Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

ketoprofen
(ke″to-pro´fәn) a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug used in the treatment of various rheumatic and nonrheumatic inflammatory disorders, pain, dysmenorrhea, and vascular headaches; administered orally or rectally.

ketorolac
(ke″to-ro´lak) a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug available as the tromethamine salt; used systemically for short-term management of pain; also applied topically to the conjunctiva in the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis and of ocular inflammation following cataract surgery.

ketose
(ke´tōs) one of the two main types of monosaccharide sugars; those that contain a ketone group, such as fructose.

ketosis
(ke-to´sis) accumulation in the blood and tissues of large quantities of the ketone bodies: β-hydroxybutyric acid, acetoacetic acid, and acetone; it is most commonly seen in diabetes mellitus and acute starvation. Because two of the ketone bodies are acids, the accumulation results in metabolic acidosis, and the conditio...

ketosteroid
(ke″to-ster´oid) a steroid having ketone groups on functional carbon atoms. 17-ketosteroids steroids found in normal urine and in excess in certain tumors, which have a ketone group on the 17th carbon atom, and include certain androgenic and adrenocortical hormones.

Ketostix
(ke´to-stiks) trademark for a reagent strip for detection of ketone bodies in the urine.

ketotifen
(ke″to-ti´fen) a noncompetitive H1-receptor antagonist and mast cell stabilizer; used as the fumarate salt, administered orally in the chronic treatment of children with mild atopic asthma and topically to the conjunctiva as an antipruritic in the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis.

keV
kiloelectron volt.

Kew Gardens spotted fever
rickettsialpox.

kg
kilogram.

kHz
kilohertz.

Kibrick test
gelatin agglutination test.

KID syndrome
keratitis-ichthyosis-deafness syndrome.

kidney
(kid´ne) either of the two bean-shaped organs in the lumbar region that filter the blood, excreting the end-products of body metabolism in the form of urine, and regulating the concentrations of hydrogen, sodium, potassium, phosphate, and other ions in the extracellular fluid. This small organ contains over a million mi...

kidney failure
renal failure.

kidney function test
a test of kidney function, such as of renal clearance or of the glomerular filtration rate; see also specific tests, including Fishberg concentration test, radioisotope renal excretion test, Rehberg test, and D-xylose absorption test. Called also renal function test.

kidney stone
a calculus in the kidney, composed of crystals precipitated from the urine on a matrix of organic matter. It may lead to inflammation or infection that causes intense pain (see renal colic). Most kidney stones are composed of calcium salts, which precipitate out of their normally soluble form in urine, usually because the...

Kienböck disease
(kēn´berk) slowly progressive osteochondrosis of the lunate bone; it may affect other wrist bones. traumatic cavitation of the spinal cord.

Kienböck phenomenon
paradoxical diaphragm phenomenon.

Kienböck unit
a unit of x-ray exposure equal to 0.1 erythema dose; symbol X.

Kiesselbach area
an area on the anterior part of the nasal septum, richly supplied with capillaries, and a common site of epistaxis (nosebleed).

Kikuchi disease
(ke-koo´che) Kikuchi lymphadenitisKikuchi-Fujimoto disease (ke-koo´che foo-je-mo´to) a benign, self-limited syndrome of lymphadenopathy, usually in the neck, with a female predominance; characteristics include patchy necrotizing lesions of the paracortex and proliferation of distinctive histiocytes, plas...

killer cells
K cells (def. 1). cytotoxic T lymphocytes.

killer T cells
cytotoxic T lymphocytes.

Killian operation
excision of the anterior wall of the frontal sinus, removal of the diseased tissue, and formation of a permanent communication with the nose.

Killian-Freer operation
submucous resection of the nasal septum, including the septal cartilage, vomer, and perpendicular plate of the ethmoid.

kilocalorie
(kil´o-kal″ә-re) a unit of heat equal to 1000 calories; symbol kcal.

kilogram
(kg) (kil´o-gram) the basic SI unit of mass, being 1000 grams, or one cubic decimeter of water; equivalent to 2.205 pounds avoirdupois.

Kiloh-Nevin syndrome
(ki´lo nev´in) ocular myopathy in patients with ptosis and progressive external ophthalmoplegia. anterior interosseous syndrome.

kilohertz
(kHz) (kil´o-hәrtz) one thousand (103) hertz.

kilometer
(km) (kĭ-lom´ә-tәr) (kil´o-me″tәr) a unit of linear measurement of the metric system, being 1000 (103) meters, or the equivalent of 3280.83 feet, or about five-eighths of a mile.

kilovolt
(kV) (kil´o-vōlt) one thousand (103) volts. kilovolts peak(kVp) the highest kilovoltage used in producing a radiograph.

Kimmelstiel-Wilson lesion
(kim´әl-stēl wil´sәn) a microscopic, spherical, hyaline mass surrounded by capillaries, found in the kidney glomerulus in the nodular form of intercapillary glomerulosclerosis.

Kimmelstiel-Wilson syndrome
(kim´әl-stēl wil´sәn) intercapillary glomerulosclerosis with nodular lesions.

Kimura disease
(ke-moo´rah) a nodular skin disease considered by some authorities to be identical to angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia, but differentiated by others because of differences in the nature of the proliferating vascular cells.

kinanesthesia
(kin″an-es-the´zhә) loss of the power of perceiving sensations of movement.

kinase
(ki´nās) a subclass of the transferases, comprising the enzymes that catalyze the transfer of a high-energy group from a donor (usually ATP) to an acceptor, and named, according to the acceptor, as creatine kinase, fructokinase, etc. an enzyme that activates a zymogen, named, according to its source, ...

Kindler syndrome
(kind´lәr) a rare type of genodermatosis of variable inheritance, characterized by acrokeratosis with blistering, photosensitivity, and poikiloderma.

kinematics
(kin″ә-mat´iks) that phase of mechanics which deals with the possible motions of a material body.

kineplastic amputation
kineplasty.

kineplasty
(kin´ә-plas″te) amputation in which the stump is so formed as to be usable for producing motion of a prosthesis; see discussion at prosthesis. Called also cineplastic or kineplastic amputation.

kinesalgia
(kin″ә-sal´jә) pain on muscular exertion.

kinescope
(kin´ә-skōp) an instrument for ascertaining ocular refraction.

kinesia
(kĭ-ne´zhә) motion sickness.

kinesiatrics
(ki-ne″se-at´riks) kinesitherapy.

kinesics
(ki-ne´siks) the scientific study of the role of body movements, such as facial expressions, gestures, and eye movements, in interpersonal communication.

kinesimeter
(kin″ә-sim´ә-tәr) an instrument for quantitative measurement of motions.

kinesiology
(kĭ-ne″se-ol´ә-je) the scientific study of movement of the human body or its parts. See also biomechanics.

kinesis
(kĭ-) (ki-ne´sis) movement, such as the activity of an organism in response to a stimulus; the direction of the response is not controlled by the direction of the stimulus (in contrast to a taxis).

kinesitherapy
(kĭ-ne″sĭ-ther´ә-pe) treatment of disease by movements or exercise.

kinesthesia
(kin″es-the´zhә) kinesthesis (kin″әs-the´sis) the sense by which position, weight, and movement are perceived. adj., kinesthet´ic., adj.

kinesthesiometer
(kin″әs-the″ze-om´ә-tәr) an apparatus for testing kinesthesia.

kinesthetic hallucination
a hallucination involving the sense of bodily movement.

kinesthetic sense
muscle sense.

kinetic
(kĭ-net´ik) pertaining to or producing motion.

kinetic ataxia
motor ataxia.

kinetics
(kĭ-net´iks) the scientific study of the turnover, or rate of change, of a specific factor in the body, commonly expressed as units of amount per unit time. chemical kinetics the scientific study of the rates and mechanisms of chemical reactions. urea kinetics&nb...

kinetocardiogram
(kĭ-ne″to-kahr´de-o-gram″) the record produced by kinetocardiography.

kinetocardiography
(kĭ-ne″to-kahr″de-og´rә-fe) the graphic recording of the slow vibrations of the anterior chest wall in the region of the heart, representing the absolute motion at a given point on the chest.

kinetochore
(kĭ-ne´to-kor) a structure embedded in the surface of the centromere to which the spindle fibers are attached.

kinetogenic
(kĭ-ne″to-jen´ik) causing or producing movement.

kinetoplast
(kĭ-ne´to-plast) an accessory body found in many protozoa, primarily the Mastigophora; it contains DNA and replicates independently.

kinetosis
(kin″ә-to´sis) any disorder due to unaccustomed motion; see also motion sickness.

kinetotherapy
(kĭ-ne″to-ther´ә-pe) kinesitherapy.

King operation
(king) arytenoidopexy.

King syndrome
(king) a form of malignant hyperthermia in which patients also exhibit characteristic physical abnormalities including short stature, characteristic facies, kyphoscoliosis, pectus carinatum, cryptorchidism, delayed motor development, progressive myopathy, and cardiovascular structural defects.

King-Devick test
(king dev´ik) a tool for evaluation of saccade, consisting of a series of charts of numbers; the charts become progressively more difficult to read in a flowing manner because of increasing space between the numbers. Both errors in reading and speed of reading are included in deriving a score.

kingdom
(king´dәm) in the traditional classification of living organisms, the highest of the categories; the most widely used classification system lists five kingdoms: Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae (the plants), and Animalia (the animals). An alternative classification divides all organisms at the highest level into t...

kinin
(ki´nin) the generic term for any of the polypeptides related in amino acid sequence and physiological activity to bradykinin and kallidin, formed by cleavage of kininogens. Kinins are plasma proteins that increase the permeability of blood vessels, and are active in inflammation by interacting with prostaglandins to cause pa...

kinin system
the system of proteins involved in the production and destruction of kinins such as bradykinin and kallidin. Kinins are cleaved from precursor substances called kininogens by kallikreins and are rapidly destroyed by kininases. Plasma kallikrein circulates as a proenzyme called prekallikrein and is converted to active form by factor X...

kininogen
(ki-nin´o-jen″) either of two plasma α2-globulins that are kinin precursors. High-molecular-weight (HMW) kininogen (also called Fitzgerald factor) is split by plasma kallikrein to produce bradykinin; low-molecular-weight (LMW) kininogen is split by tissue kallikrein to produce kallidin. Deficiency of HMW kallikrein...

kinky hair syndrome
Menkes syndrome.

Kinnier Wilson disease
(kin´e-әr wil´sәn) Wilson disease.

kinocilium
(ki″no-sil´e-әm) pl. kinocil´ia a motile, protoplasmic filament on the free surface of a cell. Kinocilia and stereocilia on hair cells of the macula utriculi.

Kinsbourne syndrome
(kinz´burn) myoclonic encephalopathy of childhood.

kissing disease
popular term for infectious mononucleosis.

kissing spines
a condition in which the spinous processes of adjacent vertebrae are in contact; called also Baastrup disease or syndrome. Kissing spines.

kissing ulcers
gastric ulcers on directly opposing surfaces of the stomach, as on opposite sides of the lesser curvature.

Klebsiella
(kleb″se-el´ә) a genus of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic rod-shaped bacteria that are widely distributed in nature and commonly found in the intestinal tract. They are a frequent cause of nosocomial urinary and pulmonary infections and wound infections. Species include K. pneumo´niae (also call...

Klebsiella
pneumonia an acute type of bacterial pneumonia characterized by massive mucuslike inflammatory exudates in a lobe of the lung, due to Klebsiella pneumoniae. Called also Friedländer pneumonia.

kleeblattschädel
(kla″blaht-sha´dәl) German word meaning cloverleaf skull; it is a deformity of the skull that is present at birth, caused by synostosis of some or all of the cranial sutures while the fetus is developing.

kleeblattschädel syndrome
a congenital disorder, characterized by synostosis of multiple or all cranial sutures, hydrocephalus, and in some cases facial dysostosis and long bone anomalies.

Kleihauer test
Kleihauer-Betke test acid elution test.

Klein-Waardenburg syndrome
(klīn´ vahr´dәn-bәrg) Waardenburg syndrome type 3.

Kleine-Levin syndrome
(kli´nә lev´in) episodic periods of excessive sleep and overeating lasting for several weeks, usually in adolescent boys.

Kleist sign
the fingers of the patient when gently elevated by the fingers of the examiner will hook into the examiner's fingers; indicative of frontal and thalamic lesions.

Klemm sign
in the radiograph in chronic appendicitis, there is often an indication of tympanites in the right lower quadrant.

kleptomania
(klep″to-ma´ne-ә) an impulse control disorder consisting of an abnormal, uncontrollable desire to steal.

kleptomaniac
(klep″to-ma´ne-ak) a person exhibiting kleptomania.

Klinefelter syndrome
(klīn´fel-tәr) a condition in males characterized by small testes, with fibrosis and hyalinization of seminiferous tubules, impairment of function and clumping of Leydig cells, and an increase in urinary gonadotropins. It is associated with an abnormality of the sex chromosomes, typically an XXY chromosome co...

Klippel-Feil syndrome
(klĭ-pel´ fīl´) shortness of the neck due to reduction in the number of cervical vertebrae or the fusion of multiple hemivertebrae into one osseous mass, with limitation of neck motion and low hairline.

Klippel-Trénaunay syndrome
(klĭ-pel´ tra-no-na´) Klippel-Trénaunay-Weber syndrome (klĭ-pel´ tra-no-na´ va´ber) a rare condition usually affecting one extremity, characterized by hypertrophy of the bone and related soft tissues, large cutaneous hemangiomas, persistent nevus flammeus (see port-wine stain), and skin varices...

Klippel-Weil sign
flexion and adduction of the thumb when the patient's flexed fingers are quickly extended by the examiner; indicative of pyramidal tract disease.

Klonopin
(klon´o-pin) trademark for a preparation of clonazepam, an anticonvulsant and antipanic agent.

Klumpke paralysis
Klumpke-Dejerine paralysisKlumpke-Dejerine syndrome (kloomp´kә dĕ-zhĕ-rēn´) atrophic paralysis of the lower arm and hand, due to lesion of the eighth cervical and first dorsal thoracic nerves.

Kluyvera
(kli´vәr-ә) a genus of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that are occasional opportunistic pathogens and cause respiratory and urinary infections.

Klüver-Bucy syndrome
(kle´vәr bu´se) bizarre behavior disturbances seen in monkeys following experimental bilateral temporal lobectomy which destroys important limbic structures; reported in humans after large injuries, usually from trauma, affecting the undersurface of the anterior temporal lobes. It is characterized by a tende...

km
kilometer.

Knapp operation
treatment of cataract by the formation of a peripheral opening in the capsule behind the iris, without iridectomy.

knee
(ne) the area around the knee joint, a hinge joint that is one of the largest joints of the body and sustains great pressure. The knee includes the upper portion of the tibia, the lower end of the femur, and the patella, or kneecap. The bones are joined by ligaments, and the patella is secured to the adjacent bones by powerfu...