Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

hyperpotassemia
(hi″pәr-po″tә-se´me-ә) hyperkalemia.

hyperpragia
(hi″pәr-pra´je-ә) excessive mental activity. adj. hyperprag´ic., adj.

hyperpraxia
(hi″pәr-prak´se-ә) abnormal activity; restlessness.

hyperprebetalipoproteinemia
(hi″pәr-pre-ba″tә-lip″o-pro″te-ne´me-ә) an excess of very-low-density lipoproteins (pre-beta lipoproteins) in the blood.

hyperprolactinemia
(hi″pәr-pro-lak″tĭ-ne´me-ә) increased levels of prolactin in the blood; in women it is associated with amenorrhea and often galactorrhea, and it has been reported to cause impotence in men.

hyperprolinemia
(hi″pәr-pro″lĭ-ne´me-ә) a hereditary, usually benign aminoacidopathy marked by excessive proline in the blood.

hyperprosexia
(hi″pәr-pro-sek´se-ә) preoccupation with one idea to the exclusion of all others.

hyperproteinemia
(hi″pәr-pro″te-ne´me-ә) an excess of protein in the blood.

hyperproteosis
(hi″pәr-pro″te-o´sis) a condition due to excessive protein in the diet.

hyperpselaphesia
(hi″pәrp-sel″ә-fe´zhә) hyperesthesia of the sense of touch.

hyperpyrexia
(hi″pәr-pi-rek´se-ә) hyperthermia. adj., hyperpyrex´ial, hyperpyrex´ic., adj. malignant hyperpyrexia malignant hyperthermia.

hyperreactive
(hi″pәr-re-ak´tiv) showing a greater than normal response to stimuli.

hyperreactivity
(hi″pәr-re-ak-tiv´ĭ-te) the quality of being hyperreactive; see also irritability. Called also hyperresponsiveness.

hyperreflexia
(hi″pәr-re-flek´se-ә) exaggeration of reflexes, sometimes due to excessive activity of the sympathetic nervous system; see also autonomic dysreflexia. detrusor hyperreflexia the occurrence of unstable bladder contractions in the presence of known neurological disease; se...

hyperreninemia
(hi″pәr-re″nĭ-ne´me-ә) a condition of elevated levels of renin in the blood, which may lead to aldosteronism and hypertension.

hyperresonance
(hi″pәr-rez´o-nәns) exaggerated resonance on percussion. adj., hyperres´onant., adj.

hyperresponsive
(hi″pәr-rә-spon´siv) hyperreactive.

hyperresponsiveness
(hi″pәr-rә-spon´siv-nis) hyperreactivity.

hypersalivation
(hi″pәr-sal″ĭ-va´shәn) ptyalism.

hypersarcosinemia
(hi″pәr-sahr″ko-sĭ-ne´me-ә) sarcosinemia.

hypersecretion
(hi″pәr-se-kre´shәn) excessive secretion.

hypersensitivity
(hi″pәr-sen″sĭ-tiv´ĭ-te) a state of altered reactivity in which the body reacts with an exaggerated immune response to a foreign agent; anaphylaxis and allergy are two types. The hypersensitivity states and resulting hypersensitivity reactions are usually subclassified by the Gell and Coombs classi...

hypersensitivity myocarditis
myocarditis due to allergic reactions caused by hypersensitivity to various agents, particularly sulfonamides, penicillins, and methyldopa.

hypersensitivity reaction
the exaggerated or inappropriate immune response occurring in hypersensitivity, in response to a substance either foreign or perceived as foreign and resulting in local or general tissue damage. Such reactions are usually classified as types I–IV on the basis of the Gell and Coombs classification. del...

hypersensitization
(hi″pәr-sen″sĭ-tĭ-za´shәn) the induction of hypersensitivity.

hyperserotonemia
(hi″pәr-se″ro-to-ne´me-ә) excessive serotonin in the blood or serum; symptoms may include mental status changes and hyperactivity of the autonomic nervous system; see also serotonin syndrome.

hypersexuality
(hi″pәr-sek″shoo-al´ĭ-te) abnormally increased sexual desire or activity; see nymphomania and satyriasis.

hypersomnia
(hi″pәr-som´ne-ә) excessive sleeping or sleepiness, as in any of a group of sleep disorders; it can occur with central nervous system damage or as a result of some physical or mental illnesses, such as depression. primary hypersomnia a sleep disorder consisting of persis...

hypersomnia-bulimia syndrome
Kleine-Levin syndrome.

hypersomnolence
(hi″pәr-som´no-lens) hypersomnia.

hypersplenism
(hi″pәr-splen´iz-әm) a condition characterized by excessive breakdown of red blood cells by the spleen, so that the levels of red cells and other blood elements drop; there are too many blood cells in the bone marrow and the spleen is often enlarged.

hypersthenia
(hi″pәr-sthe´ne-ә) increased strength or tonicity. abnormal strength or excessive tension of the entire body or a part. adj., hypersthen´ic., adj.

hypersthenuria
(hi″pәr-sthә-nu´re-ә) increased osmolality of the urine.

hypertelorism
(hi″pәr-te´lor-iz-әm) abnormally increased distance between two organs or parts. ocular hypertelorism , orbital hypertelorism increase in the interocular distance, often associated with cleidocranial or craniofacial dysostosis and sometimes with mental ...

hypertelorism-hypospadias syndrome
Opitz syndrome.

hypertension
(hi″pәr-ten´shәn) persistently high blood pressure. In adults, it is generally agreed that blood pressure is abnormally high when the systolic pressure is equal to or greater than 140 mm Hg and the diastolic pressure is equal to or greater than 90 mm Hg. The two major types are essential hypertension and mal...

hypertensive
(hi″pәr-ten´siv) characterized by increased tension or pressure. causing hypertension. a person with hypertension.

hypertensive crisis
a sudden attack of dangerously high blood pressure.

hypertensive encephalopathy
a complex of cerebral phenomena such as headache, convulsions, and coma that occur in the course of malignant hypertension.

hypertensive ischemic ulcer
a manifestation of infarction of the skin due to arteriolar occlusion as part of a longstanding vascular disease, seen especially in women in late middle age, and presenting as a red painful plaque on the lower limb or ankle that later breaks down into a superficial ulcer surrounded by a zone of purpuric erythema.

hypertensive retinopathy
that associated with essential hypertension; changes may include irregular narrowing of the retinal arterioles, hemorrhages in the nerve fiber layers and the outer plexiform layer, exudates and cotton-wool patches, arteriosclerotic changes, and, in malignant hypertension, papilledema. See Atlas 4.

hypertensor
(hi″pәr-ten´sәr) pressor.

hyperthecosis
(hi″pәr-the-ko´sis) hyperplasia and excessive luteinization of the cells of the inner stromal layer of the ovary.

hyperthelia
(hi″pәr-the´le-ә) polythelia.

hyperthermalgesia
(hi″pәr-thur″mәl-je´ze-ә) abnormal sensitiveness to heat.

hyperthermesthesia
(hi″pәr-thur″mes-the´zhә) increased sensibility for heat.

hyperthermia
(hi″pәr-thur´me-ә) greatly increased body temperature; see also fever. Called also hyperpyrexia. adj., hyperther´mal, hyperther´mic., adj. malignant hyperthermia a syndrome affecting patients undergoing general anesthesia, marked by rapid rise in body temperatur...

hyperthrombinemia
(hi″pәr-throm″bĭ-ne´me-ә) excessive thrombin in the blood.

hyperthymia
(hi″pәr-thi´me-ә) excessive emotionalism. excessive activity, verging on hypomania. adj., hyperthy´mic., adj.

hyperthymism
(hi″pәr-thi´miz-әm) a condition attributed to excessive activity of the thymus.

hyperthyroidism
(hi″pәr-thi´roid-iz-әm) excessive functional activity of the thyroid gland; see also thyrotoxicosis. It affects women far more frequently than men, with peak incidence between 30 and 50 years of age. Manifestations vary from mild symptoms of weakness, insomnia, weight loss, and tremulousness to extreme...

hyperthyroxinemia
(hi″pәr-thi-rok″sĭ-ne´me-ә) an excess of thyroxine in the blood.

hypertonia
(hi″pәr-to´ne-ә) abnormally increased tonicity, such as of skeletal muscles or the walls of arteries.

hypertonic
(hi″pәr-ton´ik) pertaining to or characterized by increased tonicity. or tension. having an osmotic pressure greater than that of the solution with which it is compared.

hypertonic solution
one having an osmotic pressure greater than that of a standard of reference. See also osmosis.

hypertonicity
(hi″pәr-to-nis´ĭ-te) the state or quality of being hypertonic.

hypertrichosis
(hi″pәr-trĭ-ko´sis) excessive growth of hair; see also hirsutism. hypertrichosis lanuginosa persistent or acquired production of lanugo. One type is a congenital, autosomal dominant disorder in which excessive hair is distributed over the entire body throughout l...

hypertriglyceridemia
(hi″pәr-tri-glis´ә-ri-de´me-ә) an excess of triglycerides in the blood; some hereditary forms are classified as types of hyperlipoproteinemia.

hypertrophic arthritis
rheumatoid arthritis marked by hypertrophy of the cartilage at the edge of the joints; osteoarthritis.

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
an increase in heart muscle weight, particularly of the left ventricle and often involving the interventricular septum; it may affect the flow of blood from an atrium into the ventricle or out from the ventricle. This type of cardiomyopathy is frequently associated with idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis. Called a...

hypertrophic gastritis
Ménétrier disease.

hypertrophic lupus erythematosus
a form of discoid lupus erythematosus characterized by warty, hyperkeratotic lesions that can be mistaken for keratoacanthoma or hypertrophic lichen planus.

hypertrophic olivary degeneration
a condition seen with damage to part of a small triangular region of the brain that connects the dentate nucleus of one side with the red nucleus and olive of the other side of the brain. It is characterized by palatal myoclonus and tremor of the limbs.

hypertrophic pharyngitis
a type of chronic pharyngitis with thickening of the mucous membranes, which contain nodules of lymphoid tissue; it is often due to repeated faulty habits of speaking.

hypertrophic rhinitis
that with thickening and swelling of the mucous membrane.

hypertrophic subaortic stenosis
a type of cardiomyopathy of unknown cause, in which the left ventricle is hypertrophied and its cavity is small; this results in obstruction to outflow of blood from the left ventricle.

hypertrophy
(hi-pur´trә-fe) increase in volume of a tissue or organ produced entirely by enlargement of existing cells. See also hyperplasia and proliferation. adj., hypertro´phic., adj.

hypertropia
(hi″pәr-tro´pe-ә) vertical strabismus in which there is permanent upward deviation of the visual axis of one eye.

hyperuricemia
(hi″pәr-u″rĭ-se´me-ә) an excess of uric acid or urates in the blood. adj., hyperurice´mic., adj.

hyperuricosuria
(hi″pәr-u″rĭ-ko-su´re-ә) an excess of uric acid or urates in the urine; caled also hyperuricuria and uricosuria.

hyperuricuria
(hi″pәr-u″rĭ-ku´re-ә) hyperuricosuria.

hypervalinemia
(hi″pәr-val″ĭ-ne´me-ә) an inborn error of metabolism characterized by elevated levels of valine in the blood and urine and by failure to thrive.

hypervascular
(hi″pәr-vas´ku-lәr) extremely vascular.

hyperventilation
(hi″pәr-ven″tĭ-la´shәn) abnormally fast and deep breathing; it can be the result of either an emotional state or a physiological condition. Emotional causes include acute anxiety and emotional tension; unrecognized hyperventilation is a common cause of the symptoms associated with chronic anxiety ...

hyperventilation syndrome
a complex of symptoms that accompany hypocapnia caused by hyperventilation, including palpitations, shortness of breath or air hunger, lightheadedness, heavy sweating, and tingling sensations. Prolonged hyperventilation can cause vasomotor collapse and loss of consciousness.

hyperventilation test
(for Prinzmetal angina) the patient hyperventilates (breathes rapidly and deeply) for five minutes and an electrocardiogram is recorded before, during, and for ten minutes after this. Abnormal coronary vasoconstriction, demonstrated by ST segment changes in the electrocardiogram, indicates Prinzmetal angina.

hyperventilation tetany
tetany produced by forced inhalation and exhalation continued for a considerable time.

hypervigilance
(hi″pәr-vij´ĭ-lәns) abnormally increased arousal, responsiveness to stimuli, and screening of the environment for threats; it is often associated with delusional or paranoid states.

hyperviscosity
(hi″pәr-vis-kos´ĭ-te) excessive viscosity, as of the blood.

hyperviscosity syndrome
any of various syndromes associated with increased viscosity of the blood. One type is due to serum hyperviscosity and is characterized by spontaneous bleeding with neurologic and ocular disorders. Another type is characterized by polycythemia with retarded blood flow, organ congestion, reduced capillary perfusion, and increased card...

hypervitaminosis
(hi″pәr-vi″tә-mĭ-no´sis) illness caused by ingestion of excessive amounts of a vitamin; the most common conditions are hypervitaminosis A and hypervitaminosis D. hypervitaminosis A a symptom complex resulting from ingestion of excessive amounts of vitamin A, w...

hypervolemia
(hi″pәr-vo-le´me-ә) abnormal increase in the volume of circulating blood plasma in the body.

hypesthesia
(hīp″es-the´zhә) hypoesthesia.

hypha
(hi´fә) pl. hy´phae one of the filaments or threads composing the mycelium of a fungus. branching filamentous outgrowths produced by certain bacteria (such as Actinomyces), sometimes forming a mycelium.

hyphedonia
(hīp″hә-do´ne-ә) pathologic diminution of power of enjoyment.

hyphema
(hi-fe´mә) hemorrhage into the anterior chamber of the eye.

hyphemia
(hi-fe´me-ә) deficiency of blood to a part. hyphema.

hyphidrosis
(hīp″hĭ-dro´sis) hypohidrosis.

Hyphomycetes
(hi″fo-mi-se´tēz) the mycelial (hyphal) fungi (the molds).

hyphomycosis
(hi″fo-mi-ko´sis) any infection caused by an imperfect fungus of the form-class Hyphomycetes; the group has been divided into hyalohyphomycosis and phaeohyphomycosis based on the color of the mycelium and wall of the fungus.

hypnagogic
(hip″nә-goj´ik) hypnotic (def. 1). occurring just before sleep; applied to hallucinations occurring at sleep onset.

hypnagogic hallucination
a vivid, dreamlike hallucination occurring at sleep onset.

hypnalgia
(hip-nal´jә) pain during sleep.

hypnoanalysis
(hip″no-ә-nal´ә-sis) psychoanalysis with use of hypnosis to help uncover unconscious material.

hypnoanesthesia
(hip″no-an″es-the´zhә) reduction of sensitivity to pain by hypnosis.

hypnodontics
(hip″no-don´tiks) the application of hypnosis and controlled suggestion in the practice of dentistry.

hypnoid
(hip´noid) pertaining to or resembling hypnosis or sleep.

hypnopompic
(hip″no-pom´pik) persisting after sleep; applied to hallucinations occurring on awakening.

hypnopompic hallucination
a vivid, dreamlike hallucination occurring on awakening.

hypnosis
(hip-no´sis) a state of altered consciousness, usually artificially induced, in which there is a focusing of attention and heightened responsiveness to suggestions and commands. Contrary to popular belief, hypnosis is not sleep but rather intense concentration, something like the familiar experience of being engrossed i...