Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

Gillies operation
operation for correction of ectropion utilizing a split-thickness skin graft and a mold. a technique for reducing fractures of the zygoma and zygomatic arch through an incision in the temporal region above the hairline.

Gimbernat ligament
(hēm-bār-naht´) a membrane with its base just lateral to the femoral ring, one side attached to the inguinal ligament and the other to the pectineal line of the pubis. Called also lacunar ligament.

gingiva
(jin´jĭ-vә) (jin-ji´vә) pl. gin´givae the part of the oral mucosa covering the tooth-bearing border of the jaw. Called also gum. alveolar gingiva attached gingiva. areolar gingiva the portion attached to the alveolar process...

gingival
(jin´jĭ-vәl) pertaining to the gingivae.

gingival disease
any disease of the gingivae, such as gingivitis. The American Academy of Periodontology classifies gingival disease as a major group of periodontal diseases and distinguishes two main subgroups, those gingival diseases induced by dental plaque and those attributed to other causes. The plaque-induced diseases may be associated w...

gingival fibromatosis
fibromatosis gingivae.

gingival fluid
interstitial fluid and plasma that seeps in minute amounts into the gingival sulcus through its well. Called also crevicular fluid and sulcular fluid.

gingival line
a line determined by the level to which the gingiva extends on a tooth; called also gum line. any linear mark visible on the surface of the gingiva.

gingival papilla
the triangular pad of the gingiva filling the space between the proximal surfaces of two adjacent teeth.

gingival sulcus
the space between the surface of the tooth and the epithelium lining the free gingiva.

gingivalgia
(jin″jĭ-val´jә) pain in the gingiva.

gingivectomy
(jin″jĭ-vek´tә-me) surgical excision of all loose infected and diseased gingival tissue to eradicate periodontal infection and reduce the depth of the gingival sulcus.

gingivitis
(jin″jĭ-vi´tis) inflammation of the gums (gingivae). Bleeding is a primary symptom, and there may be swelling, redness, pain, and difficulty in chewing. It can lead to the more serious disorder known as periodontitis, with bony changes in addition to the gingivitis. There are numerous causes, of which the primary o...

gingivoglossitis
(jin″jĭ-vo-glos-i´tis) inflammation of the gingiva and tongue.

gingivolabial
(jin″jĭ-vo-la´be-әl) pertaining to the gingivae and lips.

gingivoplasty
(jin´jĭ-vo-plas″te) surgical remodeling of the gingiva.

gingivosis
(jin″jĭ-vo´sis) a chronic, diffuse inflammation of the gums, with desquamation of the papillary epithelium and mucous membrane.

gingivostomatitis
(jin″jĭ-vo-sto″mә-ti´tis) inflammation of the gingiva and oral mucosa. herpetic gingivostomatitis that due to infection with herpes simplex virus, with redness of the oral tissues, formation of multiple vesicles and painful ulcers, and fever. necrotiz...

ginglymus
(jin´glĭ-mәs) hinge joint.

ginkgo
(ging´ko) the dried leaves of the deciduous tree Ginkgo biloba, used for symptomatic relief of brain dysfunction, for intermittent claudication, and for tinnitus and vertigo of vascular origin.

GIP
gastric inhibitory polypeptide.

girdle
(gur´dәl) an encircling or confining structure. pectoral girdle shoulder girdle. pelvic girdle the encircling bony structure supporting the lower limbs. shoulder girdle , thoracic girdle the encircling ...

girdle ulcer
a rare type of ulcer seen in tuberculosis, spreading along the wall of the intestine in an encircling manner.

Girdlestone operation
Girdlestone resection removal of the femoral head and neck in cases of severe hip infection.

gitalin
(jit´ә-lin) a mixture of digitalis glycosides used as a cardiotonic in congestive heart failure and cardiac arrhythmias. Called also amorphous gitalin.

Gitelman syndrome
(git´әl-mәn) a syndrome of hypertrophy of juxtaglomerular cells similar to Bartter syndrome but with hypocalciuria and hypomagnesemia; usually seen in adolescents or adults.

gitter cell
a microglial cell that is globular and swollen after having phagocytized debris from cells destroyed pathologically in the central nervous system; called also compound granule cell and compound granular corpuscle.

Gjessing syndrome
(yes´ing) recurrent episodes of stupor or excitement occurring in catatonic schizophrenia in association with variations in nitrogen metabolism and thyroid hormone level; it is related to nitrogen retention caused by inadequate metabolism of dietary protein.

glabella
(glә-bel´ә) the area on the frontal bone above the nasion and between the eyebrows.

glabella tap
a tap on the glabella to test the glabella tap reflex; normally the patient stops blinking after the second or third tap, but in Parkinson disease and certain kinds of cerebral degeneration the blinking continues even when many taps are done.

glabella tap reflex
reflex blinking of the eyes when the glabella is tapped; see glabella tap.

glabrous
(gla´brәs) smooth and bare.

glacial
(gla´shәl) designating a highly pure state of certain acids, such as acetic acid, so called because the freezing point is only slightly below room temperature.

gladiolus
(glә-di´o-lәs) body of sternum.

glairy
(glār´e) resembling white of an egg.

gland
(gland) an aggregation of cells specialized to secrete or excrete materials not related to their ordinary metabolic needs. Glands are divided into two main groups, the endocrine glands and the exocrine glands. adj., glan´dular., adj.

glanders
(glan´dәrz) a disease of horses that is communicable to humans, caused by Pseudomonas mallei; it is marked by a purulent inflammation of the mucous membranes and an eruption of nodules on the skin that coalesce and break down, forming deep ulcers, which may end in necrosis of cartilage and bones. The more chronic ...

glanders bacillus
Pseudomonas mallei.

glanders pneumonia
pneumonia associated with glanders, characterized by caseous or calcified granules and pulmonary consolidation; seen in both humans and horses. Called also pneumonia malleosa.

glands of Lieberkühn
intestinal glands.

glandula
(glan´du-lә) pl. glan´dulae Latin word meaning gland; a term used in anatomy.

glandular
(glan´du-lәr) pertaining to or of the nature of a gland. balanic.

glandular carcinoma
adenocarcinoma.

glandular epithelium
that composed of secreting cells.

glandular fever
infectious mononucleosis.

glandular system
the glandular tissue of the body considered collectively.

glandular tissue
an aggregation of epithelial cells that elaborate secretions.

glandular tularemia
a type similar to ulceroglandular tularemia, with lymphadenopathy but no visible primary skin lesion.

glandule
(glan´dūl) a small gland.

glans
(glanz) pl. glan´des Latin word meaning acorn. In anatomy, it is used for a small, rounded mass or glandlike body. glans clitoridis the erectile tissue on the free end of the clitoris. glans penis the cap-shaped expansion of the corpus spongiosum at the end ...

glanular
(glan´u-lәr) pertaining to the glans penis or to the glans clitoris.

Glanzmann disease
(glahnz´-man) Glanzmann thrombasthenia.

Glasgow Coma Scale
a standardized system for assessing response to stimuli in a neurologically impaired patient, assessing eye opening, verbal response, and motor ability. Reaction scores are depicted in numerical values, thus minimizing the problem of ambiguous and vague terms to describe the patient's neurologic status. The total score is...

Glasgow sign
a systolic sound in the brachial artery in latent aneurysm of the aorta.

glass
(glas) a hard, brittle, often transparent material, usually consisting of the fused amorphous silicates of potassium or sodium, and of calcium, with silica in excess. a container, usually cylindrical, made from this material. cupping glass a small vessel from which the...

glass ceramic
any of a number of forms of crystallized glass having a variety of properties and uses, including the manufacture of dental restorations; formed by heating to the point of crystallization an amorphous glass matrix to which impurities have been added to provide nuclei for crystal formation.

glassblowers' cataract
heat cataract.

glasses
(glas´әz) lenses arranged in a frame holding them in the proper position in front of the eyes, as an aid to vision. Called also eyeglasses and spectacles.

glassy degeneration
a peculiar change occurring in the heart muscle and other muscles in fevers.

glatiramer
(glә-tir´ә-mәr) an immunomodulator used as the acetate ester to reduce relapses in multiple sclerosis; administered by subcutaneous injection.

Glauber salt
sodium sulfate.

glaucoma
(glaw-) (glou-ko´mә) a group of diseases of the eye characterized by increased intraocular pressure, resulting in pathological changes in the optic disk and defects in the visual field. The normal eye is filled with aqueous humor in an amount carefully regulated to maintain the shape of the eyeball. In ...

glaucomatous cataract
a patchy anterior subcapsular opacity following an attack of acute glaucoma; called also glaukomflecken.

Glenn operation
an operation for congenital cyanotic heart disease, consisting of anastomosis of the superior vena cava to the right pulmonary artery.

glenohumeral joint
the synovial joint formed by the head of the humerus and the glenoid cavityof the scapula. Called also humeral joint and shoulder joint.

glenohumeral ligaments
bands, usually three, on the inner surface of the articular capsule of the humerus, extending from the glenoid lip to the anatomical neck of the humerus.

glenoid
(gle´noid) (glen´oid) resembling a pit or socket.

glenoid cavity
a depression in the lateral angle of the scapula for articulation with the humerus.

glenoid fossa
mandibular fossa.

glenoid ligament
(in the pl.) dense bands on the plantar surfaces of the metatarsophalangeal joints. glenoid lip.

glenoid point
the center of the glenoid cavity of the scapula.

glia
(gli´ә) neuroglia; the supporting structure of nervous tissue, consisting, in the central nervous system, of astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia.

gliacyte
(gli´ә-sīt) a cell of the glia or neuroglia.

gliadin
(gli´ә-din) a protein in wheat that contains the toxic factor associated with celiac disease.

glial
(gli´әl) of or pertaining to glia or neuroglia.

glial cells
neuroglia cells.

glial fibrillary acidic protein
(GFAP) the protein forming the glial filaments of the astrocytes; it is used as an immunohistochemical marker of these cells. It also occurs in radial glia and occasionally in peripheral neuroglia.

gliclazide
(glik´lә-zīd) a sulfonylurea compound used as a hypoglycemic agent in treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

gliding joint
a synovial joint in which the opposed surfaces are flat or only slightly curved, so that the bones slide against each other in a simple and limited way. The intervertebral joints are this type, and many of the small bones of the wrist and ankle also meet in gliding joints. Called also arthrodial joint and plane joint.

gliding testis
an undescended testis that can reach the top of the scrotum but then glides back up.

glimepiride
(gli-mep´ĭ-rīd) a sulfonylurea compound used as a hypoglycemic in treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus; administered orally.

glioblastoma
(gli″o-blas-to´mә) any malignant astrocytoma. glioblastoma multiforme astrocytoma grade III or IV; a rapidly growing tumor, usually of the cerebral hemispheres, composed of spongioblasts, astroblasts, and astrocytes.

glioma
(gli-o´mә) originally, a tumor composed of neuroglia in any of its states of development. The term has been extended to include all intrinsic neoplasms of the brain and spinal cord, such as astrocytomas, ependymomas, and so on. Called also neuroglioma. adj., glio´matous., adj. glioma ...

glioma-polyposis syndrome
Turcot syndrome.

gliomatosis
(gli″o-mә-to´sis) excessive development of the neuroglia, especially of the spinal cord, in certain cases of syringomyelia.

glioneuroma
(gli″o-ndbobr-ro´mә) glioma combined with neuroma.

gliosarcoma
(gli″o-sahr-ko´mә) glioma combined with sarcoma.

gliosis
(gli-o´sis) an excess of astroglia in damaged areas of the central nervous system; see also astrocytosis. Called also astrogliosis.

glipizide
(glip´ĭ-zīd) a sulfonylurea used as a hypoglycemic in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus whose blood glucose cannot be controlled by diet and exercise alone; administered orally.

glissade
(glĭ-sād´) a gliding involuntary movement of the eye in changing the point of fixation; it is a slower, smoother movement than is a saccade. adj., glissad´ic., adj.

Glisson capsule
a sheath of connective tissue accompanying the hepatic ducts and vessels through the hepatic portal. In hepatitis it may become stretched, which is a common cause of pain.

glissonitis
(glis″o-ni´tis) inflammation of the Glisson capsule.

glitter cells
polymorphonuclear leukocytes that stain a pale blue with gentian-violet-safranin and contain granules in the cytoplasm that exhibit brownian movement; their presence in urine may indicate pyelonephritis or other disease of the urinary tract.

global aphasia
total aphasia involving all the functions that go to make up speech and communication.

globi
(glo´bi) plural of globus. round masses that are surrounded by a capsule and contain bacilli, seen in smears of lepromatous leprosy lesions.

globin
(glo´bin) the protein constituent of hemoglobin. any of a group of proteins similar to the typical globin.

globoid
(glo´boid) globe-shaped; spheroid.

globoid cell
a type of abnormal large histiocyte found in large numbers in intracranial tissues in Krabbe disease.

globose nucleus
nucleus globosus.

globoside
(glob´o-sīd) a glycosphingolipid that contains acetylated amino sugars and simple hexoses and is found in human serum, spleen, liver, and erythrocytes; it accumulates in tissues in Sandhoff disease.