Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

heterophagy
(het″әr-of´ә-je) the taking into a cell of exogenous material by phagocytosis or pinocytosis and the digestion of the ingested material after fusion of the newly formed vacuole with a lysosome.

heterophasia
(het″әr-o-fa´zhә) heterolalia.

heterophil
(het´әr-o-fil″) a finely granular polymorphonuclear leukocyte, represented in humans by the neutrophil, but in other mammals by granules having variable sizes and staining characteristics. heterophilic (def. 1). heterophile.

heterophile
(het´әr-o-fīl″) said of a group of cross-reacting antigens found in several species and having a species distribution that does not correspond to phylogenetic relationships or to antibody directed against such antigens. Called also heterophil.

heterophile antibody
a characteristic antibody found with infectious mononucleosis, demonstrated in 90 to 95 per cent of adolescents and adults and 50 per cent of children with the disease. It declines in titer after acute illness has resolved but may be detectable for up to 9 months after disease onset.

heterophile antibody test
any of several tests for heterophile antibodies associated with infectious mononucleosis; the most common ones are the monospot test and the Paul-Bunnell-Davidsohn test.

heterophilic
(het″әr-o-fil´ik) having affinity for other antigens or antibodies besides the one for which it is specific. staining with a type of stain other than the usual one.

heterophoria
(het″әr-o-for´e-ә) failure of the visual axes to remain parallel after the visual fusional stimuli have been eliminated. The various forms of heterophoria are spoken of as phorias, with their direction indicated by an appropriate prefix, such as cyclophoria, esophoria, exophoria, hyperphoria, and hypop...

heterophthalmia
(het″әr-of-thal´me-ә) difference in the direction of the axes, or in the color, of the two eyes.

Heterophyes
(het″әr-of´e-ēz) a genus of tiny flukes found in the middle third of the small intestines of humans and certain other mammals; various species are found from Egypt and Turkey across Asia to Japan and the Philippines.

heteroplasia
(het″әr-o-pla´zhә) replacement of normal by abnormal tissues; malposition of normal cells. adj., heteroplas´tic, adj. . progressive osseous heteroplasia osteoma cutis.

heteroploid
(het´әr-o-ploid″) characterized by heteroploidy. an individual or cell with an abnormal number of chromosomes.

heteroploidy
(het´әr-o-ploi″de) the state of having an abnormal number of chromosomes.

heteropsia
(het″әr-op´se-ә) unequal vision in the two eyes.

heterosexual
(het″әr-o-sek´shoo-әl) pertaining to, characteristic of, or directed toward the opposite sex. a person with erotic interests directed toward the opposite sex. contrasexual (def. 1).

heterosexuality
(het″әr-o-sek″shoo-al´ĭ-te) sexual attraction to or activity with persons of the opposite sex.

heterosis
(het″әr-o´sis) the existence, in the first generation hybrid, of greater vigor than is shown by either parent, as measured by growth, survival, or fertility; it is usually a reflection if increased heterozygosity. Called also hybrid vigor.

heterosuggestion
(het″әr-o-sәg-jes´chәn) suggestion received from another person, as opposed to autosuggestion.

heterotaxia
(het″әr-o-tak´se-ә) abnormal position of viscera.

heterotaxy syndrome
a variable set of complex congenital anomalies of the gastrointestinal and cardiovascular systems that results from heterotaxia of the abdominal and thoracic viscera.

heterotherm
(het´әr-o-thәrm″) an animal that exhibits heterothermy.

heterothermy
(het´әr-o-thur″me) the exhibition of widely different body temperatures at different times or under different conditions, as in animals during hibernation. adj., heterother´mic., adj.

heterotonia
(het″әr-o-to´ne-ә) a state characterized by variations in tension or tone. adj., heteroton´ic, adj. .

heterotopia
(het″әr-o-to´pe-ә) displacement or misplacement of parts. adj., heterotop´ic, adj. .

heterotopic ossification
the formation of bone in abnormal locations, usually due to pathology at the site or elsewhere.

heterotopic transplantation
transplantation of tissue typical of one area to a different recipient site.

heterotransplant
(het″әr-o-trans´plant) tissue taken from one animal and transplanted into one of a different species. heterologous graft.

heterotransplantation
(het″әr-o-trans″plan-ta´shәn) xenogeneic transplantation.

heterotrichosis
(het″әr-o-trĭ-ko´sis) growth of hairs of different colors on the body.

heterotroph
(het´әr-o-trōf″) a heterotrophic organism.

heterotrophic
(het″әr-o-tro´fik) unable to synthesize metabolic products from inorganic materials; requiring complex organic substances (growth factors) for nutrition.

heterotropia
(het″әr-o-tro´pe-ә) failure of the visual axes to remain parallel when fusion is possible; see also strabismus.

heterotypic
(het″ә-ro-tip´ik) pertaining to, characteristic of, or belonging to a type different from the one being discussed or examined. adj., heterotyp´ical., adj.

heteroxenous
(het″әr-ok´sә-nәs) requiring more than one host to complete the life cycle; said of certain parasites.

heterozygosity
(het″әr-o-zi-gos´ĭ-te) the state of having pairs of different alleles one or more loci. adj., heterozy´gous., adj.

heterozygote
(het″әr-o-zi´gōt) an individual exhibiting heterozygosity. manifesting heterozygote a female heterozygous for an X-linked disorder in whom, because of unfavorable X inactivation, the trait is expressed clinically with the same severity as in hemizygous affected m...

Heubner endarteritis
(hoib´nәr) Heubner disease syphilitic endarteritis of the cerebral vessels.

Heubner-Herter disease
(hoib´nәr hur´tәr) celiac disease in infants.

hexachlorophene
(hek″sә-klor´o-fēn) a detergent and germicidal compound commonly incorporated in soaps and dermatologic agents.

hexad
(hek´sad) a group or combination of six similar or related entities. an element with a valence of six.

hexavalent
(hek″sә-va´lәnt) having a valence of six.

hexaxial reference system
a series of lines used in electrocardiography to describe the potentials of the heart in the frontal plane by diagramming vectors that represent the standard bipolar limb leads and the augmented unipolar limb leads. See accompanying illustration.

hexokinase
(hek″so-ki´nās) an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a high-energy phosphate group of a donor to D-glucose, producing D-glucose-6-phosphate.

hexosamine
(hek-sōs´ә-mēn) a nitrogenous sugar in which an amino group replaces a hydroxyl group.

hexosaminidase
(hek″sōs-ә-min´ĭ-dās) any of the enzymes that cleave hexosamines or acetylated hexosamines from gangliosides or other glycosides. a specific member of this group that acts on keratan sulfate and ganglioside GM2 and related compounds.

hexose
(hek´sōs) a monosaccharide containing six carbon atoms in a molecule. hexose monophosphate an ester of glucose with phosphoric acid that aids in the absorption of sugars and is important in carbohydrate metabolism.

hexylresorcinol
(hek″sәl-rә-sor´sĭ-nol) a phenol compound with bactericidal properties used as an antiseptic in mouthwashes and skin wound cleansers.

Hey amputation
Hey operation amputation of the foot between the tarsus and metatarsus.

Hey hernia
Cooper hernia.

Hey ligament
(ha) falciform process (def. 1).

Hf
hafnium.

Hg
mercury (L. hydrargy´rum).

Hgb
hemoglobin.

HGH
hGH human growth hormone.

HHH syndrome
hyperornithinemia-hyperammonemia-homocitrullinuria syndrome.

HHS
Department of Health and Human Services, a department of the United States Government.

HI test
hemagglutination inhibition test.

hiatal hernia
herniation of an abdominal organ, usually part of the stomach, through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm. It occurs in two major anatomic patterns: the more common sliding hiatal hernia and the paraesophageal hernia.

hiatus
(hi-a´tәs) Latin word meaning an opening, gap, or cleft. adj., hia´tal, adj. . aortic hiatus , hiatus aorticus the opening in the diaphragm through which the aorta and thoracic duct pass. Inferior view of th...

Hib
Haemophilus influenzae, type b.

Hibbs operation
a spinal fusion operation done by fracturing the spinous processes of the vertebrae and pressing the tip of each downward to rest in the denuded area caused by the fracture of its elbow below.

hibernation
(hi″bәr-na´shәn) a dormant state in which certain animals pass the winter, marked by deep sleep and sharp reduction in body temperature and metabolism. artificial hibernation a state of reduced metabolism, muscle relaxation, and a twilight sleep resembling narcosis, prod...

hibernoma
(hi″bәr-no´mә) a rare, benign, encapsulated lipoma arising from vestiges of brown fat resembling that in certain hibernating animals; it is a small, lobulated, nontender lesion usually on the mediastinum or intrascapular region of female adults.

hiccough
(hik´әp) hiccup.

hiccup
(hik´әp) spasmodic involuntary contraction of the diaphragm, resulting in uncontrolled breathing in of air; it is accompanied by a peculiar noise produced by a beginning inhalation that is suddenly checked by closure of the glottis.

Hickey-Hare test
(for diabetes insipidus) intravenous infusion of hypertonic saline after establishment of water diuresis induces antidiuresis in normal subjects but not in patients with diabetes insipidus.

Hickman catheter
a type of central venous catheter used for long term administration of substances via the venous system, such as antibiotics, total parenteral nutrition, or chemotherapeutic agents; it can be used for continuous or intermittent administration and may have either a single or a double lumen.

hickory-stick fracture
greenstick fracture.

Hicks syndrome
(hiks) hereditary sensory radicular neuropathy.

HIDA scan
a type of scan using a technetium 99m complex to assess hepatobiliary function.

hidradenitis
(hi″drad-ә-ni´tis) inflammation of the sweat glands. hidradenitis suppurativa a severe, chronic, recurrent pus-producing infection of the apocrine sweat glands.

hidradenocarcinoma
(hi-drad″ә-no-kahr″sĭ-no´mә) a type of adnexal carcinoma arising in a sweat gland.

hidradenoid
(hi-drad´ә-noid) resembling a sweat gland; having components resembling elements of a sweat gland.

hidradenoma
(hi-drad″ә-no´mә) any of various adnexal tumors whose components resemble epithelial elements of sweat glands; they may be nodular (solid) or papillary.

hidroacanthoma
(hi″dro-ak″an-tho´mә) a type of eccrine adenoma.

hidrocystoma
(hi″dro-sis-to´mә) a retention cyst of a sweat gland. syringocystadenoma.

hidroschesis
(hi-dros´kә-sis) anhidrosis.

hidrotic
(hi-drot´ik) (hĭ-drot´ik) sudoriparous. diaphoretic.

hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia
an autosomal dominant disorder, characterized by ectodermal dysplasia associated with dystrophic, hypoplastic, or absent teeth, hypotrichosis, hyperpigmentation of the skin over joints, hyperkeratosis of the palms and soles, and occasionally small teeth with extensive decay. Called also Clouston syndrome.

high blood pressure
hypertension.

high calorie diet
one that furnishes more calories than needed to maintain weight, often more than 3500–4000 calories per day.

high efficiency membrane
a hemodialyzer membrane that has clearance characteristics that increase progressively with increases in dialysis blood flow rates; this usually implies that the membrane is not a high flux membrane.

high energy phosphate bond
an energy-rich phosphate linkage present in adenosine triphosphate (ATP), phosphocreatine, and certain other biological molecules. On hydrolysis at pH 7 it yields about 8000 calories per mole, in contrast to the 3000 calories yielded by phosphate esters. The bond stores energy that is used to drive biochemical processes, ...

high energy sulfur bond
an energy-rich sulfur linkage, the most important of which occurs in the acetyl-CoA molecule, the main source of energy in fatty acid biosynthesis.

high fat diet
one that furnishes more than 35 per cent of its total calories from fats; see also ketogenic diet.

high fiber diet
one high in dietary fiber (typically more than 24 g daily), which decreases bowel transit time and relieves constipation.

high flux membrane
a hemodialyzer membrane that has a high permeability to fluids and solutes and thus a high rate of clearance of fluids and solutes composed of large molecules.

high grade atrioventricular block
either second or third degree atrioventricular block.

high mobility group proteins
HMG proteins a highly conserved family of small nonhistone nucleoproteins that bind DNA and are involved in controlling transcription. They are important for growth and development, and are regulated by cell cycle–dependent phosphorylation.

high protein diet
one containing large amounts of protein, consisting largely of meats, fish, milk, legumes, and nuts.

high-altitude sickness
altitude sickness.

high-density lipoprotein
(HDL) any of a class of lipoproteins that are synthesized by the liver and promote transport of cholesterol to the liver for excretion in the bile. High levels of cholesterol in the blood mean increased risk of ischemic heart disease. Because low-density lipoproteins carry most of the cholesterol, high serum levels of t...

high-frequency hearing loss
high-tone hearing loss sensorineural hearing loss of tones at high frequencies, most commonly seen with noise-induced hearing loss.

high-frequency ventilation
a technique of mechanical ventilation that uses very high rates (over 80 breaths per minute) and small tidal volumes (equal to or less than dead space); it may either be positive pressure ventilation or be delivered in the form of frequent jets of air. It is used to lower the peak airway pressure applied to the lung, thus...

high-grade
(hi´grād´) occurring near the high end of a range, as of a malignancy.

high-output heart failure
that in which cardiac output remains high, associated with conditions such as hyperthyroidism, anemia, and emphysema.

high-power field
the area of a slide visible under the high magnification system of a microscope.

highest intercostal artery
supreme intercostal artery.

highest intercostal vein
the first posterior intercostal vein of either side, which passes over the apex of the lung and ends in the brachiocephalic, vertebral, or superior intercostal vein.

highly selective vagotomy
division of only those vagal fibers supplying the acid-secreting glands of the stomach, with preservation of those supplying the antrum as well as of the hepatic and celiac branches.