Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

isolation precautions
precautionary measures, practices, and procedures used in the care of patients with infectious disease, following specific guidelines; the type of infectious disease a patient has dictates the kind of isolation precautions necessary to prevent spread of the disease to others.

isolecithal
(i″so-les´ĭ-thәl) having small amounts of yolk evenly distributed throughout the cytoplasm, as in the eggs of mammals.

isoleucine
(i″so-loo´sēn) a naturally occurring essential amino acid produced by hydrolysis of fibrin and other proteins; it is necessary for optimal infant growth and for nitrogen equilibrium in adults.

isologous
(i-sol´ә-gәs) syngeneic.

isolysin
(i-sol´ә-sin) a lysin acting on cells of animals of the same species as that from which it is derived.

isolysis
(i-sol´ә-sis) lysis of cells by isolysins. adj., isolyt´ic., adj.

isomaltase
(i″so-mawl´tās) α-dextrinase, limit dextrinase; an enzyme catalyzing a step completing the digestion of starch or glycogen to glucose. It occurs in the brush border of the intestinal mucosa, as a complex with sucrase. See also sucrase-isomaltase deficiency.

isomer
(i´so-mәr) any compound exhibiting, or capable of exhibiting, isomerism. adj., isomer´ic., adj.

isomerase
(i-som´әr-ās) a major class of enzymes comprising those that catalyze the process of isomerization, such as the interconversion of aldoses and ketoses.

isomerism
(i-som´ә-riz-әm) the possession by two or more distinct compounds of the same molecular formula, each molecule having the same number of atoms of each element, but in different arrangement. chain isomerism a type of constitutional isomerism in which the compounds differ ...

isomerization
(i-som″әr-ĭ-za´shәn) the process whereby any isomer is converted into another isomer, usually requiring special conditions of temperature, pressure, or catalysts.

isometheptene mucate
(i″so-mә-thep´tēn mu´kāt) a vasoconstrictor that acts on dilated carotid and cerebral vessels, used in combination with dichloralphenazone and acetaminophen in treatment of migraine and tension headache.

isometric
(i″so-met´rik) maintaining, or pertaining to, the same length; of equal dimensions.

isometric contraction
muscle contraction without appreciable shortening or change in distance between its origin and insertion. Isotonic (A) and isometric (B) contraction.

isometric exercise
exercise performed against stable resistance, without change in the length of the muscle. Called also muscle-setting or static exercise.

isometropia
(i″so-mә-tro´pe-ә) equality in refraction of the two eyes.

isoniazid
(i″so-ni´ә-zid) an antibacterial compound used in treatment of tuberculosis.

isophane insulin human suspension
an intermediate-acting insulin consisting of insulin human reacted with zinc chloride and protamine sulfate such that the solid phase of the suspension consists of crystals composed of insulin, protamine, and zinc. Administered subcutaneously.

isophane insulin suspension
an intermediate-acting insulin made from bovine or porcine insulin, having a time of onset about 2 hours after injection and duration of action of 24 hours; administered subcutaneously. Called also NPH insulin.

isophoria
(i″so-for´e-ә) correspondence of the visual axes of the two eyes; equality in the tension of the vertical muscles of the two eyes.

isoprecipitin
(i″so-pre-sip´ĭ-tin) an isoantibody that forms a precipitate when in the presence of antigens of animals of the same species.

isoprene
(i´so-prēn) an unsaturated, branched-chain, five-carbon hydrocarbon that is the molecular unit of isoprenoid compounds.

isoprenoid
(i″so-pre´noid) any compound biosynthesized from or containing isoprene units, including terpenes, carotenoids, fat-soluble vitamins, ubiquinone, rubber, and some steroids.

isopropamide
(i″so-pro´pah-mīd) an anticholinergic and antimuscarinic used in the form of the iodide to suppress gastric secretion and motility in the management of peptic ulcer and other intestinal ailments.

isopropanol
(i″so-pro´pә-nol) isopropyl alcohol.

isopropanol precipitation test
(for unstable hemoglobins) a drop of blood is mixed with the nonpolar solvent isopropanol; most unstable hemoglobins precipitate more readily than other hemoglobins. Addition of potassium cyanide reduces false-positive results.

isopropyl alcohol
a transparent, volatile colorless liquid used as a solvent and disinfectant and applied topically as an antiseptic; called also isopropanol. Diluted with water to approximately 70 per cent strength, it is called isopropyl rubbing alcohol and is used as a rubbing compound.

isoproterenol
(i″so-pro-ter´ә-nol) a synthetic adrenergic, used in the form of the hydrochloride and sulfate salts as a bronchodilator, and in the form of the hydrochloride salt as a cardiac stimulant.

isopter
(i-sop´tәr) a curve representing areas of equal visual acuity in the field of vision.

Isoptin
(īs-op´tin) trademark for a preparation of verapamil, a coronary vasodilator.

Isopto-Carpine
(i-sop″to-kahr´pēn) trademark for a preparation of pilocarpine hydrochloride, a miotic agent.

Isordil
(i´sor-dil) trademark for preparations of isosorbide dinitrate, a coronary vasodilator.

isosensitization
(i″so-sen″sĭ-tĭ-za´shәn) allosensitization.

isosexual
(i″so-sek´shoo-әl) pertaining to the same sex; having secondary sex characters appropriate to one's sex.

isosmotic
(i″soz-mot´ik) having the same osmotic pressure.

isosorbide
(i″so-sor´bīd) an osmotic diuretic used to reduce intraocular pressure; its dinitrate and mononitrate esters are as coronary vasodilators in treatment of coronary insufficiency and angina pectoris.

Isospora
(i-sos´pә-rә) a genus of sporozoan parasites (order Coccidia), found in birds, amphibians, reptiles, and various mammals, including humans; I. bel´li is the etiologic agent of coccidiosis in humans. The former species I. ho´minis has been reclassified as two species, Sarcocystis bovihominis and S. suihominis...

isospore
(i´so-spor) a group of cells that conjugate or fuse with similar cells to reproduce a spore. an asexual spore produced by spores that reproduce asexually.

isosthenuria
(i″sos-thә-nu´re-ә) excretion of urine that has not been concentrated by the kidneys and has the same osmolality as that of plasma.

isotone
(i´so-tōn″) one of several nuclides having the same number of neutrons, but differing in number of protons in their nuclei.

isotonia
(i″so-to´ne-ә) a condition of equal tone, tension, or activity. equality of osmotic pressure between two elements of a solution or between two different solutions.

isotonic
(i″so-ton´ik) of equal tension. denoting a solution in which body cells can be bathed without net flow of water across the semipermeable cell membrane; also, denoting a solution having the same tonicity as another solution with which it is compared. See also osmosis. maintaining uniform...

isotonic contraction
muscle contraction without appreciable change in the force of contraction; the distance between the origin and insertion becomes lessened. See illustration at isometric contraction.

isotonic exercise
active exercise without appreciable change in the force of muscular contraction, with shortening of the muscle.

isotonic solution
one having an osmotic pressure the same as that of a standard of reference. See also osmosis.

isotope
(i´so-tōp″) a chemical element having the same atomic number as another (i.e., the same number of nuclear protons), but having a different atomic mass (i.e., a different number of nuclear neutrons). radioactive isotope radioisotope. stable isotope ...

isotransplantation
(i″so-trans″plan-ta´shәn) syngeneic transplantation.

isotretinoin
(i″so-tret´ĭ-no-in) (-noin) a synthetic form of retinoic acid (13-cis-retinoic acid), used orally to clear cystic and conglobate acne.

isotropic
(i″so-tro´pik) having the same value of a property, such as refractive index, in all directions, as in a cubic crystal or a piece of glass. being singly refractive.

isotropy
(i-sot´ro-pe) the quality or condition of being isotropic.

isotypical
(i″so-tip´ĭ-kәl) of the same kind.

isoxsuprine
(i-sok´su-prēn) a beta-adrenergic used as a vasodilator in peripheral vascular disease and cerebrovascular insufficiency.

isozyme
(i´so-zīm) any of several forms of an enzyme that all catalyze the same reaction but may differ in reaction rate, inhibition by various substances, electrophoretic mobility, or immunologic properties. Several enzymes, particularly alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatine kinase, have clinical...

isradipine
(is-rad´ĭ-pēn) a calcium channel blocking agent used alone or with a thiazide diuretic for the treatment of hypertension.

Israeli spotted fever
boutonneuse fever.

issue
(ish´oo) a discharge of pus, blood, or other matter; a suppurating lesion emitting such a discharge.

isthmectomy
(is-mek´tә-me) surgical excision of an isthmus, especially of the isthmus of the thyroid.

isthmoparalysis
(is″mo-pә-ral´ә-sis) isthmoplegia.

isthmoplegia
(is″mo-ple´jә) paralysis of the isthmus of the fauces.

isthmus
(is´mәs) a narrow connection between two larger bodies or parts. adj., isth´mian., adj.

isthmus faucium
(is´mәs faw´seәm) isthmus of fauces.

isthmus of auditory tube
isthmus of eustachian tube the narrowest part of the eustachian tube at the junction of its bony and cartilaginous parts.

isthmus of fauces
the constricted aperture between the cavity of the mouth and the pharynx.

isthmus of rhombencephalon
the narrow segment of the fetal brain, forming the plane of separation between the rhombencephalon and cerebrum.

isthmus of thyroid gland
thyroid isthmus.

isthmus of uterine tube
the narrower, thicker-walled portion of the fallopian (uterine) tube closest to the uterus.

isthmus of uterus
the constricted part of the uterus between the cervix and the body of the uterus.

Isuprel
(i´su-prәl) trademark for preparations of isoproterenol, a sympathomimetic bronchodilator and cardiac stimulant.

itai-itai disease
a type of cadmium poisoning seen in Japan, characterized by osteomalacia, osteoporosis, and tubulopathy.

Italian operation
tagliacotian rhinoplasty.

itch
(ich) a skin condition accompanied by the desire to scratch an area of skin to relieve discomfort; see also pruritus.

itching
(ich´ing) pruritus.

Ito cell
hepatic stellate cell.

ITP
idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.

itraconazole
(it″rә-kon´ә-zōl) a triazoleantifungal agent, used in a variety of infections; administered orally.

IU
immunizing unit; International unit.

IUD
intrauterine device.

IUGR
intrauterine growth retardation (or restriction).

IV
intravenous.

IV block
Bier block.

Ivemark syndrome
(e´vә-mahrk) congenital splenic agenesis, cardiac defects, and partial situs inversus viscerum; called also asplenia syndrome and Polhemus-Schafer-Ivemark syndrome.

IVIC syndrome
a rare autosomal dominant syndrome of internal ophthalmoplegia, hearing impairment, and radial ray defects varying from a long slender thumb to deformity of an entire upper limb, first observed in Venezuela and later in Italy. Called also oculo-oto-radial syndrome.

ivory bones
osteopetrosis.

ivorylike tumor
osteoma durum.

Ivy test
(i´ve) a bleeding time test in which incisions are made on the forearm, a sphygmomanometer is inflated to a standard of 40 mm around the upper arm, and the time until bleeding stops is recorded.

Ixodes
(ik-so´dēz) a common genus of parasitic ticks (family Ixodidae); some species are vectors for diseases such as Lyme disease and tick-borne encephalitis.

ixodiasis
(ik″so-di´ә-sis) any disease or lesion due to tick bites; infestation with ticks.

Ixodidae
(ik-sod´ĭ-de) a family of ticks (superfamily Ixodoidea); the hard ticks.

Ixodides
(ik-sod´ĭ-dēz) the ticks, a suborder of Acarina, including the superfamily Ixodoidea.

Ixodoidea
(ik″so-doi´de-ә) a superfamily of arthropods (suborder Ixodides), comprising both the hard and soft ticks.

Jaccoud syndrome
(zhah-koo´) chronic arthritis occurring after rheumatic fever, usually after repeated attacks, and characterized by fibrous changes in the joint capsules and tendons, leading to deformities that may resemble rheumatoid arthritis (especially ulnar deviation of fingers); the joints may be painful and rheumatic nodul...

jacket
(jak´әt) an encasement or covering for the trunk, especially the thorax. plaster-of-Paris jacket a casing of plaster of paris enveloping the body, for the purpose of giving support or correcting deformities; see also cast. Sayre jacket a plaster-of-Pa...

jackknife position
a position used for anorectal surgery; the patient lies prone with the buttocks raised. Called also Kraske position.

jackknife seizures
infantile spasms.

jackknife spasms
infantile spasms.

Jackson syndrome
(jak´sәn) paralysis of structures innervated by the tenth, eleventh, and twelfth cranial nerves, including the soft palate, larynx, half of the tongue, and the sternomastoid and trapezius muscles.

Jackson-Pratt drain
(jak´sәn prat´) a closed wound drainage system comprising a drainage tube and collection vessel.

jacksonian epilepsy
a form of epilepsy characterized by unilateral clonic movements that start in one group of muscles and spread systematically to nearby groups, reflecting the march of the epileptic activity through the motor cortex of the brain.

Jacob ulcer
rodent ulcer, especially one on an eyelid.

Jacod syndrome
(zhah-ko´) unilateral blindness and ophthalmoplegia with facial hemiplegia or trigeminal neuralgia as a result of damage to the second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth cranial nerves, often from a tumor or other lesion just behind the sphenoid bone. Called also Jacod triad, Negri-Jacod syndrome, and petrosphenoid ...