Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

hypogonadism
(hi″po-go´nad-iz-әm) decreased functional activity of the gonads, with retardation of growth, sexual development, and secondary sex characters. Called also hypogenitalism. hypergonadotropic hypogonadism that associated with secretion of high levels of gonadotropins, as in Kli...

hypogonadotropic
(hi″po-go″nә-do-tro´pik) relating to or caused by deficiency of gonadotropin.

hypogonadotropic amenorrhea
a type caused by failure to maintain a critical body fat-to-lean ratio, resulting in hypothalamic suppression; seen most often in women who engage in strenuous exercise, such as athletes, dancers, and those who are excessively weight conscious.

hypohidrosis
(hi″po-hĭ-dro´sis) abnormally diminished sweating. adj., hypohidrot´ic., adj.

hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia
anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia.

hypoinsulinism
(hi″po-in´su-lin-iz″әm) insulinopenia.

hypokalemia
(hi″po-kә-le´me-ә) abnormally low potassium concentration in the blood; it may result from potassium loss because of polyuria, vomiting, or diarrhea); excessive sweating; serious burns; or imbalances caused by hormone problems or activity of drugs in the system. Symptoms include muscle cramps in the legs ...

hypokalemic alkalosis
a metabolic alkalosis associated with a low serum potassium level; retention of alkali or loss of acid occurs in the extracellular (but not intracellular) fluid compartment, although the pH of the intracellular fluid may be below normal.

hypokalemic nephropathy
nephropathy with hypokalemia, interstitial nephritis, swelling and vacuolization of proximal renal tubules, and progressive renal failure, resulting from conditions such as oncotic overloading of the kidney filtration mechanisms by sugars. See also potassium-losing nephropathy.

hypokalemic periodic paralysis
see familial periodic paralysis.

hypokinesia
(hi″po-kĭ-ne´zhә) abnormally decreased mobility or movement. adj., hypokinet´ic., adj.

hypolactasia
(hi″po-lak-ta´zhә) deficiency of lactase activity in the intestines.

hypoleydigism
(hi″po-li´dig-iz-әm) abnormally diminished secretion of androgens by Leydig cells.

hypolipidemic
(hi″po-lip″ĭ-de´mik) promoting the reduction of lipid concentrations in the serum.

hypolipoproteinemia
(hi″po-lip″o-pro″te-ne´me-ә) the presence of abnormally low levels of lipoproteins in the serum, as in Tangier disease.

hypomagnesemia
(hi″po-mag″nә-se´me-ә) abnormally low magnesium content of the blood, manifested chiefly by neuromuscular hyperirritability.

hypomania
(hi″po-ma´ne-ә) an abnormality of mood resembling mania (persistent elevated or expansive mood, hyperactivity, inflated self-esteem, and so on) but of lesser intensity. adj., hypoman´ic., adj.

hypomelanosis
(hi″po-mel″ә-no´sis) a deficiency of melanin in the tissues, especially in the skin; types include albinism, leukoderma, piebaldism, and vitiligo. See also amelanosis.

hypomenorrhea
(hi″po-men″o-re´ә) diminution of amount or duration of menstruation.

hypomere
(hi´po-mēr) one of the anterolateral portions of the fusing myotomes in embryonic development, forming muscles innervated by the anterior rami of the spinal nerves. the lateral plate of mesoderm that develops into the walls of the body cavities.

hypomeric muscle
one derived from a hypomere and innervated by an anterior ramus of a spinal nerve.

hypometabolism
(hi″po-mә-tab´o-liz-әm) decreased metabolism or basal metabolic rate.

hypometria
(hi″po-me´tre-ә) ataxia in which movements fall short of the intended goal.

hypomnesia
(hi″pom-ne´zhә) defective memory.

hypomorph
(hi´po-morf″) hypomorphic allele.

hypomorphic allele
a mutant allele whose effect is subnormal expression of a normal phenotype.

hypomotility
(hi″po-mo-til´ĭ-te) deficient motility of a part.

hypomyelination
(hi″po-mi″ә-lin-a´shәn) disappearance, or inadequate formation, of myelin sheaths on nerves.

hypomyxia
(hi″po-mik´se-ә) decreased secretion of mucus.

hyponasality
(hi″po-na-zal´ĭ-te) a quality of voice in which there is a complete lack of nasal emission of air and nasal resonance, so that the voice is low-pitched. Persons with this condition sound as if they have a cold. Called also rhinolalia clausa.

hyponatremia
(hi″po-nә-tre´me-ә) deficiency of sodium in the blood. It can occur as a result of inadequate sodium intake, as in a sodium-restricted diet, excessive water ingestion or retention, or excessive salt wasting. Symptoms include muscular weakness and twitching, progressing to convulsions if unrelieved; alt...

hyponeocytosis
(hi″po-ne″o-si-to´sis) leukopenia with the presence of immature leukocytes in the blood.

hyponoia
(hi″po-noi´ә) sluggish mental activity.

hyponychial
(hi″po-nik´e-әl) subungual.

hyponychium
(hi″po-nik´e-әm) the thickened epidermis beneath the free distal end of the nail. adj., hyponych´ial., adj.

hypopancreatism
(hi″po-pan´kre-ә-tiz″әm) diminished activity of the pancreas.

hypoparathyroidism
(hi″po-par″ә-thi´roid-iz-әm) the condition produced by greatly reduced function of the parathyroid glands or by their removal in treatment of hyperparathyroidism. The lack of parathyroid hormone leads to a fall in serum calcium level, which may result in increased excitability of nerves and muscles and...

hypoperfusion
(hi″po-pәr-fu´zhәn) decreased perfusion of blood through an organ, as in hypovolemic shock; if prolonged, it may result in permanent cellular damage and death.

hypoperistalsis
(hi″po-per″ĭ-stawl´sis) abnormally sluggish peristalsis.

hypophalangism
(hi″po-fә-lan´jiz-әm) less than the usual number of phalanges of a finger or toe.

hypopharynx
(hi″po-far´inks) laryngopharynx.

hypophonesis
(hi″po-fo-ne´sis) diminution of the sound in auscultation or percussion.

hypophonia
(hi″po-fo´ne-ә) a weak voice due to incoordination of the vocal muscles.

hypophoria
(hi″po-for´e-ә) a type of heterophoria in which there is permanent downward deviation of the visual axis of an eye in the absence of visual stimuli.

hypophosphatasia
(hi″po-fos″fә-ta´zhә) an inborn error of metabolism marked by abnormally low serum alkaline phosphatase activity; it is manifested by rickets in infants and children and by osteomalacia in adults. It is most severe in babies under six months of age.

hypophosphatemia
(hi″po-fos″fә-te´me-ә) deficiency of phosphates in the blood; see also hypophosphatasia. adj., hypophosphate´mic., adj.

hypophosphatemic bone disease
an autosomal dominant disorder clinically resembling a mild form of X-linked hypophosphatemia and similarly due to a defect in renal tubular function, but usually showing osteomalacia without radiographic evidence of rickets and responding to calcitriol without supplemental phosphate in at least some cases.

hypophosphatemic rickets
any of a group of disorders characterized by rickets associated with hypophosphatemia. Some types are hereditary (see familial hypophosphatemic rickets). Others are acquired as a result of reactions to certain drugs or something in the diet. While skeletal deformities such as bowleg and short stature are present, neither hypoca...

hypophosphaturia
(hi″po-fos″fә-tu´re-ә) abnormally decreased levels of phosphate in the urine.

hypophrenic
(hi″po-fren´ik) subphrenic.

hypophyseal
(hi″po-fiz´e-әl) pituitary (def. 1).

hypophyseal fossa
a depression in the sphenoid lodging the pituitary gland; called also pituitary fossa.

hypophysectomy
(hi-pof″ә-sek´tә-me) removal of part or all of the pituitary gland (hypophysis); this is usually a surgical procedure but is sometimes done chemically by injection of alcohol into the sella turcica. The primary indication is as treatment of a pituitary tumor. Because of its influence on the adrenal cortex an...

hypophyseoportal
(hi″po-fiz″e-o-por´tәl) hypophysioportal.

hypophyseoportal system
hypophysioportal systemhypothalamo-hypophysial portal system the venules connecting the hypothalamus with the sinusoidal capillaries of the adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary); they carry releasing hormones to the pituitary.

hypophysial
(hi″po-fiz´e-әl) pituitary (def. 1).

hypophysial dwarf
a person with hypophysial infantilism; called also pituitary dwarf.

hypophysial dwarfism
hypophysial infantilism.

hypophysioportal
(hi″po-fiz″e-o-por´tәl) pertaining to the portal system of the pituitary gland, in which venules that serve the hypothalamus connect with capillaries that serve the adenohypophysis. Also spelled hypophyseoportal.

hypophysioportal veins
a system of venules connecting capillaries in the hypothalamus with sinusoidal capillaries in the anterior lobe of the hypophysis.

hypophysioprivic
(hi″po-fiz″e-o-priv´ik) pertaining to deficiency of hormone secretion by the pituitary gland (hypophysis); see hypopituitarism.

hypophysis
(hi-pof´ә-sis) pituitary gland.

hypopigmentation
(hi″po-pig″mәn-ta´shәn) abnormally diminished pigmentation. In the skin this is from decreased melanin production (amelanosis or hypomelanosis).

hypopituitarism
(hi″po-pĭ-too´ĭ-tә-riz″әm) the condition resulting from diminution or cessation of hormonal secretion by the pituitary gland, especially the anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis). Symptoms vary with the degree of dysfunction.

hypoplasia
(hi″po-pla´zhә) incomplete development or underdevelopment of an organ or tissue. adj., hypoplas´tic., adj. focal dermal hypoplasia a hereditary, X-linked, autosomal dominant disorder seen in females, characterized by linear areas of hypoplasia of the skin wi...

hypoplastic anemia
(hi″po-plas´tik) anemia due to incapacity of blood-forming organs. congenital hypoplastic anemia idiopathic progressive anemia occurring in the first year of life, without leukopenia and thrombocytopenia; it is due to an isolated defect in erythropoiesis and is unresponsive...

hypoplastic emphysema
pulmonary emphysema due to a developmental abnormality, resulting in a reduced number of alveoli, which are abnormally large.

hypoplastic left heart syndrome
congenital hypoplasia or atresia of the left ventricle, the aortic or mitral valve, and the ascending aorta, with respiratory distress, cardiac failure, and death in infancy.

hypoplasty
(hi´po-plas″te) hypoplasia.

hypopnea
(hi-pop´ne-ә) abnormal decrease in depth and rate of respiration; see also bradypnea and hypoventilation. adj., hypopne´ic., adj.

hypoporosis
(hi″po-po-ro´sis) deficient callus formation after bone fracture.

hypoposia
(hi″po-po´zhә) abnormally diminished ingestion of fluids.

hypopotassemia
(hi″po-po″tә-se´me-ә) hypokalemia.

hypopraxia
(hi″po-prak´se-ә) abnormally diminished activity.

hypoproteinemia
(hi″po-pro″te-ne´me-ә) deficiency of protein in the blood.

hypoprothrombinemia
(hi″po-pro-throm″bĭ-ne´me-ә) deficiency of prothrombin in the blood.

hypopselaphesia
(hi″pop-sel″ә-fe´zhә) hypoesthesia of the sense of touch.

hypoptyalism
(hi″po-ti´әl-iz″әm) abnormally decreased salivation, as in xerostomia.

hypopyon
(hi-po´pe-on) pus in the anterior chamber of the eye.

hypopyon ulcer
a type of corneal ulcer with creeping central suppurative ulceration and hypopyon, often due to a pneumococcal infection. Called also Saemisch ulcer, serpiginous corneal ulcer, ulcus corneae serpens, and ulcus serpens corneae.

hyporeactive
(hi″po-re-ak´tiv) showing less than normal response to stimuli.

hyporeflexia
(hi″po-re-flek´se-ә) diminution or weakening of reflexes.

hyporeninemia
(hi″po-re″nĭ-ne´me-ә) low levels of renin in the blood.

hyposalivation
(hi″po-sal″ĭ-va´shәn) hypoptyalism.

hyposcleral
(hi″po-skler´әl) beneath the sclera.

hyposecretion
(hi″po-se-kre´shәn) diminished secretion.

hyposensitivity
(hi″po-sen″sĭ-tiv´ĭ-te) abnormally decreased sensitivity. the state of being less sensitive to a specific allergen after repeated and gradually increasing doses of the offending substance. adj., hyposen´sitive., adj.

hyposensitization
(hi″po-sen″sĭ-tĭ-za´shәn) desensitization.

hyposexuality
(hi″po-sek″shoo-al´ĭ-te) abnormally decreased sexual desire; see sexual arousal disorders.

hyposmia
(hi-poz´me-ә) diminished sensitivity of the sense of smell.

hyposmolarity
(hi-poz″mo-lar´i-te) abnormally decreased osmolar concentration of a solution.

hyposomatotropism
(hi″po-so-mat″o-tro´piz-әm) hypophysial infantilism.

hyposomnia
(hi″po-som´ne-ә) reduced time of sleep.

hypospadiac
(hi″po-spa´de-ak) pertaining to hypospadias.

hypospadias
(hi″po-spa´de-әs) a developmental anomaly in which the urethra opens inferior to its normal position, usually in males with the opening on the underside of the penis or on the perineum. Perineal hypospadias is a severe type in which the urethra opens onto the perineum. There is severe deformity of the penis ...

hypospermatogenesis
(hi″po-spur″mә-to-jen´ә-sis) abnormally decreased production of spermatozoa; see also aspermatogenesis.

hyposplenism
(hi″po-splen´iz-әm) diminished functioning of the spleen.

hypostasis
(hi-pos´tә-sis) poor or stagnant circulation of the blood, often with a deposit or sediment, in a dependent part of the body or an organ.

hypostatic
(hi″po-stat´ik) pertaining to, due to, or associated with hypostasis. pertaining to certain inherited traits that are particularly liable to be suppressed by other traits; see epistasis.

hypostatic pneumonia
pneumonia due to dorsal decubitus in weak or aged persons.