Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

hamartia
(ham-ahr´shә) a defect of tissue combination during development.

hamartoblastoma
(ham-ahr″to-blas-to´mә) a tumor developing from a hamartoma.

hamartoma
(ham″ahr-to´mә) a benign tumorlike nodule composed of an overgrowth of mature cells and tissues normally present in the affected part, but often with one element predominating.

hamartomatous
(ham″ahr-to´mә-tәs) pertaining to a disturbance in growth of a tissue in which the cells of a circumscribed area outstrip those of the surrounding areas.

hamate
(ham´āt) shaped like a hook, as is the hamate bone. See also uncinate.

hamate bone
the medial carpal bone in the row of carpal bones occurring closer to the fingers and farther from the wrist.

Hamilton test
when the shoulder joint is luxated, a rule or straight rod applied to the humerus can be made to touch the outer condyle and the acromion at the same time.

Hamman disease
(ham´әn) interstitial emphysema of the lungs due to spontaneous rupture of the alveoli.

Hamman sign
a precordial crunching, clicking, or knocking sound, synchronous with each heart beat, heard on auscultation in such conditions as acute mediastinitis, pneumomediastinum, and pneumothorax. Called also Hamman murmur.

Hamman syndrome
(ham´әn) pneumomediastinum.

Hamman-Rich syndrome
(ham´әn rich´) idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Hammar myoid cells
myoid cells (def. 2).

hammer
(ham´әr) an instrument with a head designed for striking blows. malleus. percussion hammer a small hammer, usually with a rubber head, for performing percussion.

hammer finger
mallet f.

hammer toe
deformity of a toe in which the proximal phalanx is extended and the second and distal phalanges are flexed, causing a clawlike appearance; it most often affects the second toe.

Hammond disease
(ham´әnd) athetosis.

hamstring
(ham´string) one of the tendons that laterally and medially bound the depression in the popliteal fossa (posterior region of the knee). inner hamstrings the tendons of the gracilis, sartorius, and two other muscles of the lower limb. outer hamstring the ten...

hamstring muscles
the muscles of the back of the thigh: biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus muscles.

hamulus
(ham´u-lәs) pl. ham´uli Latin word meaning hook. In anatomy, it is used for a long, thin, curved structure.

hand
(hand) the terminal part of the upper limb of a human or a nonhuman primate.

Hand disease
(hand) Hand-Schüller-Christian disease.

hand mirror–cell leukemia
a rare form characterized by excessive numbers of abnormal, hand mirror–shaped mononuclear cells, usually occurring in females and relatively resistant to treatment. High blast cell counts and central nervous system involvement are common.

hand-arm vibration syndrome
a common occupational disease consisting of acrocyanosis in a person experiencing prolonged repetitive hand and arm vibrations. Called also dead finger and vibration white finger.

hand-foot syndrome
a syndrome of erythema and dysesthesias of touch in the palms and soles, followed by desquamation; seen as a reaction to certain chemotherapeutic agents. Called also acral, palmar-plantar, or palmoplantar erythrodysesthesia and palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome.

hand-foot-and-mouth disease
a mild, highly infectious viral disease of children, with vesicular lesions in the mouth and on the hands and feet.

hand-foot-uterus syndrome
a congenital syndrome consisting of small feet with unusually short great toes, abnormal thumbs, and, in females, duplication of the genital tract.

Hand-Schüller-Christian disease
(hand shūl´әr kris´chәn) a chronic, slowly progressive variant of the multifocal form of Langerhans cell histiocytosis, characterized by granulomatous lesions with histiocyte proliferation involving mainly the bones and skin; it affects children and young adults. The three classic symptoms are softened ...

Hand-Schüller-Christian syndrome
(hand shūl´әr kris´chәn) the triad of cranial defects, exophthalmos, and diabetes insipidus sometimes found in multifocal Langerhans cell histiocytosis.

hand-shoulder syndrome
shoulder-hand syndrome.

handedness
(hand´әd-nis) the preferential use of the hand of one side in all voluntary motor acts; see also dextrality and sinistrality.

handicap
(han´dĭ-kap) a term now considered offensive, used to refer to any physical or mental impairment or characteristic that prevents or restricts a person from participating independently in activities of daily living. the term is defined by the World Health Organization as a disadvantage that interferes with p...

hanging-drop culture
a culture in which the material to be cultivated is inoculated into a drop of fluid attached to a coverglass inverted over a hollow slide.

hangman's fracture
fracture through the pedicles of the axis (C2) with or without subluxation of the second cervical vertebra on the third.

hangnail
(hang´nāl) a shred of cuticle at one side of a nail; it is prevented by gently pushing the cuticle instead of cutting it, and is treated by clipping off the shred of skin and applying antiseptic to prevent infection.

hangover
(hang´o-ver) unpleasant symptoms that occur 4 to 6 hours after excessive ingestion of alcohol; see alcoholism.

Hanhart syndrome
(hahn´hahrt) any of several syndromes of variable inheritance, characterized chiefly by severe micrognathia, high nose root, small eyelid fissures, low-set ears, and variable absence of digits or limbs, usually below the elbow or knee.

Hanot-Chauffard syndrome
(ahn-o´ sho-fahr´) hypertrophic cirrhosis with pigmentation and diabetes mellitus.

Hansen bacillus
(han´sәn) Mycobacterium leprae.

Hansen disease
(han´sәn) leprosy.

Hantaan virus
a virus of the genus Hantavirus that causes epidemic hemorrhagic fever in Asia; its reservoir is a species of mouse.

Hantavirus
(han´tә-vi″rәs) a genus of viruses that cause epidemic hemorrhagic fever and pneumonia in humans, probably after they have had contact with the waste products of rodents.

hantavirus
(han´tә-vi″rәs) any virus of the genus Hantavirus.

hantavirus pulmonary syndrome
a sometimes fatal febrile illness caused by a hantavirus, characterized by variable respiratory symptoms followed by acute respiratory distress, sometimes progressing to respiratory failure.

Hanzalova virus
a strain of Central European encephalitis virus, antigenically very similar or identical to Hypr virus, first isolated in the Czech Republic.

haphalgesia
(haf″al-je´ze-ә) pain on touching objects.

haphephobia
(haf″e-fo´be-ә) irrational fear of being touched.

haploid
(hap´loid) having a single set of chromosomes, representing the normal complement of the species, as found in prokaryotes and in eukaryotic gametes. In humans, the haploid number, n, is 23. See also diploid.

haploidentity
(hap″lo-i-den´tĭ-te) the condition of having the same antigenic phenotype at certain specified loci; said of donor-recipient combinations in transplantation studies.

haploidy
(hap´loi-de) the state of being haploid.

haploscope
(hap´lo-skōp) an instrument that presents two separate views to the two eyes so that the views may be seen as one integrated view; it is used to measure, test, or stimulate various binocular functions. adj., haploscop´ic, adj. .

haplotype
(hap´lo-tīp) a set of alleles of a group of closely linked genes, such as the HLA complex, which are usually inherited as a unit, an individual inheriting one from each parent. the genetic constitution of an individual at a set of linked genes.

happy puppet syndrome
Angelman syndrome.

hapten
(hap´tәn) a small molecule, not antigenic by itself, that can react with specific antibodies and elicit the formation of such antibodies when conjugated to a larger antigenic molecule, usually a protein, called in this context the carrier. Antibody production involves activation of B lymphocytes by the hapte...

hapten inhibition test
serologic characterization of an antigenic determinant by employing known haptens to mask the antigen binding site of antibody specific for it.

haptic
(hap´tik) tactile.

haptic hallucination
tactile hallucination.

haptics
(hap´tiks) the study of the sense of touch.

haptoglobin
(hap″to-glo´bin) a group of serum alpha2-globulin glycoproteins that bind free hemoglobin; three phenotypes, with differing abilities to bind hemoglobin, are distinguished electrophoretically.

Harada disease
(hah-rah´dah) Harada syndrome (hah-rah´dah) Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome.

hard contact lens
a contact lens that maintains its shape without support and absorbs little or no water; it may be gas-permeable or non–gas-permeable. Called also hydrophobic or rigid contact lens.

hard metal disease
a pneumoconiosis caused by inhalation of fine particles of cobalt, usually in conjunction with tungsten carbide. In early stages reversible hyperplasia and metaplasia of the bronchial epithelium are seen; later, subacute alveolitis and then chronic interstitial fibrosis develop. Called also tungsten carbide disease and co...

hard pulse
high-tension pulse one with a gradual impulse, long duration, slow subsidence, and a firm state of the artery between beats.

HARD syndrome
Walker-Warburg syndrome.

hardening
(hahr´dәn-ing) sclerosis. the process of making more firm. hardening of arteries popular term for arteriosclerosis.

Hare syndrome
(hār) Pancoast syndrome (def. 1).

harelip
(hār´lip) former name for cleft lip.

harelip suture
a figure-of-eight suture used in the correction of cleft lip.

harlequin fetus
an infant with a severe and dramatic form of congenital ichthyosis, manifested by hyperkeratosis with rigid skin; death usually occurs in the first six weeks of life.

harlequin ichthyosis
the ichthyosis affecting a harlequin fetus.

harlequin sign
reddening of the lower half of the laterally recumbent body and blanching of the upper half, due to temporary vasomotor disturbance in newborn infants.

harmonic acceleration test
rotation of a patient in a chair in the darkness, with monitoring of eye movements; with normal vestibulo-ocular reflexes the eyes should undergo similar rotatory nystagmus in both eyes in the direction opposite to that of the rotation.

harness
(hahr´nis) a support device used to immobilize a body part or hold it in position. Pavlik harness a device used to correct hip dislocations in infants with developmental dysplasia of the hip, consisting of a set of straps that hold the hips in flexion and abduction.

Harris syndrome
(har´is) hyperinsulinism due to organic endogenous factors, such as insulinoma, manifested by hypoglycemia, weakness, perspiration, jitteriness, tachycardia, mental confusion, and disturbances of vision.

Harrison spot test
(for bilirubin in urine) add to 10 mL of urine 5 mL of a 10 per cent solution of barium chloride, mix, and filter. Spread filter paper on dry filter paper. Add one to two drops of Fouchet reagent (trichloroacetic acid 25 g, water 100 mL, and 10 per cent solution of ferric chloride 10 mL); a positive reaction gives a blue ...

Harting bodies
deposits of calcium (calcospherites) in the cerebral capillaries.

Hartley-Krause operation
excision of the gasserian ganglion and its roots to relieve trigeminal neuralgia; of historical interest.

Hartmann operation
(hahrt´mahn) resection of a diseased portion of the colon, with the proximal end of the colon brought out as a colostomy and the distal stump or rectum being closed by suture. Bowel continuity can later be restored.

Hartmannella
(hahrt″mәn-el´ә) a genus of free-living protozoa found in fresh water and soil, species of which can cause primary amebic meningoencephalitis, especially in immunocompromised hosts.

hartmannelliasis
(hahrt″mә-nel-i´ә-sis) infection with Hartmannella.

Hartnup disease
(hahrt´nәp) Hartnup syndrome (hahrt´nәp) a genetically determined disorder of intestinal and renal transport of neutral alpha-amino acids, with skin lesions similar to those of pellagra, transient cerebellar ataxia, amino acids in the urine, and other biochemical abnormalities.

harvest
(hahr´vәst) to remove tissues or cells from a donor for transplantation.

harvest fever
a type of leptospirosis affecting harvest workers, characterized by fever, conjunctivitis, stupor, diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pains. Called also field fever.

harvester's lung
farmer's lung.

Hashimoto disease
(hah″she-mo´tō) Hashimoto thyroiditis a progressive type of autoimmune thyroiditis characterized by goiter and gradually developing hypothyroidism with lymphocytic infiltration of the gland and circulating antithyroid antibodies; women are most commonly affected, and there is a familial predisposition to the d...

hashish
(hă-shēsh´) a preparation of resin scraped from the flowering tops of the plant Cannabis sativa, smoked or chewed for its intoxicating effects; it is far more potent than marijuana.

hashitoxicosis
(hash″ĭ-tok″sĭ-ko´sis) excessive functional activity of the thyroid gland in patients with Hashimoto disease, in whom decreased thyroid function would ordinarily be expected.

Hassall body
Hassall corpuscles spherical or ovoid bodies found in the medulla of the thymus, composed of concentric arrays of epithelial cells which contain keratohyalin and bundles of cytoplasmic filaments. Called also concentric, Leber, or thymus corpuscles.

hatchet
(hach´әt) a bibeveled or single beveled cutting dental instrument having its cutting edge in line with the axis of its blade; used for breaking down tooth structures undermined by caries, for smoothing cavity walls, and for sharpening line and point angles.

hatching test
(for schistosomiasis) live schistosome eggs in urine or feces can be detected when they hatch to produce miracidia when placed in water; the miracidia are attracted to light and can readily be identified.

Haudek sign
a projecting shadow in radiographs of penetrating gastric ulcer, due to settlement of bismuth in pathologic niches of the stomach wall; called also Haudek niche.

Haultain operation
a modification of the Huntington operation for replacement of a chronically inverted uterus, involving a posterior incision in the uterus through the cervical ring.

haustral contractions
muscular contractions of the wall of the large intestine during which the haustra can be seen more easily; called also haustrations.

haustration
(haws-tra´shәn) haustrum. formation of a haustrum. a haustral contraction.

haustrum
(haws´trәm) pl. haus´tra one of the pouches of the colon, produced by taeniae coli, which are somewhat shorter than the colon and cause it to form a series of pouches (called the haustra coli) in order to fit itself to the length of the taeniae.

HAV
hepatitis A virus.

Haverhill fever
(ha´vәr-il) a febrile disease caused by Streptobacillus moniliformis, resulting from ingestion of raw milk, water, or food that is contaminated with rat excrement. Clinically, it resembles the bacillary form of rat-bite fever, but vomiting is more severe and sore throat is more common.

haversian
(ha-vur´zhәn) named for the English physician and anatomist Clopton Havers, 1650–1702.

haversian canal
any of the anastomosing channels of the haversian system in compact bone, containing blood and lymph vessels, and nerves.

haversian glands
synovial villi.

haversian lamella
one of the concentric bony plates surrounding a haversian canal.