Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

integration
(in″tә-gra´shәn) coordination (def. 2). anabolism. assimilation (def. 2). the covalent insertion of one segment of DNA into another, such as the incorporation of viral or prophage DNA or a transposable element into genomic DNA. bilateral in...

integrator cell
interneuron.

integrin
(in-teg´rin) any of a family of cell adhesion molecules, consisting of two noncovalently linked polypeptide chains, designated α and β, that mediate cell-to-cell and cell-to–extracellular matrix interactions. β1 integrin any integrin containing a β1 chain; member...

integument
(in-teg´u-mәnt) the natural covering of the body; see skin.

integumentary
(in-teg-u-men´tә-re) pertaining to or composed of skin. serving as a covering.

integumentum
(in-teg″u-men´tәm) Latin word meaning integument; a term used in anatomy.

intellect
(in´tә-lekt) the mind, thinking faculty, or understanding.

intellectualization
(in″tә-lek″choo-әl-ĭ-za´shәn) a type of defense mechanism in which reasoning is used to avoid confronting an objectionable impulse and thus to defend against anxiety.

intelligence
(in-tel´ĭ-jәns) the ability to acquire knowledge and use it effectively; it is a combination of reasoning, memory, imagination, and judgment, with each of these aspects depending on the others. artificial intelligence a branch of computer science in which machines are made to p...

intelligence test
a set of problems or tasks posed to assess a person's ability to judge, understand, and reason. Tests usually distinguish several different kinds of basic mental ability: verbal aptitude, the ability to understand the meaning of words and use them effectively in writing or speaking; skill with numbers, the ability to add, subtr...

intensification factor
in radiology, the comparative increase in light transmission when films are exposed in the presence of intensifying screens compared to that in the absence of screens.

intensionometer
(in-ten″se-o-nom´ә-tәr) an instrument for measuring the intensity of x-rays.

intensity
(in-ten´sĭ-te) strength, force, or concentration, such as of energy.

intensive care
the care of seriously ill patients in a special hospital unit called an intensive care unit. Called also critical care.

intensive care unit
(ICU) a hospital unit in which are concentrated special equipment and specially trained personnel for the care of seriously ill patients who need immediate and continuous attention (see intensive care). Called also critical care unit.

intensivist
(in-ten´sĭ-vist) a physician who specializes in the provision of intensive care; see also intensive care unit.

intention
(in-ten´shәn) a goal. a manner of healing. a surgical procedure or operation.

intention tremor
action tremor.

interaction
(in″tәr-ak´shәn) the quality, state, or process of (two or more things) acting on each other. reciprocal actions or influences among people, such as mother-child, husband-wife, client-nurse, or parent-teacher. drug interaction modification of the potency of...

interalveolar septum
one of the thin plates of bone separating the alveoli of the teeth in the mandible and maxilla. Called also interradicular septum. one of the thin septa that separate adjacent pulmonary alveoli, containing connective tissue and the capillary network of the blood supply of the lung. Defs. 1 and 2 called also alveol...

interarticular
(in″tәr-ahr-tik´u-lәr) between articulating surfaces.

interatrial
(in″tәr-a´tre-әl) between the atria of the heart.

interatrial septum
the partition separating the right and left atria of the heart; called also atrial septum.

interbrain
(in´tәr-brān″) diencephalon.

intercalary
(in-tur´kә-lar″e) intercalated.

intercalary cells
dark, rodlike structures between the other (secretory and nonsecretory) cells of the endosalpinx, which may be emptied secretory cells; called also peg cells.

intercalated
(in-tur´kә-lāt″әd) inserted between; interposed.

intercalated cells
dark-colored cells in the renal collecting tubules that are responsible for acidification of the urine. Called also dark cells.

intercapillary cells
mesangial cells.

intercapitular veins of foot
veins at the clefts of the toes that pass between the heads of the metatarsal bones and join together the dorsal and plantar venous systems of the foot.

intercapitular veins of hand
veins at the clefts of the finger that pass between the heads of the metacarpal bones and join together the dorsal and palmar venous systems of the hand.

intercartilaginous
(in″tәr-kahr″tĭ-laj´ĭ-nәs) between, or connecting, cartilages.

intercavernous sinuses
channels connecting the two cavernous sinuses, one anterior and the other posterior to the stalk of the pituitary gland.

intercellular
(in″tәr-sel´u-lәr) between the cells.

interchondral
(in″tәr-kon´drәl) intercartilaginous.

intercilium
(in″tәr-sil´e-әm) the space between the eyebrows.

interclavicular
(in″tәr-klә-vik´u-lәr) between the clavicles.

intercondylar
(in″tәr-kon´dә-lәr) between two condyles.

intercondylar fracture
a longitudinal fracture of the humerus between its two condyles. See illustration.

intercostal
(in″tәr-kos´tәl) between two ribs.

intercostal block
intercostal nerve block regional anesthesia produced by blocking intercostal nerves with a local anesthetic.

intercostal nerves
branches of the first eleven thoracic spinal nerves, located between the ribs. The first three send branches to the brachial plexus as well as to the thoracic wall; the fourth, fifth, and sixth supply only the thoracic wall; and the seventh through eleventh are thoracoabdominal in distribution. See also subcostal nerve.

intercostal neuralgia
neuralgia of the intercostal nerves, causing pain in the side that sometimes resembles that of pleurisy or even coronary occlusion and heart attack

intercostal space
the space between two adjacent ribs.

intercostobrachial nerves
two nerves arising from the intercostal nerves. The first is always present: origin, second intercostal nerve; distribution, skin on back and medial aspect of arm; modality, general sensory. A second is often present: origin, third intercostal nerve; distribution, skin of armpit and inner side of arm; modality, general sensory.

intercourse
(in´tәr-kors) mutual exchange. sexual intercourse. sexual intercourse coitus. any physical contact between two individuals involving stimulation of the genital organs of at least one.

intercricothyrotomy
(in″tәr-kri″ko-thi-rot´o-me) cricothyrotomy.

intercritical
(in″tәr-krit´ĭ-kәl) denoting the period between attacks, as of gout.

intercurrent
(in″tәr-kur´әnt) pertaining to a process that occurs during the course of some other event.

intercurrent disease
a disease occurring during the course of another disease with which it has no connection.

interdental canals
channels in the alveolar process of the mandible between the roots of the central and lateral incisors, for passage of anastomosing blood vessels between the sublingual and inferior dental arteries.

interdental cells
cells found in the spiral limbus between the dentes acustici, which secrete the tectorial membrane of the cochlear duct.

interdigital
(in″tәr-dij´ĭ-tәl) between two digits (fingers or toes).

interdigital fold
the free border of the web connecting the bases of adjoining digits.

interdigitating cells
antigen-presenting cells found in the thymus-dependent (parafollicular) areas of the deep cortex of lymph nodes and spleen and having numerous surface processes that interdigitate with adjacent lymphocytes; the surface of these cells contains an Ia antigen of the major histocompatibility complex that causes T cells to cluster.

interdigitation
(in″tәr-dij″ĭ-ta´shәn) an interlocking of parts by finger-like processes. one of a set of finger-like processes.

interfascicular
(in″tәr-fә-sik´u-lәr) between adjacent fascicles.

interfemoral
(in″tәr-fem´o-rәl) between the thighs.

interference
(in″tәr-fēr´әns) opposition to or hampering of some activity. impairment of cardiac impulse conduction due to refractoriness of the tissue; the refractoriness is a physiological response to passage of a preceding impulse. a premature contact point on the occlusal surfac...

interferon
(in″tәr-fēr´on) any of a family of glycoproteins that are biological response modifiers and are used as antineoplastic agents and immunoregulators. They inhibit cell growth, change the state of cell differentiation, have effects on the cell cycle, interfere with oncogene expression, change cell surface ...

interferon alfa-2a
a synthetic form of interferon-α produced by recombinant technology that acts as a biologic response modifier, used as an antineoplastic in the treatment of hairy cell leukemia and AIDS-related Kaposi sarcoma; administered intramuscularly or subcutaneously.

interferon alfa-2b
a synthetic form of interferon-α produced by recombinant technology that acts as a biologic response modifier, used in the treatment of venereal warts, hepatitis B, and chronic hepatitis C and as an antineoplastic in the treatment of hairy cell leukemia, malignant melanoma, non-Hodgkin lymphomas, multiple myeloma, mycosis fungoi...

interferon alfa-n3
a highly purified mixture of natural human interferon proteins that acts as a biologic response modifier; used in the treatment of venereal warts, administered intralesionally.

interferon alfacon-1
a synthetic interferon related to both α and β interferons, produced by recombinant DNA technology; used in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus infection, administered subcutaneously.

interferon beta-1a
a synthetic form of interferon-β that is produced by recombinant DNA techniques and acts as a biologic response modifier; administered intramuscularly in treatment of relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis.

interferon beta-1b
a synthetic modified form of interferon-β that is produced by recombinant DNA techniques and used as a biologic response modifier; administered subcutaneously in treatment of relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis.

interferon gamma-1b
a synthetic form of interferon-γ that is produced by recombinant technology and acts as a biologic response modifier and antineoplastic. It is administered subcutaneously to reduce the frequency and severity of serious infections associated with chronic granulomatous disease.

interferon-α
the major interferon produced by virus-induced leukocyte cultures; its primary producer cells are null cells, and its major activities are antiviral activity and activation of NK cells.

interferon-β
the major interferon produced by double-stranded RNA-induced fibroblast cultures; the major producer cells are fibroblasts, epithelial cells, and macrophages, and its major activity is antiviral.

interferon-γ
the major interferon produced by lymphocyte cultures that have been immunologically stimulated by mitogens or antigens; the major producer cells are T lymphocytes, and its major activity is immunoregulation.

interfibrillar
(in″tәr-fi´bril-әr) between fibrils.

interfilar
(in″tәr-fi´lәr) between or among the fibrils of a reticulum.

interfollicular cells
Askanazy cells.

interglobular spaces
small irregular spaces on the outer surface of the dentin in the tooth root.

intergluteal
(in″tәr-gloo´te-әl) between the buttocks; called also internatal.

interictal
(in″tәr-ik´tәl) occurring between attacks or paroxysms.

interkinesis
(in″tәr-kĭ-ne´sis) the period between the first and second divisions in meiosis.

interleukin
(in´tәr-loo″kin) one of several proteins important for lymphocyte proliferation. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is produced by macrophages and induces the production of interleukin-2 by T cells that have been stimulated by antigen or mitogen. Interleukin-2 (IL-2), produced by T cells, stimulates the proliferation of T...

interlobar
(in″tәr-lo´bәr) between lobes.

interlobar arteries of kidney
origin, lobar branches of segmental arteries; branches, arcuate arteries; distribution, parenchyma of kidney.

interlobar sulci
the sulci that separate the lobes of the brain from each other.

interlobar veins of kidney
veins that drain the arcuate veins, pass down between the renal pyramids, and unite to form the renal vein.

interlobular
(in″tәr-lob´u-lәr) between lobules.

interlobular arteries of kidney
arteries originating from the arcuate arteries of the kidney and distributed to the renal glomeruli.

interlobular arteries of liver
arteries originating from the right or left branch of the hepatic artery proper, forming a plexus outside each hepatic lobule and supplying the walls of the interlobular veins and the accompanying bile ducts.

interlobular ducts
channels between different lobules of a gland.

interlobular emphysema
pulmonary emphysema with accumulation of air in the septa between lobules of the lungs; called also distal acinar emphysema.

interlobular veins of kidney
veins that collect blood from the capillary network of the renal cortex and empty into the arcuate veins.

interlobular veins of liver
veins that arise between the hepatic lobules and drain, via the sublobular veins, into the hepatic veins.

intermaxillary
(in″tәr-mak´sĭ-lar″e) between the maxillae.

intermaxillary traction
maxillomandibular traction.

intermediary base
the layer of material between a dental restoration and the tooth structure, acting as an insulator and protective barrier.

intermediate
(in″tәr-me´de-әt) placed between; see also medial and median. resembling, in part, each of two extremes. a substance formed in a chemical process that is essential to formation of the end product of the process.

intermediate bone
lunate bone.

intermediate care facility
(ICF) a type of long-term care facility with nurses on staff, designed to provide custodial care for individuals unable to care for themselves because of mental or physical infirmity.

intermediate column of spinal cord
lateral column of spinal cord.

intermediate filaments
tiny filaments in the cytoplasm of cells that help support the structure of the cells and are involved in cell movement.

intermediate host
a host in which a parasite passes one or more of its asexual stages; usually designated first and second, if there is more than one.

intermediate lamella
interstitial lamella one of the bony plates that fill in between the haversian systems.

intermediate lymphocytic lymphoma
mantle cell lymphoma.