Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

ICF
intermediate care facility; intracellular fluid.

ichthyoid
(ik´the-oid) fishlike.

ichthyophagous
(ik″the-of´ә-gәs) eating or subsisting on fish.

ichthyosarcotoxin
(ik″the-o-sahr´ko-tok″sin) a toxin found in the flesh of poisonous fishes.

ichthyosarcotoxism
(ik″the-o-sahr″ko-tok´siz-әm) fish poisoning.

ichthyosiform
(ik″the-o´sĭ-form) resembling ichthyosis.

ichthyosis
(ik″the-o´sis) any in a group of skin disorders characterized by increased or aberrant keratinization, resulting in dryness, roughness, and scaliness of the skin. Many different metaphors have been used to describe the various types and stages of ichthyosis, such as alligator, collodion, crocodile, fish, and porcu...

ichthyosis congenita
(ik″the-o´sis kәn-jen´ĭ-tә) any type of ichthyosis that is present at birth.

ichthyosis hystrix
(ik″the-o´sis his´triks) a rare form of epidermolytic hyperkeratosis marked by generalized, dark brown, linear, wartlike ridges somewhat like porcupine skin.

ichthyosis linearis circumflexa
(ik″the-o´sis lin″e-ar´is sur″kәm-flek´sә) a congenital autosomal recessive disorder present at birth, characterized by the presence of generalized redness and scaling of the skin associated with migratory lesions and hyperhidrosis of the palms and soles.

ichthyosis vulgaris
(ik″the-o´sis vәl-gar´is) the most common form of ichthyosis, inherited as an autosomal dominant trait, having an onset sometime after the first year of life, especially near puberty. There is prominent fine scaling, mostly on the extensor surfaces of the limbs and back; the flexures are spared and the...

ichthyotoxin
(ik´the-o-tok″sin) any toxic substance derived from fish. See also fish poisoning.

ichthyotoxism
(ik″the-o-tok´siz-әm) any intoxication due to an ichthyotoxin.

ICS
International College of Surgeons.

ICSH
interstitial cell–stimulating hormone (luteinizing hormone).

ICSI
intracytoplasmic sperm injection.

ictal
(ik´tәl) pertaining to, characterized by, or due to a stroke or an acute epileptic seizure.

icteric
(ik-ter´ik) pertaining to or affected with jaundice.

icterogenic
(ik″tәr-o-jen´ik) causing jaundice.

icterohepatitis
(ik″tәr-o-hep″ә-ti´tis) inflammation of the liver with marked jaundice.

icteroid
(ik´tәr-oid) resembling jaundice.

icterus
(ik´tәr-әs) jaundice. icterus neonatorum neonatal jaundice. icterus praecox mild jaundice developing within the first 24 hours of life (before physiologic jaundice normally occurs), due to ABO blood group incompatibility between mother ...

ictus
(ik´tәs) pl. ic´tus Latin word meaning a seizure, stroke, blow, or sudden attack. adj., ic´tal., adj.

ICU
intensive care unit.

ID
infective dose.

id
(id) a freudian term used to describe that part of the personality which harbors the unconscious, instinctive impulses that lead to immediate gratification of primitive needs such as hunger, the need for air, the need to move about and relieve body tension, and the need to eliminate. Id impulses are physiologic an...

ID50
median infective dose.

Idamycin
(i″dә-mi´sin) trademark for a preparation of idarubicin, an antitumor antibiotic.

idarubicin
(i″dah-roo´bĭ-sin) an antitumor antibiotic of the anthracycline group, administered intravenously in the treatment of acute myelogenous leukemia.

IDDM
insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, former name for type 1 diabetes mellitus.

idea
(i-de´ә) a mental impression or conception.

idea of reference
the incorrect idea that the words and actions of others refer to one's self, or the projection of the causes of one's own imaginary difficulties upon someone else.

ideal
(i-de´әl) a pattern or concept of perfection.

idealization
(i-de″әl-ĭ-za´shәn) a conscious or unconscious mental mechanism in which the individual overestimates an admired aspect or attribute of another person.

ideation
(i″de-a´shәn) the formation of ideas or images. adj., idea´tional., adj. suicidal ideation recurring thoughts of or preoccupation with suicide.

ideational apraxia
sensory apraxia.

idée fixe
(e-da´ fēks´) fixed idea.

identical points
corresponding p's.

identical twins
twins that develop from a single oocyte, have the same genetic makeup, and are typically similar in physical appearance. Called also monovular or monozygotic twins.

identification
(I-den″tĭ-fĭ-ka´shәn) a largely unconscious process, often a defense mechanism, by which an individual takes as his or her own the characteristics, postures, achievements, or other identifying traits of other persons or groups. This is important to development of the superego with awareness and acc...

identity
(i-den´tĭ-te) the group of characteristics by which individuals are recognized by themselves and others. gender identity a person's self-conception as being male and masculine or female and feminine, or ambivalent. It is usually based on physical characteristics, parental at...

identity crisis
a period in the psychosocial development of an individual, usually occurring during adolescence, manifested by a loss of the sense of the sameness and historical continuity of one's self, confusion over values, or an inability to accept the role the individual perceives as being expected by society.

identity disorder
former name for a disorder of adolescence that was defined as severe subjective distress about inability to reconcile aspects of the self into a relatively coherent whole and acceptable sense of self, with uncertainty about many social, academic, career, and moral choices. Lacking in substantiation, the disorder is no lon...

ideogenetic
(i″de-o-jә-net´ik) related to mental processes in which images of sense impressions are used, rather than ideas that are ready for verbal expression.

ideomotion
(i″de-o-mo´shәn) motion or muscular action induced by a dominant idea rather than by reflex or volition.

ideomotor
(i″de-o-mo´tәr) aroused by an idea or thought; said of involuntary motion.

idioglossia
(id″e-o-glos´e-ә) imperfect articulation, with utterance of meaningless vocal sounds. adj., idioglot´tic., adj.

idiogram
(id´e-o-gram″) a diagrammatic representation of a chromosome complement.

idiojunctional rhythm
a rhythm emanating from the atrioventricular junction but without retrograde conduction to the atria.

idiopathic
(id″e-o-path´ik) self-originated; occurring without known cause.

idiopathic disease
one that exists without any connection with any known cause.

idiopathic epilepsy
epilepsy of unknown origin; some cases may be associated with an inherited predisposition for seizures.

idiopathic hypertension
essential hypertension.

idiopathic muscular atrophy
spinal muscular atrophy.

idiopathic myocarditis
acute isolated myocarditis.

idiopathic neutropenia
agranulocytosis.

idiopathic pericarditis
acute serofibrinous pericarditis whose cause is unknown; many patients have recurrent attacks. Called also acute benign pericarditis.

idiopathic postprandial syndrome
the repeated occurrence of the clinical manifestations of hypoglycemia after meals; a controversial disease entity.

idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
chronic inflammatory progressive fibrosis of the pulmonary alveolar walls, with steadily progressive dyspnea, resulting in death from oxygen lack or right heart failure. Most cases are of unknown origin, although some are thought to result from pneumoconiosis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, scleroderma, and other diseases.

idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
thrombocytopenic purpura not directly associated with any definable systemic disease, although it often follows a systemic infection. The cause is thought to be a member of the immunoglobulin G class that acts as an antibody against platelets, causing ecchymoses, petechiae, and other bleeding. The acute form has a sudden onset,...

idiopathy
(id″e-op´ә-the) a disease state or condition that arises without known cause.

idioretinal
(id″e-o-ret´ĭ-nәl) pertaining to the retina alone; used in describing a visual sensation that occurs without a visual stimulus.

idioretinal light
intrinsic light the sensation of light in the complete absence of external stimuli.

idiosyncrasy
(id″e-o-sin´krә-se) a habit or quality of body or mind peculiar to any individual. an abnormal susceptibility to an agent (such as a drug) that is peculiar to the individual. adj., idiosyncrat´ic., adj.

idiot savant
(id´e-әt sә-vahnt´) (e-dyo´ sah-vahn´) a person who is severely mentally retarded in some respects, yet has a particular mental faculty that is developed to an unusually high degree, such as memory, mathematics, or music.

idiotrophic
(id″e-o-tro´fik) capable of obtaining its own nourishment.

idioventricular
(id″e-o-vәn-trik´u-lәr) pertaining to the cardiac ventricle alone.

idioventricular rhythm
a sustained series of impulses propagated by an independent pacemaker within the ventricles, with a rate of 20 to 50 beats per minute.

idoxuridine
(i-doks-ūr´ĭ-dēn) a pyrimidine analogue that prevents replication of DNA viruses; used topically in herpes simplex keratitis.

IDSA
Infectious Disease Society of America.

IDU
idoxuridine.

IFA test
indirect fluorescent antibody test; see immunofluorescence.

Ifex
(i´feks) trademark for a preparation of ifosfamide, an antineoplastic agent.

ifosfamide
(i-fos´fә-mīd) an alkylating agent, one of the nitrogen mustards, which binds to protein and DNA and inhibits DNA synthesis. Used as an antineoplastic agent in treatment of leukemia, lymphoma, and cancers of the lung, ovary, testes, and other organs.

Ig
immunoglobulin, usually followed by a letter denoting one of the five classes: IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM.

IgA
immunoglobulin A; see immunoglobulin.

IgA glomerulonephritis
IgA nephropathy.

IgA nephropathy
a common, chronic type of nephropathy marked by hematuria and proteinuria and by deposits of immunoglobulin A in the mesangial areas of the renal glomeruli, with subsequent reactive hyperplasia of mesangial cells. Called also Berger disease and IgA glomerulonephritis.

igbo-ora virus
a virus belonging to the genus Alphavirus that has been associated with a disease resembling dengue. The disease occurs in Nigeria, the Central African Republic, and the Ivory Coast.

IgD
immunoglobulin D; see immunoglobulin.

IgE
immunoglobulin E; see immunoglobulin.

IgE receptors
membrane receptors for the IgE class of immunoglobulins, found on mast cells and basophils.

IgG
immunoglobulin G; see immunoglobulin.

IgM
immunoglobulin M; see immunoglobulin.

ignipuncture
(ig´nĭ-punk″chәr) therapeutic puncture with hot needles.

IHS
Indian Health Service, an agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services.

IHSS
idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis.

ileac
(il´e-ak) of the nature of ileus. pertaining to the ileum.

ileal
(il´e-әl) pertaining to the ileum.

ileal arteries
origin, superior mesenteric artery; branches, none; distribution, ileum.

ileal conduit
use of a segment of the ileum for urinary diversion from the ureters to replace the urinary bladder. The segment is resected from the intestine with nerves and blood supply intact; its proximal end is closed to form a pouch, and the ends of the ureters are attached to it. The distal end is brought to the outside of the abdomina...

ileal diverticulum
Meckel diverticulum.

ileal loop
ileal conduit.

ileal orifice
ileocecal orifice the opening at the junction of the ileum and cecum, which is rounded at the left (anterior) end and pointed at the right (posterior) end. It has two lips, one above and one below. It was formerly thought to be a valve, but now that is known to be only in the cadaver.

ileal papilla
ileocecal papilla the conical projection formed by the terminal ileum at its junction with the cecum, with the ileum extending into the large intestine; this structure in the living individual corresponds to the so-called ileocecal valve in the cadaver.

ileal veins
veins draining blood from the ileum into the superior mesenteric vein.

ileectomy
(il″e-ek´tә-me) excision of the ileum.

ileitis
(il″e-i´tis) inflammation of the ileum, usually resulting from infection, obstruction, severe irritation, or faulty absorption of material through the intestinal walls. The advanced stage is marked by hardening, thickening, and ulceration of parts of the bowel lining, and there may be an obstruction that cau...

ileoanal
(il″e-o-a´nәl) pertaining to or connecting the ileum and the anus.

ileoanal pull-through anastomosis
anastomosis of an ileoanal reservoir to the anal canal by means of a short conduit of ileum pulled through the rectal cuff and sutured to the anus; done to allow continent elimination of feces following colectomy in the management of ulcerative colitis. See also Duhamel operation, Soave operation, and Swenson operation.