Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`
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Dorland's Medical Dictionary
Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary
Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128
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marriage therapya subset of marital therapy that focuses specifically on the bond of marriage between two people, enhancing and preserving it.
marrow(mar´o) soft spongy material; called also medulla. The term is often restricted to mean bone marrow. bone marrow the soft, spongy material in the cavities of bones, consisting of a network of blood vessels and connective tissue fibers that hold together fat and blood-producing ce...
marrow cavitymedullary cavity the cavity that contains bone marrow in the diaphysis of a long bone; called also medullary canal.
marrow cellany of the immature blood cells that develop in the bone marrow, such as those involved in hematopoiesis. Called also myeloid cell.
Marseilles feverboutonneuse fever.
Marsh disease(mahrsh) Graves disease.
marsh fevermud fever (def. 1).
Marshall fold(mahr´shәl) vestigial f. of Marshall.
Marshall-Marchetti-Krantz operation(mahr´shәl mahr-ket´e krants´) suture of the anterior portion of the urethra, vesical neck, and bladder to the posterior surface of the pubic bone for correction of stress incontinence.
marsupialization(mahr-soo″pe-әl-ĭ-za´shәn) conversion of a closed cavity, such as an abscess or cyst, into an open pouch, by incising it and suturing the edges of its wall to the edges of the wound.
Martin-Bell syndrome(mahr´tin bel´) fragile X syndrome.
Martinotti cellsfusiform cells with ascending axon processes in the layers of the cerebral cortex, especially in the multiform layer and also in the internal pyramidal layer.
Martorell syndrome(mahr-to-rel´) Takayasu arteritis.
mAsmilliampere-second.
masculine(mas´ku-lin″) having qualities usually associated with the male sex.
masculinity(mas″ku-lin´ĭ-te) the possession of masculine qualities.
masculinization(mas″ku-lin-ĭ-za´shәn) the normal induction or development of male secondary sex characters in the male. the induction or development of male secondary sex characters in the female or prepubertal male. the condition of having such sex characters. Called also virilization.
masculinize(mas´ku-lĭ-nīz″) to produce normal secondary sex characters in a male. to produce male secondary sex characters in a female.
maser(ma´zәr) a device that produces an extremely intense, small and nearly nondivergent beam of monochromatic radiation in the microwave region, with all the waves in phase.
mask(mask) a covering for the face, as a bandage, an apparatus for administering anesthesia or oxygen, or a cloth that prevents droplets from the mouth and nose from spreading in the air. to cover or conceal, as the masking of the nature of a disorder by unassociated signs or organisms. in audiom...
masked virusone that ordinarily occurs in a noninfective state and is demonstrable by indirect methods that activate it. Called also latent virus.
masochism(mas´o-kiz-әm) the act or instance of gaining pleasure experiencing physical or psychological pain. The term is usually used to denote sexual m. adj., masochis´tic., adj. sexual masochism a paraphilia in which sexual gratification is derived from being hurt, humiliate...
masochist(mas´o-kist) a person exhibiting or characterized by masochism.
mason's lungpneumoconiosis (usually silicosis) in stone masons due to the inhalation of stone dusts.
mass(mas) a lump or collection of cohering particles. that characteristic of matter that gives it inertia. Symbol m. atomic mass atomic weight; see also atomic mass unit. inner cell mass embryoblast. lean body mass ...
mass absorption coefficientthe linear absorption coefficient divided by the density of the absorber.
mass concentrationthe mass of a constituent substance divided by the volume of the mixture, as milligrams per liter (mg/l).
mass number(A) the number of nucleons (protons and neutrons) in the atom of a nuclide; generally indicated by a superscript preceding the symbol of a chemical element (such as 131I), denoting a specific isotope.
mass radiographyexamination by x-rays of the general population or of large groups of the population.
mass reflexin severe injury of the spinal cord, stimulation below the level of the lesion produces flexion reflexes of the lower extremity, evacuation of the bowels and bladder, and sweating of the skin below the level of the lesion. Called also Riddoch mass reflex.
massa(mas´ә) [L.] mass (def. 1).
massage(mә-sahzh´) systematic therapeutic stroking or kneading of the body. cardiac massage intermittent compression of the heart by pressure applied either over the sternum (closed cardiac massage) or directly to the heart through an opening in the chest wall (open cardiac massag...
massage therapythe manipulation of the soft tissues of the body for the purpose of normalizing them, thereby enhancing health and healing. Massage therapy includes a number of methods, such as acupressure, classical Western massage, and shiatsu.
masseter muscleorigin,SUPERFICIAL PART—zygomatic process of maxilla and inferior border of zygomatic arch, DEEP PART—inferior border and medial surface of zygomatic arch; insertion,SUPERFICIAL PART—angle and ramus of mandible, DEEP PART—superior half of ramus and lateral surface of coronoid process of mandible; innervation, ...
masseteric arteryorigin, maxillary artery; branches, none; distribution, masseter muscle.
masseteric nerveorigin, mandibular division of trigeminal nerve; distribution, masseter muscle and temporomandibular joint; modality, motor and general sensory.
masseteric veinsveins from the masseter muscle that empty into the facial vein.
masseur(mah-soor´) a man who performs massage.
masseuse(mah-sooz´) a woman who performs massage.
massive hepatic necrosismassive, usually fatal, necrosis of the liver, a rare complication of viral hepatitis (fulminant hepatitis) that may also result from exposure to hepatotoxins or from drug hypersensitivity.
Masson bodiescellular tissue that fills the pulmonary alveoli and alveolar ducts in rheumatic pneumonia; they may be modified Aschoff bodies.
massotherapy(mas″o-ther´ә-pe) treatment of disease by massage.
MASTmilitary anti-shock trousers; see MAST suit.
mast cella connective tissue cell capable of elaborating basophilic, metachromatic cytoplasmic granules that contain histamine, heparin, hyaluronic acid, slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A), and, in some species, serotonin.
mast cell leukemiaa rare type marked by overwhelming numbers of tissue mast cells in the peripheral blood.
mast cell tumormastocytoma.
mastadenitis(mas″tad-ә-ni´tis) mastitis.
Mastadenovirus(mast-ad´ә-no-vi″rәs) the mammalian adenoviruses, a genus of viruses of the family Adenoviridae that infect mammals, causing disease of the gastrointestinal tract, conjunctiva, central nervous system, and urinary tract; many species cause cancer.
mastalgia(mas-tal´jә) pain in the breast; called also mammalgia and mastodynia.
mastatrophy(mas-tat´rә-fe) atrophy of the breast.
mastectomy(mas-tek´tә-me) surgical removal of breast tissue, usually for treatment of malignant breast tumors, although occasionally this may be advisable for benign tumors, other diseases of the breast such as fibrocystic disease of the breast, or prophylaxis. Types include simple, radical, modified radical, and extended r...
mastication(mas″tĭ-ka´shәn) the process of biting and grinding with the teeth; called also chewing.
masticatory(mas´tĭ-kә-tor″e) pertaining to mastication. a substance to be chewed, but not swallowed.
masticatory apparatusthe organs and structures involved in mastication, including the teeth and jaws and their supporting structures, temporomandibular joints, mandibular muscles, accessory facial muscles, tongue, lips, cheeks, and oral mucosa together with their innervation. Called also organs of mastication and masticatory system.
masticatory musclesa group of muscles responsible for the movement of the jaws during mastication, including the masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid, and lateral pterygoid muscles.
masticatory paralysisparalysis of the muscles of mastication; see also trismus and trigeminal paralysis.
masticatory surfaceocclusal surface.
masticatory systemmasticatory apparatus.
mastigont systeman ultrastructural complex characteristic of mastigophorans, comprising all of the organelles associated with the flagella, including basal bodies, axostyle, and Golgi body; it may or may not be associated with a nucleus.
Mastigophora(mas″tĭ-gof´ә-rә) a subphylum of protozoa, including all those that have one or more flagella throughout most of their life cycle, and a simple, centrally located nucleus; many are parasitic in both invertebrates and vertebrates, including humans.
mastigophoran(mas″tĭ-gof´ә-rәn) any member of the subphylum Mastigophora; called also mastigote.
mastigote(mas´tĭ-gōt) mastigophoran.
mastitis(mas-ti´tis) inflammation of the breast, usually from an infection.
masto-occipital(mas″to-ok-sip´ĭ-tәl) pertaining to the mastoid process and occipital bone.
mastocyte(mas´to-sīt″) mast cell.
mastocytoma(mas″to-si-to´mә) a benign, local aggregation of mast cells forming a nodular tumor.
mastocytosis(mas″to-si-to´sis) an accumulation, local or systemic, of mast cells in the tissues; known as urticaria pigmentosa when widespread in the skin. diffuse mastocytosis , diffuse cutaneous mastocytosis a condition in which the entire skin is thickened, lichenified, and ...
mastocytosis syndromean episodic syndrome occurring in certain patients with systemic mastocytosis, usually those with skin lesions, bone lesions, and hepatosplenomegaly, presumably associated with histamine release from degranulation of mast cells, and characterized mainly by intense pruritus, flushing, headache, tachycardia, hypotension, an...
mastodynia(mas″to-din´e-ә) mastalgia.
mastography(mas-tog´rah-fe) mammography.
mastoid(mas´toid) breast shaped. mastoid process. pertaining to the mastoid process.
mastoid antruman air space in the mastoid portion of the temporal bone communicating with the middle ear and the mastoid cells.
mastoid bonemastoid part of temporal bone.
mastoid cellsmastoid air cells air cells of various sizes and shapes in the mastoid process of the temporal bone.
mastoid emissary veina small vein passing through the mastoid foramen of the skull and connecting the sigmoid sinus with the occipital or the posterior auricular vein.
mastoid fontanelleeither of two small fontanelles, one behind each ear between the parietal and temporal bones. Called also posterolateral fontanelle.
mastoid foramenan opening in the temporal bone behind the mastoid process.
mastoid fossaa small triangular area between the posterior wall of the external acoustic meatus and the posterior root of the zygomatic process of the temporal bone.
mastoid part of temporal bonethe posterior portion of the petrous (or petromastoid) part of the temporal bone. Called also mastoid bone.
mastoid processa conical projection at the base of the mastoid portion of the temporal bone.
mastoidalgia(mas″toid-al´jә) pain in the mastoid region.
mastoidectomy(mas″toid-ek´tә-me) surgical removal of mastoid cells; the most frequent indication for this is chronic infection in the mastoid process as a complication of chronic otitis media. The extent of surgery depends on extent of destruction. A radical mastoidectomy involves removal of diseased portions of the mast...
mastoideocentesis(mas-toi″de-o-sen-te´sis) surgical puncture of the mastoid antrum.
mastoiditis(mas″toid-i´tis) inflammation of the mastoid antrum and mastoid cells, usually the result of an infection of the middle ear, with which the mastoid cells communicate. It most often follows sore throat and respiratory infection but can also be caused by diseases such as diphtheria, measles, and scarlet fever. Sympt...
mastoidotomy(mas″toi-dot´ә-me) incision of the mastoid process.
mastoparietal(mas″to-pә-ri´ә-tәl) pertaining to the mastoid process and parietal bone.
mastopathy(mas-top´ә-the) any disease of the mammary gland.
mastopexy(mas´to-pek″se) surgical fixation of a pendulous breast.
mastoplasia(mas″to-pla´zhә) mammoplasia.
mastoplasty(mas´to-plas″te) mammaplasty.
mastoptosis(mas″top-to´sis) (mas″to-to´sis) a pendulous condition of the breast.
mastorrhagia(mas″to-ra´jә) hemorrhage from the mammary gland.
mastosquamous(mas-to-skwah´mәs) pertaining to the mastoid and squama of the temporal bone.
mastotomy(mas-tot´ә-me) incision of a mammary gland.
masturbation(mas″tәr-ba´shәn) self-stimulation of the genitals for sexual pleasure.
Matas test(for collateral circulation) after hyperemia of the limb has been induced with a tourniquet, the tourniquet is removed and the extent of collateral circulation is determined by compressing the main artery. Called also tourniquet test.
matching(mach´ing) comparison and selection of objects having similar or identical characteristics. the selection of compatible donors and recipients for transfusion or transplantation. See also typing. the selection of subjects for clinical trials or other studies so that the different groups being compar...
materia medica(mah-tēr´e-ah med´ĭ-kah) pharmacology.
maternal(mә-tur´nәl) pertaining to the female parent.
maternal death ratematernal mortality rate the number of deaths of mothers from conditions related to childbirth in one year, often as compared to the number of live births in that year, although to make a true rate it should be as compared to the total number of pregnancies in the year (live births plus fetal deaths).