Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

HRF
histamine-releasing factor; homologous restriction factor.

HRSA
Health Resources and Services Administration, an agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services.

HSA
human serum albumin.

HSV
herpes simplex virus.

HTLV
human T-lymphotropic virus.

Huchard disease
(u-shahr´) continued arterial hypertension, thought to be a cause of arteriosclerosis.

Huddleson test
an agglutination test for human brucellosis.

Hueter sign
the absence of the transmission of osseous vibration in cases of fracture with fibrous material interposed between the fragments.

Huggins operation
orchiectomy done to treat cancer of the prostate.

Hughes reflex
virile reflex (def. 2).

Hughes-Stovin syndrome
(hūz sto´vin) thrombosis of the pulmonary arteries and peripheral veins, characterized by headache, fever, cough, papilledema, and hemoptysis.

Huguier canal
(u-gya´) a small canal opening into the facial canal just before its termination, transmitting the nerve to the chorda tympani.

Huhner test
(hu´nәr) determination of the number and condition of spermatozoa in mucus aspirated from the canal of the cervix uteri within 2 hours after coitus.

hum
(hum) a low, steady, prolonged sound. venous hum a continuous blowing, singing, or humming murmur heard on auscultation over the right jugular vein in the sitting or erect position; it is an innocent sign that is obliterated on assumption of the recumbent position or on exerting ...

human bite
the biting of one person by another. Any bite that penetrates the skin should be considered dangerous because a human bite can be contaminated with both aerobic and anaerobic organisms.

human diploid cell vaccine
rabies vaccine prepared from rabies virus grown in cultures of human diploid embryo lung cells and inactivated; administered intramuscularly or intradermally.

Human Genome Project
an international effort to map the sequence and analyze the structure of all the DNA in the human genome and make available the information obtained.

human herpesvirus 1
a virus of the genus Simplexvirus that is the etiologic agent of Type 1 herpes simplex (herpes labialis). Primary infection usually occurs in early childhood and is often asymptomatic, although gingivostomatitis and pharyngitis may occur. Called also herpes simplex virus 1.

human herpesvirus 2
a virus of the genus Simplexvirus that is the etiologic agent of Type 2 herpes simplex (genital herpes). Called also herpes simplex virus 2.

human herpesvirus 3
a virus of the genus Varicellovirus that is the etiologic agent of chickenpox and herpes zoster.

human herpesvirus 4
Epstein-Barr virus.

human herpesvirus 5
the sole species of the genus Cytomegalovirus, the cause of cytomegalic inclusion disease.

human herpesvirus 6
a species of virus that is the etiologic agent of exanthema subitum; although most healthy adults carry the virus without having any symptoms.

human herpesvirus 8
a species that has been implicated as a causative agent of Kaposi sarcoma.

human immunodeficiency virus
(HIV) either of two species of lentiviruses that cause acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). HIV-1 is found around the world and HIV-2 is found primarily in West Africa. Progression of HIV-2 infection to AIDS is generally slower and less extreme than that of HIV-1. The virus is believed to induce permanent in...

human leukocyte antigens
HLA antigens.

human parainfluenza virus 1
a virus of the genus Paramyxovirus that causes croup in young children and mild upper respiratory infections in older children and adults. Called also acute laryngotracheobronchitis virus, CA virus, and croup-associated virus.

human parainfluenza virus 2
a virus of the genus Rubulavirus that causes croup in young children. Called also acute laryngotracheobronchitis virus, CA virus, and croup-associated virus.

human parainfluenza virus 3
a virus of the genus Paramyxovirus that causes croup and lower respiratory tract infections in young children.

human parainfluenza virus 4
a virus of the genus Rubulavirus that causes upper respiratory infections, chiefly in young children.

human respiratory syncytial virus
see respiratory syncytial v's.

human T-cell leukemia virus
human T-cell lymphotropic virus former names for human T-lymphotropic virus.

human T-lymphotropic virus
(HTLV) any of several related species of retroviruses that have an affinity for the helper cell type of T lymphocytes. HTLV-1 causes chronic infection and is associated with adult T-cell leukemia and a type of myelopathy. HTLV-2 has been isolated from an atypical variant of hairy cell leukemia and from patients with oth...

humectant
(hu-mek´tәnt) moistening. a moistening or diluent medicine.

humeral bone
humerus.

humeral joint
glenohumeral joint.

humeroradial
(hu″mәr-o-ra´de-әl) pertaining to the humerus and radius.

humeroscapular
(hu″mәr-o-skap´u-lәr) pertaining to the humerus and scapula.

humeroulnar
(hu″mәr-o-ul´nәr) pertaining to the humerus and ulna.

humerus
(hu´mәr-әs) pl. hu´meri the bone of the upper arm, extending from shoulder to elbow, consisting of a shaft with enlargements at both ends. The end near the shoulder has a smooth round head that articulates with the scapula to form the shoulder joint. On the shaft just below that are two rounded processes call...

humidification therapy
the therapeutic use of air supersaturated with water to prevent or correct a moisture deficit in the respiratory tract; called also humidity therapy.

humidifier
(hu-mid´ĭ-fi″әr) an apparatus for controlling humidity by adding moisture to the air.

humidifier fever
a syndrome of malaise, fever, cough, and myalgia, caused by inhalation of air that has been passed through humidifiers, dehumidifiers, or air conditioners contaminated by fungi, amebas, or thermophilic actinomycetes. See also humidifier lung.

humidifier lung
hypersensitivity pneumonitis caused by inhalation of air that has been passed through humidifiers, dehumidifiers, or air conditioners contaminated by any of a variety of fungi, amebas, or thermophilic actinomycetes. See also humidifier fever.

humidity
(hu-mid´ĭ-te) dampness or moisture in the air. relative humidity. absolute humidity the actual amount of vapor in the atmosphere, expressed in milligrams per liter. relative humidity the percentage of moisture in the air as compared to th...

humidity therapy
humidification therapy.

humoral amplification systems
a collective term for the four enzyme cascades—the complement, coagulation, fibrinolytic, and kinin systems—that serve as amplification and control mechanisms in hemostasis, inflammation, and tissue repair.

humoral immunity
immunity mediated by antibodies.At the time a substance enters the body and is interpreted as foreign, antibodies are released from plasma cells and enter the body fluids where they can react with the specific antigens for which they were formed. There are two types of humoral immune response: the primary response begins immedi...

hump
(hump) a rounded eminence; called also gibbus. buffalo hump obesity confined to the neck, head, and trunk; seen in Cushing syndrome. dowager's hump popular name for dorsal kyphosis caused by multiple wedge fractures of the thoracic vertebrae seen in osteopo...

hunger
(hung´gәr) a craving, as for food. air hunger Kussmaul respiration.

hunger center
feeding center.

hunger disease
hungry disease excessive hunger accompanied by weakness and nervousness caused by the hypoglycemia of hyperinsulinism.

hunger pain
pain coming on at the time for feeling hunger for a meal; a symptom of gastric disorder.

hungry bone syndrome
a condition seen after parathyroidectomy in patients who had had hyperparathyroidism; rapid deposition of calcium in bones leads to hypocalcemia.

Hunner ulcer
one involving all layers of the bladder wall, seen in interstitial cystitis.

Hunt atrophy
neuropathic atrophy of the small muscles of the hand unattended by sensory disturbance.

Hunt neuralgia
Ramsay Hunt syndrome.

Hunt paradoxical phenomenon
in dystonia musculorum deformans, if the examiner attempts forcible plantar flexion of the foot that is in dorsal spasm there will be increase of the dorsal spasm, but if the patient tries to extend the foot there will be plantar flexion.

Hunt syndrome
(hunt) Ramsay Hunt syndrome.

Hunter canal
(hun´tәr) a fascial tunnel in the middle third of the medial part of the thigh, containing the femoral vessels and saphenous nerve. Called also adductor canal.

Hunter operation
a former method of treating aneurysm, consisting of ligation of the artery on the proximal side of the aneurysm above the first collateral.

Hunter syndrome
(hun´tәr) a mucopolysaccharidosis caused by deficiency of iduronate-2-sulfatase, characterized by excretion of dermatan sulfate and heparan sulfate in the urine; it differs clinically from Hurler syndrome by (1) X-linked inheritance; (2) slower progression, less severity, and longer survival (thus resembling the H...

Huntington chorea
(hun´ting-tәn) Huntington disease a rare hereditary disease characterized by quick involuntary movements, speech disturbances, and mental deterioration due to degenerative changes in the cerebral cortex and basal ganglia; it appears in adulthood, usually between the ages of 30 and 45.

Huntington operation
transabdominal repair of a chronically inverted uterus. It is done by grasping the invaginated portion of the uterus with forceps; as the uterus is pulled up, additional forceps are placed sequentially lower down, and upward traction is applied. After the uterus is in place, the position is maintained by packing through t...

Huntington sign
the patient lies supine, with lower limbs hanging over the edge of a table, and is told to cough. If the coughing produces flexion of the thigh and extension of a paralyzed lower limb, it indicates that the paralysis is due to an upper motor neuron lesion.

Hurler disease
(hur´lәr) Hurler syndrome.

Hurler syndrome
(hur´lәr) the most common form of mucopolysaccharidosis; individuals have characteristic facial deformities, dwarfism, severe bodily and skeletal changes, mental retardation, cloudy corneas, deafness, cardiovascular defects, enlargement of the liver and spleen, and joint contractures. It is an inherited disorder c...

Hurler-Scheie syndrome
(hur´lәr sha´) one of the three allelic disorders of mucopolysaccharidosis I, with clinical features intermediate between the Hurler and the Scheie syndromes, caused by deficiency of L-iduronidase, and specifically characterized by receding chin (micrognathism). Symptoms include mental retardation, dwarfism, ...

Hurst disease
(hurst) acute necrotizing hemorrhagic encephalomyelitis.

Huschke canal
(hoosh´kә) a canal formed by the tubercles of the tympanic ring, usually disappearing during childhood.

husk
(husk) an outer covering or shell, as of some fruits and seeds. psyllium husk the cleaned, dried seed coat from the seeds of Plantago species; used as a bulk-forming laxative.

Hutchinson disease
(huch´in-sәn) angioma serpiginosum. Tay choroiditis.

Hutchinson pupil
one that is dilated while the other is not.

Hutchinson sign
interstitial keratitis and a dull-red discoloration of the cornea in congenital syphilis. Hutchinson teeth. Hutchinson triad.

Hutchinson syndrome
(huch´in-sәn) Hutchinson triad the combination of diffuse interstitial keratitis, disease of the labyrinth, and Hutchinson teeth, seen in congenital syphilis.

Hutchinson teeth
abnormal teeth seen in congenital syphilis, in which the permanent incisors have a screwdriver-like shape, sometimes with notching of the incisal edges.

Hutchinson-Gilford syndrome
(huch´in-sәn gil´fәrd) progeria.

Hutchison syndrome
(huch´ĭ-sәn) neuroblastoma with metastases to the skull.

Hutinel disease
(u-te-nel´) tuberculous pericarditis with cirrhosis of the liver in children.

HVL
half-value layer.

HX bodies
Birbeck granules.

hyalin
(hi´ә-lin) a translucent albuminoid substance obtainable from the products of amyloid degeneration.

hyaline
(hi´ә-lēn) glassy and translucent.

hyaline bodies
drusen.

hyaline cartilage
flexible, somewhat elastic, semitransparent cartilage with an opalescent bluish tint, composed of a basophilic fibril-containing substance with cavities in which the chondrocytes occur.

hyaline degeneration
a regressive change in cells in which the cytoplasm takes on a homogeneous, glassy appearance; also used loosely to describe the histologic appearance of tissues.

hyaline membrane
a membrane between the outer root sheath and inner fibrous layer of a hair follicle. a homogeneous eosinophilic membrane lining alveolar ducts and alveoli, frequently found at autopsy of infants that were preterm. See also hyaline membrane disease.

hyaline membrane disease
a disorder usually seen in premature babies, characterized by formation of a hyalinlike membrane lining the terminal respiratory passages. Babies with this disease do not secrete enough surfactant in the alveoli of their lungs; surfactant normally should decrease the surface tension of the fluids lining the alveoli and bronchio...

hyalinization
(hi″ә-lin″ĭ-za´shәn) conversion into a substance resembling glass.

hyalinosis
(hi″ә-lin-o´sis) hyaline degeneration.

hyalinuria
(hi″ә-lĭ-nu´re-ә) hyalin in the urine.

hyalitis
(hi″ә-li´tis) inflammation of the vitreous body; called also vitreitis and vitritis. asteroid hyalitis hyalitis marked by spherical or star-shaped bodies in the vitreous; see also Benson disease. hyalitis punctata a form marked by small opacitie...

hyalohyphomycosis
(hi″ә-lo-hi″fo-mi-ko´sis) a hyphomycosis caused by mycelial fungi with colorless walls; most are opportunistic.

hyaloid
(hi´ә-loid) hyaline.

hyaloid artery
a fetal vessel that continues forward from the central artery of retina through the vitreous body to supply the lens; it normally is not present after birth.

hyaloid canal
a passage running from in front of the optic disk to the lens of the eye; in the fetus, it transmits the hyaloid artery.

hyaloid fossa
a depression in the front of the vitreous body, lodging the lens.

hyalomere
(hi´ә-lo-mēr″) the pale, homogeneous portion of a blood platelet.

Hyalomma
(hi″ә-lom´ә) a genus of ticks found on humans and other animals, primarily in hot and dry regions of Southern Europe, Africa, and Asia, serving as vectors for numerous diseases.

hyalonyxis
(hi″ә-lo-nik´sis) surgical puncture of the vitreous body.