Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

fragilitas
(frә-jil´ĭ-tәs) Latin word meaning fragility. fragilitas crinium a brittleness of the hair. fragilitas ossium congenita osteogenesis imperfecta.

fragility
(frә-jil´ĭ-te) susceptibility, or lack of resistance, to influences capable of causing disruption of continuity or integrity.

fragility of blood
erythrocyte fragility.

fragmentary delusions
unconnected delusions not organized around a coherent theme.

fragmentation
(frag″mәn-ta´shәn) division into small pieces.

Fraley syndrome
(fra´le) nephralgia with dilation of the renal calices around the upper pole of the kidney due to compression of the adjacent infundibulum, usually caused by pressure from vessels serving that part of the kidney.

frambesia
(fram-be´zhә) yaws.

frambesioma
(fram-be″ze-o´mә) mother yaw; the initial cutaneous lesion of yaws.

frame
(frām) a rigid supporting structure or a structure for immobilizing a part. Balkan frame an apparatus for continuous extension in treatment of fractures of the femur, consisting of an overhead bar, with pulleys attached, by which the leg is supported in a sling. ...

Framingham Heart Study
a longitudinal study begun in 1948 in which there is and has been continuous gathering of data on the health and habits of the adult inhabitants of Framingham, Massachusetts. Data from this study have shown relationships between cardiovascular disease and such variables as smoking, diet, lack of exercise, and other aspect...

Franceschetti syndrome
(frahn″chĕ-sket´e) the complete form of mandibulofacial dysostosis.

Franceschetti-Jadassohn syndrome
(frahn″chĕ-sket´e yah´dah-sōn) a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by gray to brown reticular hyperpigmentation beginning after infancy without preceding inflammatory changes; characteristics include palmoplantar keratoderma, vasomotor changes with hypohidrosis, and yellowing of the dental e...

Francis disease
(fran´sis) tularemia.

Francis test
(for bile acids in urine) in a test tube is placed 2 g of glucose in 15 g of sulfuric acid and the urine is placed on top of this; a purple color forms if bile acids are present. an intracutaneous test in pneumonia for ascertaining the body response to the infection and whether the specific antibodies are present ...

Francisella
(fran-sĭ-sel´ә) a genus of gram-negative, aerobic, coccoid or rod-shaped bacteria; F. tularen´sis (formerly called Pasteurella tularensis) is the etiologic agent of tularemia.

francium
(Fr) (fran´se-әm) a chemical element, atomic number 87, atomic weight 223.

François syndrome
(frahn-swah´) oculomandibulofacial syndrome.

Frank lead system
in spatial vectorcardiography, the most commonly used corrected system of orthogonal leads, consisting of seven electrodes placed and connected to form leads X, Y, and Z, which describe the transverse, vertical, and sagittal planes, respectively. See also spatial vectorcardiography.

Frankel classification
(frang´kәl) ASIA scale.

Frankenhäuser ganglion
cervical ganglion (def. 2).

Frankfort horizontal plane
(frank´fәrt) a horizontal plane represented in profile by a line between the lowest point on the margin of the orbit and the highest point on the margin of the auditory meatus.

Fraser syndrome
(fra´zer) cryptophthalmos syndrome.

fraternal
(frә-tur´nәl) of or pertaining to brothers. of twins; derived from two oocytes.

fraternal twins
dizygotic twins.

Frazier-Spiller operation
(fra´zhәr spil´әr) trigeminal rhizotomy using an approach through the middle cranial fossa.

FRC
functional residual capacity.

FRCP
Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians.

FRCS
Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons.

freckle
(frek´әl) a benign, small, tan to brown macule occurring on sun-exposed skin, especially in children and tending to fade in adult life. Freckles resemble lentigines, but they darken after exposure to sunlight, whereas lentigines do not, and in freckles, the number of melanocytes is not increased. ...

Fredet-Ramstedt operation
(frĕ-da´ rahm´shtet) pyloromyotomy.

free association
in psychoanalysis, verbal expression by the patient of ideas as they arrive spontaneously, without censoring or withholding anything, no matter how distressing, embarrassing, trivial, or irrelevant it may seem. The analyst forms tentative explanations of the patient's associations and experiences but withholds them until ...

free flap
an island flap detached from the body and reattached at the distant recipient site by microvascular anastomosis.

free graft
a graft of tissue completely freed from its bed, in contrast to a flap.

free radical
a radical that carries an unpaired electron; such radicals are extremely reactive, with a very short half-life.

free water
that portion of the water in body tissues which is not bound by macromolecules or organelles.

Freeman-Sheldon syndrome
(fre´mәn shel´dәn) craniocarpotarsal dystrophy.

freeze fracture
see freeze-fracturing.

freeze-drying
(frēz´dri″ing) a method of tissue preparation in which the tissue specimen is frozen and then dehydrated at low temperature in a high vacuum. See also lyophilization.

freeze-etching
(frēz´ech″ing) a method used to study unfixed cells by electron microscopy, in which the object to be studied is placed in 20 per cent glycerol, frozen at −100° C, and then mounted on a chilled holder.

freeze-fracturing
(frēz´frak″chәr-ing) a method of preparing cells for electron microscopy: a tissue specimen is frozen at −150° C, inserted into a vacuum chamber, and fractured by a microtome; a platinum carbon replica of the exposed surfaces is made, freed of the underlying specimen, and then examined.

freeze-substitution
(frēz´sub″stĭ-too´shәn) a modification of freeze-drying in which the ice within the frozen tissue is replaced by alcohol or other solvents at a very low temperature.

freezing point
the temperature at which a liquid begins to freeze; for water, the freezing point is 0° C, or 32° F.

Frégoli phenomenon
a form of delusional misidentification in which the subject believes that a stranger, particularly a persecutor, is disguised as various people familiar to the subject. Cf. Capgras syndrome.

Frei disease
(fri) lymphogranuloma venereum.

Freiberg disease
(fri´bәrg) osteochondrosis of the head of the second metatarsal bone.

Frejka pillow
(frej´kah) a small pillow or splint used with infants to maintain hip abduction in cases of dislocation. Straps over the shoulder help keep the pillow in place.

fremitus
(frem´ĭ-tәs) a vibration perceptible on palpation or auscultation; see also thrill. tactile fremitus a type of vocal fremitus found over an area of secretions. tussive fremitus one felt on the chest while the patient coughs. vocal ...

French scale
one used for denoting the size of catheters, sounds, and other tubular instruments, each French unit (symbol F) being approximately 0.33 mm in diameter.

frenectomy
(fre-nek´tә-me) excision of a frenum or frenulum.

frenoplasty
(fre´no-plas″te) the correction of an abnormally attached frenum or frenulum, by surgically repositioning it.

frenotomy
(fre-not´ә-me) the cutting of a frenum or frenulum.

frenulectomy
(fren″u-lek´tә-me) frenectomy.

frenuloplasty
(fren´u-lo-plas″te) frenoplasty.

frenulum
(fren´u-lәm) pl. fren´ula a small fold of tissue that limits the movements of an organ or part.

frenulum labiorum pudendi
(fren´u-lәm la-be-or´әm pu-den´di) fourchette.

frenulum linguae
(fren´u-lәm ling´gwe) frenulum of tongue.

frenulum of clitoris
a fold formed by union of the labia minora on the undersurface of the clitoris.

frenulum of lip
a median fold of mucous membrane connecting the inside of each lip to the corresponding gum.

frenulum of prepuce of penis
a fold under the penis connecting it with the prepuce.

frenulum of pudendal labia
the posterior junction of the labia minora; called also fourchette.

frenulum of tongue
the vertical fold of mucous membrane under the tongue, attaching it to the floor of the mouth; called also frenulum linguae.

frenum
(fre´nәm) pl. fre´na a restraining structure or part; see also frenulum.

frequency
(fre´kwәn-se) the number of occurrences of a periodic or recurrent process in a unit of time. In cardiac pacing terminology, frequency is expressed by the formula: frequency = 12 × pulse width. the number of occurrences of a particular event or the number of members of a population or statistical sample fa...

Freund adjuvant
(froind) a water-in-oil emulsion incorporating antigen, in the aqueous phase, into lightweight paraffin oil with the aid of an emulsifying agent. On injection, this mixture (Freund incomplete adjuvant) induces strong persistent antibody formation. The addition of killed, dried mycobacteria, e.g., Mycobacterium butyricum...

Frey syndrome
(fri) auriculotemporal syndrome.

Freyer operation
a method formerly used for prostatic hypertrophy, using suprapubic enucleation.

friable
(fri´ә-bәl) easily pulverized or crumbled.

Friberg test
tray agglutination test.

friction
(frik´shәn) the act of rubbing.

friction burn
brush burn.

friction murmur
friction rub.

friction sound
friction rub.

Friderichsen test
(for vitamin A deficiency) determination of the weakest light stimulus which will give rise to an oculomotor reflex. A variation from normal indicates vitamin A deficiency.

Friderichsen-Waterhouse syndrome
(frid´rik-sәn waw´tәr-hous) Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome.

Friedländer disease
(frēd´len-dәr) endarteritis obliterans.

Friedländer pneumonia
(frēd´len-dәr) Klebsiella pneumonia.

Friedmann vasomotor syndrome
(frēd´mahn) postconcussional syndrome.

Friedreich ataxia
(frēd´rīk) hereditary sclerosis of the dorsal and lateral columns of the spinal cord, usually beginning in childhood or youth. It is attended by ataxia, speech impairment, scoliosis, and peculiar swaying and irregular movements, with paralysis of the muscles, especially of the lower extremities.

Friedreich disease
(frēd´rīk) paramyoclonus multiplex. Friedreich ataxia.

Friedreich phenomenon
the tympanic note of skodaic resonance in pleuritis with effusion varies in pitch during inhalation and exhalation, being higher during inhalation.

Friedreich sign
(frēd´rīk) diastolic collapse of the cervical veins due to adhesion of the pericardium.

frigidity
(frĭ-jid´ĭ-te) coldness. former name for female sexual arousal disorder.

frigorific
(frig″o-rif´ik) producing coldness.

frog breathing
respiration unaided by the primary or ordinary accessory muscles of respiration, the air being “swallowed” rapidly into the lungs by use of the tongue and the muscles of the pharynx; used by patients with chronic muscle paralysis to augment their vital capacity.

frog leg position
froglike position batrachian position.

Froin syndrome
(frwah) a condition of the lumbar spinal fluid consisting of a transparent clear yellow color (xanthochromia), with the finding of large amounts of protein, rapid coagulation, and the absence of an increased number of cells. It is seen in certain organic nervous diseases in which the lumbar fluid is cut off from c...

frolement
(frōl-maw´) a rustling sound heard on auscultation in pericardial disease. a brushing movement in massage.

Froment paper sign
flexion of the distal phalanx of the thumb when a sheet of paper is held between the thumb and the radial surface of the index finger; a sign of a lesion of the ulnar nerve.

Frommel disease
(from´әl) Chiari-Frommel syndrome.

Frommel-Chiari syndrome
(from´әl ke-ah´re) Chiari-Frommel syndrome.

frons
(fronz) Latin word meaning forehead, a term used in anatomy.

front-tap reflex
in spinal irritability, a tap on the skin muscles of the extended leg causes contraction of the gastrocnemius muscle.

frontad
(frun´tad) toward a front, or frontal aspect.

frontal
(frun´tәl) pertaining to the forehead. denoting a longitudinal plane passing through the body from side to side, and dividing it into front and back parts.

frontal ataxia
gait apraxia.

frontal axis
an imaginary line running from right to left through the center of the eyeball.

frontal bone
the bone at the anterior part of the skull, which forms the skeleton of the forehead. It is developed from two halves and the line of separation (the frontal suture) that marks where the halves joined sometimes persists in adult life.

frontal crest
a median ridge on the internal surface of the frontal bone.

frontal diploic vein
a vein that drains the frontal bone, emptying externally into the supraorbital vein and internally into the superior sagittal sinus.

frontal fontanelle
anterior fontanelle.