase.
MAO inhibitormonoamine oxidase inhibitor.
MAOImonoamine oxidase inhibitor.
map(map) a two-dimensional graphic representation of arrangement in space.
maple bark diseasea granulomatous interstitial pneumonitis due to inhalation of the spores from Cryptostroma corticale, a mold found beneath the bark of maple logs.
maple syrup urine diseasea genetic disorder involving deficiency of an enzyme necessary in the metabolism of branched-chain amino acids, marked clinically by mental and physical retardation, feeding difficulties, and a characteristic odor of the urine.
mapping(map´ing) the creation on a flat surface of a representation of an area, showing the relative position of various features. cardiac mapping an electrophysiological procedure in which electric potentials recorded by electrodes placed directly on the heart are processed to give a two-dimens...
maprotiline(mә-pro´tĭ-lēn) a tetracyclic antidepressant administered orally as the hydrochloride salt for relief of symptoms of depression. It acts by blocking the reuptake of norepinephrine at nerve terminals; unlike tricyclic antidepressants, it has no effect on serotoninergic transmission.
marasmus(mә-raz´mәs) a form of protein-calorie malnutrition occurring chiefly in the first year of life, with growth retardation and wasting of subcutaneous fat and muscle, but usually with retention of appetite and mental alertness. It is considered to be related to kwashiorkor. Infectious disease may be a pr...
Marax(mar´aks) trademark for a preparation of ephedrine sulfate, theophylline, and hydroxyzine hydrochloride; used for control of bronchospasm.
marble bonesmarble bone disease osteopetrosis.
Marburg disease(mahr´boork) a rare, acute, often fatal type of hemorrhagic fever caused by the Marburg virus, occurring most often in central and southern Africa.
Marburg hemorrhagic feverMarburg disease.
Marburg virusan RNA virus that occurs in Africa and causes Marburg disease; it is transmitted by direct physical contact with infected monkeys or humans.
march(mahrch) the progression of electrical activity through the motor cortex. cortical march , epileptic march , jacksonian march the spread of abnormal electrical activity from one area of the cerebral cortex to adjacent areas, characteristic of jacksonian e...
march footpainful swelling of the foot, usually with fracture of a metatarsal bone, after excessive foot strain.
march fracturestress fracture.
Marchal bodiescell inclusion bodies observed in infectious ectromelia.
Marchesani syndrome(mahr″kә-sah´ne) Weill-Marchesani syndrome.
Marchiafava-Bignami disease(mahr″ke-ә-fah´vah be-nyah´me) progressive degeneration of the corpus callosum characterized by progressive intellectual deterioration, emotional disturbances, confusion, hallucinations, tremor, rigidity, and convulsions. It is a very rare disorder affecting chiefly middle-aged male alcoholics; also se...
Marchiafava-Micheli syndrome(mahr″ke-ah-fah´vah me-ka´le) paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria.
Marcus Gunn phenomenonMarcus Gunn syndrome (mahr´kәs gun) Gunn syndrome.
Marcus Gunn pupillary phenomenonMarcus Gunn pupillary sign with unilateral optic nerve or retinal disease, a difference between the pupillary reflexes of the two eyes when a light is shone alternately into each one with the other eye covered; on the affected side there is abnormally slight contraction or even dilation of the pupil. See also swinging flas...
Marek disease virusa group of serologically related viruses in the family Herpesviridae, comprising three serotypes: type 1, which contains all pathogenic strains; type 2, which contains nonpathogenic strains infecting chickens; and type 3, which contains nonpathogenic strains infecting turkeys.
Marfan syndrome(mahr-fah´) a hereditary disorder of connective tissue characterized by abnormal length of the extremities, especially of the fingers and toes, subluxation of the lens, congenital anomalies of the heart, and other deformities.
margarine diseasename given to an outbreak of erythema multiforme in Germany and The Netherlands that was due to an emulsifier in margarine.
margaroid tumora cholesteatoma.
margin(mahr´jin) an edge or border. costal margin costal arch. gingival margin , gum margin the border of the gingiva surrounding, but unattached to, the substance of the teeth. m...
marginal artery of colona continuous vessel running along the inner perimeter of the large intestine from the ileocolic junction to the rectum, formed by branches from the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries and giving rise to straight arteries that supply the intestinal wall.
marginal corneal ulcerMooren ulcer.
marginal gyrusthe middle frontal gyrus.
marginal periodontitisa chronic destructive inflammatory periodontal disease that begins as a simple marginal gingivitis and may migrate along the tooth toward the apex, producing periodontal pockets, usually with pus formation, and destruction of the periodontal and alveolar structures, causing the teeth to become loose. Called also simple pe...
marginal sinusesmarginal lakes.
marginal ulcerstomal ulcer.
marginal zoneborder zone.
marginal zone lymphomaa group of related B-cell neoplasms that involve the lymphoid tissues in the marginal zone, the patchy area outside the follicular mantle zone.
margination(mahr″jĭ-na´shәn) accumulation and adhesion of leukocytes to the epithelial cells of blood vessel walls at the site of injury in the early stages of inflammation.
margo(mahr´go) Latin word meaning margin; a term used in anatomy.
Marie disease(mah-re´) acromegaly.
Marie signtremor of the body or extremities in Graves disease and other types of hyperthyroidism.
Marie-Bamberger disease(mah-re´ bahm´bәr-gәr) hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy.
Marie-Bamberger syndrome(mah-re´ bahm´bәr-gәr) hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy.
Marie-Foix signwithdrawal of lower leg on transverse pressure of tarsus or forced flexion of toes even though the lower limb as a whole is incapable of voluntary movement.
Marie-Strümpell disease(mah-re´ strim´pel) ankylosing spondylitis.
Marie-Strümpell spondylitisankylosing spondylitis.
Marie-Tooth disease(mah-re´ tldbomacth´) progressive neuromuscular atrophy.
marihuana(mar″ĭ-hwah´nә) marijuana.
marijuana(mar″ĭ-hwah´nә) a preparation of the leaves and flowering tops of Cannabis sativa, the hemp plant, which contains a number of pharmacologically active principles called cannabinoids. Hashish, also derived from the hemp plant, is obtained from the clear resin secreted by the flowering tops of the plant and is ...
marine dermatitiscercarial dermatitis after swimming in salt water.
Marinesco-Radovici reflexpalm-chin reflex.
Marinesco-Sjögren syndrome(mah-re-nes´ko shur´gren) a hereditary syndrome transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait, consisting of cerebellar ataxia, mental and somatic growth retardation, congenital cataracts, inability to chew, thin brittle fingernails, and sparse, incompletely keratinized hair.
Marion disease(mah-re-aw´) congenital obstruction of the posterior urethra due to muscular hypertrophy and stenosis of the bladder neck or absence of the plexiform dilator fibers in the urinary tract.
marital therapya type of family therapy aimed at understanding and treating one or both members of a couple in the context of a distressed relationship, but not necessarily addressing the discordant relationship itself. In the past, the term has also been used in a narrower sense to mean what is defined as marriage therapy, but that is ...
Marjolin ulceran ulcer located over an old scar; it may degenerate into squamous cell carcinoma with a propensity for metastasis.
mark(mahrk) a spot, blemish, or other circumscribed area visible on the skin or a mucous membrane. birth mark see birthmark. strawberry mark strawberry hemangioma. cavernous hemangioma. vascular nevus. stretch ma...
marker(mahrk´әr) something that identifies or that is used to identify; see also determinant. cell-surface marker an antigenic determinant found on the surface of a specific type of cell. genetic marker a segment of DNA with a known chromosomal location and...
Marlow test(for heterophoria) one eye is occluded by a bandage for some time; after the bandage is removed, measurements for heterophoria are made.
Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome(mah-ro-to´ lah-me´) a mucopolysaccharidosis caused by deficiency of N-acetylgalactosamine-4-sulfatase (arylsulfatase B), and characterized biochemically by the predominance of dermatan sulfate in the urine and the presence of coarse metachromatic granules in the leukocytes, and clinically by Hurler-like signs wit...
Marplan(mahr´plan) trademark for a preparation of isocarboxazid, an antidepressant.