Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

gastrointestinal allergy
food allergy.

gastrointestinal anthrax
anthrax due to ingestion of poorly cooked meat contaminated with Bacillus anthracis, with deposition of spores in the submucosa of the intestinal tract, where they germinate, multiply, and produce toxin. The results are massive edema that may obstruct the intestine, hemorrhage, and necrosis. Called also intestinal anthrax.

gastrointestinal protein loss test
administration of a radioisotope-labeled protein intravenously to determine the loss of plasma proteins in the gastrointestinal tract.

gastrointestinal series
GI series an examination of the upper gastrointestinal tract using barium as the contrast medium for a series of x-ray films; see also barium test. Called also barium meal.

gastrointestinal tract
the stomach and intestine taken together as a continuous unit; see also digestive system.

gastrointestinal tularemia
a rare form of tularemia that follows ingestion of large numbers of Francisella tularensis, characterized by cramping abdominal pain, acute watery diarrhea, fever, and, infrequently, superficial ulcerations of the colon resulting in bloody diarrhea or acute hemorrhage with minimal diarrhea.

gastrojejunocolic
(gas″tro-jә-joo″no-kol´ik) pertaining to the stomach, jejunum, and colon.

gastrojejunostomy
(gas″tro-jә-joo-nos´tә-me) surgical anastomosis of the stomach to the jejunum; called also Billroth II operation.

gastrolienal
(gas″tro-li´әn-әl) gastrosplenic.

gastrolith
(gas´tro-lith) a calculus in the stomach; called also gastric calculus.

gastrolithiasis
(gas″tro-lĭ-thi´ә-sis) the presence or formation of gastroliths.

gastrology
(gas-trol´ә-je) study of the stomach and its diseases.

gastrolysis
(gas-trol´ә-sis) surgical division of perigastric adhesions to mobilize the stomach.

gastromalacia
(gas″tro-mә-la´shә) softening of the wall of the stomach.

gastromegaly
(gas″tro-meg´ә-le) enlargement of the stomach.

gastropancreatic reflex
an increase in pancreatic secretion induced by distention of the corpus of the stomach; it is mediated by the vagus nerve.

gastroparalysis
(gas″tro-pә-ral´ә-sis) gastroparesis.

gastroparesis
(gas″tro-pә-re´sis) paralysis of the stomach, usually from damage to its nerve supply, so that food empties out much more slowly, if at all. The most common cause is diabetes mellitus. Called also gastroparalysis and gastroplegia.

gastropathy
(gas-trop´ә-the) any disease of the stomach.

gastropexy
(gas´tro-pek″se) surgical fixation of the stomach. Hill posterior gastropexy a surgical procedure to correct gastroesophageal reflux. An abdominal approach is used to perform a 180 degree fundoplication around the esophagus. The reduced gastroesophageal junction is anchored by sutur...

Gastrophilus
(gas-trof´ĭ-lәs) Gasterophilus.

gastrophrenic
(gas″tro-fren´ik) pertaining to the stomach and diaphragm.

gastroplasty
(gas´tro-plas″te) plastic repair of the stomach. vertical banded gastroplasty a form of gastric partitioning in which a vertical pouch is created in the upper stomach, banded with nonabsorbable mesh to prevent dilatation of the stoma.

gastroplegia
(gas″tro-ple´jә) gastroparesis.

gastroplication
(gas″tro-plĭ-ka´shәn) treatment of gastric dilatation by stitching a fold in the stomach wall.

gastroptosis
(gas″trop-to´sis) (gas″tro-to´sis) downward displacement of the stomach.

gastropulmonary
(gas″tro-pool´mo-nar-e) pertaining to the stomach and lungs.

gastropyloric
(gas″tro-pi-lor´ik) pertaining to the stomach and pylorus.

gastrorrhagia
(gas″tro-ra´jә) hemorrhage from the stomach.

gastrorrhaphy
(gas-tror´ә-fe) suture of the stomach.

gastrorrhea
(gas″tro-re´ә) excessive secretion by the glands of the stomach.

gastroschisis
(gas-tros´kĭ-sis) a congenital fissure of the abdominal wall with protrusion of viscera.

gastroscope
(gas´tro-skōp) an endoscope especially designed for passage into the stomach to permit examination of its interior. The gastroscope is a hollow, cylindrical tube fitted with special lenses and lights. The newer types of gastroscope are made of glass fiber (fiberscope) which is more flexible. Each glass fiber ...

gastroscopy
(gas-tros´kә-pe) inspection of the interior of the stomach with a gastroscope.

gastrospasm
(gas´tro-spaz″әm) spasm of the stomach.

gastrosplenic
(gas″tro-splen´ik) pertaining to the stomach and spleen; gastrolienal.

gastrosplenic ligament
a peritoneal fold extending from the greater curvature of the stomach to the hilum of the spleen.

gastrostaxis
(gas″tro-stak´sis) the oozing of blood from the stomach mucosa.

gastrostenosis
(gas″tro-stә-no´sis) contraction or shrinkage of the stomach.

gastrostogavage
(gas-tros″to-gә-vahzh´) feeding through a gastric fistula.

gastrostomy
(gas-tros´tә-me) the creation of an opening into the stomach, done to provide for the administration of food and liquids when stricture of the esophagus or other conditions make swallowing impossible.

gastrothoracopagus
(gas″tro-thor″ә-kop´ә-gәs) symmetrical conjoined twins joined at the abdomen and thorax.

gastrotomy
(gas-trot´ә-me) incision into the stomach.

gastrotropic
(gas″tro-tro´pik) having affinity for or exerting a special effect on the stomach.

gastrotympanites
(gas″tro-tim″pә-ni´tēz) tympanitic distention of the stomach.

gastrula
(gas´troo-lә) an embryo in the stage following the blastula or blastocyst; the simplest type consists of two layers of cells, the ectoderm and endoderm, which have invaginated to form the archenteron and an opening, the blastopore. In human embryos the gastrula stage occurs during the third week, as the embr...

gastrulation
(gas″troo-la´shәn) the process by which a blastula becomes a gastrula or, in forms without a true blastula, the process by which three germ cell layers are acquired. In humans, it denotes the conversion of the bilaminar embryonic disc into a trilaminar embryonic disc as cells migrate through the primitive st...

Gatch bed
a bed fitted with jointed springs, which may be adjusted to various positions.

gate
(gāt) an electronic circuit that passes a pulse only when a signal (the gate pulse) is present at a second input. a mechanism for opening or closing an ion channel in a cell membrane, regulated by a signal such as increased concentration of a neurotransmitter, change in electrical potential, or physical bin...

gate pulse
an electrical pulse that serves as a control signal for a gate.

gate theory
gate-control theory a theory stating that nerve impulses generated by noxious painful stimuli and transmitted to the spinal cord by small diameter C fibers and A delta fibers are blocked at their synapses in the dorsal horn by the simultaneous stimulation of large diameter myelinated A fibers; this inhibits pain by prevent...

gated blood pool scintigraphy
equilibrium radionuclide scintigraphy.

gated cardiac blood pool imaging
equilibrium radionuclide angiocardiography.

gatifloxacin
(gat″ĭ-flok´sә-sin) a broad-spectrum antibiotic effective against many gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria; administered orally and intravenously in the treatment of bacterial complication of chronic bronchitis, acute sinusitis, community-acquired pneumonia, gonorrhea, pyelonephritis, and urinary tract i...

gating
(gāt´ing) controlling access or passage through gates or channels. selection of electrical signals by a gate, which passes signals only when a control signal (the gate pulse) is present, or passes only signals with certain characteristics, such as a pulse height. substrate-binding– or li...

gatophobia
(gat″o-fo´be-ә) ailurophobia.

Gaucher cell
(go-sha´) a large and distinctive cell characteristic of Gaucher disease, with one or more eccentrically placed nuclei and with fine wavy kerasin fibrils running parallel to the long axis of the cell, imparting a wrinkled, tissue-paper appearance to the gray or bluish opaque cytoplasm.

Gaucher disease
(go-sha´) a hereditary disorder of glucocerebroside metabolism, marked by the presence of Gaucher cells in the bone marrow, and by enlargement of the liver and spleen, as well as erosion of the cortices of long bones and pelvis. Type 1, the adult form, is associated with moderate anemia and thrombocytopenia, and yellowi...

Gault cochleopalpebral reflex
cochleopalpebral reflex.

Gault test
(for simulated deafness) the patient's good ear is closed and a sound is made near the supposed bad ear; winking on the tested side indicates hearing.

gaultheria oil
methyl salicylate.

gauntlet bandage
one that covers the hands and fingers like a glove.

Gauss sign
an increase in uterine mobility seen early in pregnancy.

gauze
(gawz) a light, open-meshed fabric of muslin or similar material used in bandages, dressings, and surgical sponges. absorbent gauze white cotton cloth of various thread counts and weights, supplied in various lengths and widths and in different forms (rolls or folds). ...

gavage
(gә-vahzh´) forced feeding, especially through a tube passed into the stomach; see also tube feeding. superalimentation.

gay bowel syndrome
term coined in the 1970s for an assortment of sexually transmitted bowel and rectal diseases affecting homosexual males and others who engage in frequent anal intercourse; it is caused by a wide variety of infectious agents.

gaze
(gāz) to look in one direction for a period of time. the act or state of looking steadily in one direction.

gaze nystagmus
nystagmus made apparent by looking to the right or to the left.

gaze test
(for ocular and vestibular functioning) movements of the eye are recorded with the patient gazing straight at an object and at positions off to different sides of it; then with eyes closed for 20 seconds, the patient must perform a small mental exercise. The eyes normally should assume a center gaze while they are closed.

Gd
gadolinium.

Ge
germanium.

Gee disease
(ge) Gee-Herter disease (ge her´ter) Gee-Herter-Heubner disease (ge her´ter hoib´ner) the infantile form of celiac disease.

Gee-Thaysen disease
(ge´ ti´sәn) adult celiac disease.

Gegenbaur cell
osteoblast.

gegenhalten
(ga″gәn-hahlt´әn) an involuntary resistance to passive movement as may occur in cerebral cortical disorders.

Geigel reflex
a reflex in the female corresponding to the cremasteric reflex in the male; i.e., on stroking of the inner anterior aspect of the upper thigh there is a contraction of the muscular fibers at the upper edge of Poupart ligament; cf. hypogastric reflex. Called also inguinal reflex.

gel
(jel) a colloid in which the solid disperse phase forms a network in combination with that of the fluid continuous phase, resulting in a viscous semirigid sol. to form such a compound or any similar semi-solid material.

gel diffusion test
see immunodiffusion.

gel filtration chromatography
gel permeation chromatography a type in which the stationary phase is a gel having a closely controlled pore size. Molecules are separated based on molecular size and shape, smaller molecules being temporarily retained in the pores. Called also exclusion or molecular exclusion chromatography.

gelatin
(jel´ә-tin) a substance obtained by partial hydrolysis of collagen derived from skin, white connective tissue, and bones of animals; used as a suspending agent, in manufacture of capsules and suppositories, sometimes as an adjuvant protein food, and suggested for use as a plasma substitute. In absorbable fil...

gelatin agglutination test
a sperm agglutination test in which the sperm and serum are put in a gelatin solution. Called also Kibrick test.

gelatiniform carcinoma
gelatinous carcinoma mucinous carcinoma.

gelatinize
(jә-lat´ĭ-nīz) to convert into gelatin. to become converted into gelatin.

gelatinoid
(jә-lat´ĭ-noid) resembling gelatin.

gelatinous
(jә-lat´ĭ-nәs) like jelly or softened gelatin.

gelatinous tissue
mucous tissue.

gelatinous tumor
myxoma.

gelation
(jә-la´shәn) conversion of a sol into a gel.

Gelfilm
(jel´film) trademark for absorbable gelatin film, used as an aid in surgical closure and repair of defects in the dura mater and pleura.

Gelfoam
(jel´fōm) trademark for preparations of absorbable gelatin sponge, used as a local hemostatic.

Gélineau syndrome
(zha-le-no´) narcolepsy.

Gell and Coombs classification
(jel´; kldbomacmz´) a classification of immune mechanisms of tissue injury, comprising four types of hypersensitivity reactions: type I,immediate hypersensitivity reactions, mediated by interaction of immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibody and antigen and release of histamine and other mediators; type II, antibody-mediated hypersens...

Gély suture
a continuous stitch for wounds of the intestine, made with a thread having a needle at each end.

gemcitabine
(jem-sit´ә-bēn) an antineoplastic agent used in chemotherapy for pancreatic adenocarcinoma and non–small cell lung carcinoma; administered by intravenous infusion as the hydrochloride salt.

gemfibrozil
(jem-fib´ro-zil) an antihyperlipidemic agent used for treatment of patients with very high serum triglyceride levels (type IV hyperlipoproteinemia) who do not respond to dietary management.

geminate
(jem´ĭ-nāt) paired; occurring in twos.

geminate tooth
a tooth with just one root and root canal but two partly or completely separated crowns, resulting from abnormalities in the formation of two teeth.

gemmation
(jә-ma´shәn) development of a new organism from a protuberance on the cell body of the parent, a form of asexual reproduction; called also budding.

gemmule
(jem´ūl) a reproductive bud, the immediate product of gemmation. any of the little spinelike processes on the dendrites of a nerve cell.

gemtuzumab ozogamicin
(gem-too´zoo-mab″ o″zo-gә-mi´sin) a recombinant DNA–derived monoclonal antibody conjugated with a cytotoxic antitumor antibiotic, used as an antineoplastic in the treatment of relapsed acute myelogenous leukemia, administered intravenously.