Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

filaria
(fĭ-lar´e-ә) pl. fila´riae a nematode worm of the superfamily Filarioidea. adj., fila´rial., adj.

filariasis
(fil″ә-ri´ә-sis) any infection with filariae. The organism causing the most common form is Wuchereria bancrofti, which is found in many hot regions of the world and is transmitted by the Culex mosquito or sometimes by mites or flies. The larvae invade lymphoid tissues and then grow to adult worms 2 to 5 cm l...

filaricide
(fĭ-lar´ĭ-sīd) an agent that destroys filariae; see also antifilarial. adj., filarici´dal, adj. .

filariform
(fĭ-lar´ĭ-form) resembling filariae; threadlike.

Filarioidea
(fĭ-lar″e-oi´de-ә) a superfamily of parasitic nematodes (filariae), the adults of which are threadlike worms that invade the tissues and body cavities, where the female deposits microfilariae (prelarvae). These microfilariae are ingested by bloodsucking insects in whom they pass their developmental stag...

file-cutters' disease
lead poisoning from inhaling lead particles rising from the bed of lead used in file cutting.

filgrastim
(fil-gras´tim) a human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor produced by recombinant technology; used to enhance neutrophil function, stimulating hematopoiesis and decreasing neutropenia; administered intravenously or subcutaneously.

filial generation
the offspring produced by the mating of the individuals of a given generation, with the offspring of the parental generation constituting the first filial generation (F1> ), and their offspring constituting the second filial generation (F2), and so on.

filiform
(fil´ĭ-form) (fi´lĭ-form) threadlike. an extremely slender bougie.

filiform papilla
one of the threadlike elevations covering most of the tongue surface.

filiform-tipped catheter
a small-caliber catheter whose tip has a lumenless filiform; used to dilate tight urethral strictures and to bypass obstructions due to angulations or calculi in the ureter.

filler graft
one used for the filling of defects, as the filling of depressions with fatty tissue or of a bony cyst cavity with bone chips or dried cartilage.

fillet
(fil´et) a loop, as of cord or tape, for making traction during surgery. in the nervous system, a long band of nerve fibers.

filling
(fil´ing) the material inserted into a prepared tooth cavity, usually gold, amalgam, cement, or a synthetic resin. the process of inserting, condensing, shaping, and finishing this material in a prepared tooth cavity or root canal. Called also restoration.

filling defect
an interruption in the contour of the inner surface of stomach or intestine revealed by radiography, indicating excess tissue or substance on or in the wall of the organ.

filling pressure
see mean circulatory filling pressure.

film
(film) a thin layer or coating. a thin transparent sheet of cellulose acetate or similar material coated on one or both sides with an emulsion that is sensitive to light or radiation. absorbable gelatin film a sterile, nonantigenic, absorbable, water-insoluble sheet of...

film badge
(film baj) a pack of radiographic film or films worn as a badge, used for the detection and approximate measurement of radiation exposure of personnel.

film oxygenator
a device, encased in a container of oxygen, that makes possible reduction of a thin film of blood to facilitate the exchange of gases.

filopressure
(fi´lo-presh″әr) compression of a blood vessel by a thread.

Filoviridae
(fi″lo-vir´ĭ-de) Marburg and Ebola viruses: a family of RNA viruses; the single genus is Filovirus.

Filovirus
(fi´lo-vi″rәs) Marburg and Ebola viruses, the single genus of the family Filoviridae; these cause the hemorrhagic fevers called Marburg disease and Ebola virus disease.

filter
(fil´tәr) a device for eliminating or separating certain elements, as (a) particles of certain size from a solution, or (b) rays of certain wavelength from a stream of radiant energy. to cause such separation or elimination. membrane filter a filter made up of a ...

filterable
(fil´tәr-ә-bәl) capable of passing through the pores of a filter; usually referring to living infectious agents such as viruses that can pass through a filter that retains the usual pathogenic bacteria. This attribute was key in the initial discovery of viruses.

filtrable
(fil´trә-bәl) filterable.

filtrate
(fil´trāt) a liquid or gas that has passed through a filter.

filtration
(fil-tra´shәn) passage through a filter or other material that prevents passage of certain molecules, particles, or substances.

filtration angle
irirdocorneal angle.

filum
(fi´lәm) pl. fi´la Latin word meaning a threadlike structure or part. filum terminale a slender, threadlike prolongation of connective tissue from the conus medullaris to the back of the coccyx.

fimbria
(fim´bre-ә) pl. fim´briae Latin word meaning fringe or border. In anatomy, it is used for a fringelike structure. pilus (def. 2). fimbriae of fallopian tube the numerous divergent fringelike processes on the distal part of the infundibulum of the fallopian tube; called ...

fimbriate body
corpus fimbriatum.

fimbriated
(fim´bre-āt″әd) fringed.

final common pathway
the motor neurons by which nerve impulses from many central sources pass to a muscle or gland in the periphery. any mechanism by which several independent effects exert a common influence.

final host
definitive host.

finasteride
(fĭ-nas´tәr-īd) an inhibitor of 5α-reductase, used in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia and as a hair growth stimulant in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia; administered orally.

fine needle
a very thin, highly flexible steel needle with a narrow inner core used to cannulate very small bile ducts to perform transhepatic cholangiography (fine needle transhepatic cholangiography).

fine tremor
one in which the vibrations are rapid.

fine-needle aspiration biopsy
aspiration biopsy using a fine needle. For superficial tissue such as the thyroid, breast, or prostate the needle is unguided, but for deep tissue it must be guided radiologically.

finger
(fing´gәr) one of the five digits of the hand.

finger agnosia
loss of ability to indicate one's own or another's fingers.

finger phenomenon
(in hemiplegia), extension of all the fingers or of the thumb and index finger, on pressure against the pisiform bone; called also Gordon sign.

finger-nose test
(fing´ger nōz) a test for coordinated movements of the extremities; the patient is directed to close the eyes, and, with arm extended to one side, slowly try to touch the end of the nose with the tip of the index finger.

finger-thumb reflex
passive flexion of the metacarpophalangeal joint of one of the fingers causes flexion of the basal joint and extension of the terminal joint of the thumb; called also basal joint reflex and Mayer reflex.

finger-to-finger test
similar to finger-nose test, for testing coordinated movements of the extremities.

fingerprint
(fing´gәr-print) an impression of the cutaneous ridges of the fleshy distal portion of a finger. the image obtained from fingerprinting of proteins or nucleic acids. the infrared absorption spectrum of a molecule.

fingerprinting
(fing´gәr-print″ing) a technique for determining the structure of or identifying a protein or nucleic acid (the latter often called DNA fingerprinting) by cleavage of the molecule into defined fragments, chromatographic or electrophoretic separation of the fragments, and visualization of the resulting patter...

Finn chamber test
(fin) a type of patch test in which the materials being tested are held in shallow aluminum cups (Finn chambers) that are taped against the skin, usually for a few days.

Finney operation
Finney pyloroplasty enlargement of the pyloric canal in the stomach by establishment of an inverted U-shaped anastomosis between the stomach and duodenum with a longitudinal incision.

Firmicutes
(fәr-mik´u-tēz) (fur″mĭ-ku´tēz) a phylum of mainly gram-positive bacteria; with Bacteroidetes, it is one of the two main groups making up the intestinal flora.

first aid
(furst ād) emergency care and treatment of an injured or ill person before complete medical and surgical treatment can be secured.

first arch syndrome
anomalies, including macrostomia, hemignathia, and deformities of the external ear, resulting from an inhibitory process occurring toward the seventh week of embryonic life and affecting the facial bones derived from the first pharyngeal (branchial) arch.

first degree heart block
the mildest form of heart block, in which conduction time is prolonged but all impulses are conducted; often used specifically for first degree atrioventricular block.

first line therapy
induction therapy.

first posterior intercostal artery
origin, supreme intercostal artery; branches, dorsal and spinal branches; distribution, upper thoracic wall.

first responder
(furst´ re-spon´dәr) the first trained emergency person to arrive at the scene where someone is in need of emergency care; in the United States, first responders should have completed training using a standardized national curriculum set up by the federal Department of Transportation.

first set phenomenon
the immunological reaction of the body against a tissue or organ in a host not previously sensitized against the graft antigens. Called also first set rejection. See also second set phenomenon.

first stage of labor
see labor.

first-degree burn
a burn that affects the epidermis only, causing reddening of the skin and sometimes mild edema, but without blisters.

FISH
fluorescence in situ hybridization.

fish eye disease
a less severe form of lecithin–cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency due to a partial defect in the enzyme activity; corneal opacities give the eye the appearance of the eye of a boiled fish, and lipoproteins show some abnormalities.

fish poisoning
poisoning due to ingestion of poisonous fish; some have the poison in their muscles, skin, or other organs, while others secrete poisons. It is marked by various gastrointestinal and neurological disturbances that sometimes can be fatal. The most common kinds are ciguatera and tetrodotoxism. Called also ichthyosarcotoxism...

fish tapeworm
Diphyllobothrium latum.

Fishberg concentration test
(fish´bәrg) a test for renal function; the patient is given supper with not more than 200 mL of fluid and nothing thereafter. Urine voided during the night is discarded. The morning urine is saved, the patient kept in bed, and the urine of 1 hour later and of 2 hours later is saved. If the specific gravity o...

Fisher exact test
a statistical hypothesis test of independence of rows and columns in a 2 × 2 contingency table based on the exact sampling distribution of the observed frequencies, useful when any expected value in the table is small.

Fisher syndrome
(fish´er) a variant of acute idiopathic polyneuritis characterized by areflexia, ataxia, and ophthalmoplegia.

fission
(fish´әn) the act of splitting. asexual reproduction in which the cell divides into two (binary fission) or more (multiple fission) daughter parts, each of which becomes an individual organism. nuclear fission; the splitting of the atomic nucleus, with release of energy. ...

fissiparous
(fĭ-sip´ә-rәs) propagated by fission.

fissula
(fis´u-lә) Latin word meaning small cleft.

fissura
(fis-u´rә) pl. fissu´rae Latin word meaning fissure.

fissure
(fish´әr) a narrow slit or cleft. one of the deeper or more constant furrows separating the gyri of the brain. See also sulcus. a deep cleft in the surface of a tooth, usually due to imperfect fusion of the enamel of the adjoining dental lobes. It can be treated with a dental sealant to...

fissure for round ligament
one on the visceral surface of the liver, lodging the round ligament in the adult.

fissure fracture
a crack extending from a surface into, but not through, a long bone.

fissure in ano
anal fissure.

fissure of Bichat
transverse fissure (def. 2).

fissure of Rolando
a groove running obliquely across the superolateral surface of a cerebral hemisphere, separating the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe. Called also central fissure and central sulcus of cerebrum.

fissure of Sylvius
sylvian fissure.

fissured tongue
a tongue with numerous furrows or grooves on the dorsal surface, often radiating from a groove on the midline.

fistula
(fis´tu-lә) pl. fistulas, fis´tulae any abnormal tubelike passage in the body. A fistula may occur between two internal organs or lead from an internal organ to the body surface. Some fistulas are created surgically for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes (see arteriovenous fistula). Others occur as a result of inju...

fistula test
the air in the external ear canal is compressed or rarefied: if there is erosion of the inner osseous wall of the tympanum exposing the membranous labyrinth, nystagmus will be produced, provided the labyrinth still functions.

fistulectomy
(fis″tu-lek´tә-me) excision of a fistula.

fistulization
(fis″tu-lĭ-za´shәn) the process of becoming fistulous. surgical creation of a fistula.

fistulotomy
(fis″tu-lot´ә-me) incision of a fistula.

fistulous
(fis´tu-lәs) pertaining to or of the nature of a fistula.

fistulous ulcer
the ulcerated superficial end of a fistula.

fitness
(fit´nis) in genetics, the probability of transmitting one's genotype to the next generation relative to the average probability for the population. physical fitness.

Fitz-Hugh–Curtis syndrome
(fitz´hu kur´tis) perihepatitis occurring as a complication of gonorrhea or chlamydial infection in women, marked by fever, upper quadrant pain, tenderness and spasm of the abdominal wall, and occasionally by friction rub over the liver.

Fitzgerald factor
high-molecular-weight kininogen.

five-day fever
trench fever.

five-year survival rate
an expression of the number of survivors with no trace of a given disease five years after each has been diagnosed or treated for the disease.

fixation
(fik-sa´shәn) the act or operation of holding, suturing, or fastening in a fixed position. the condition of being held in a fixed position. in psychiatry, either arrest of development at a particular stage or an abnormally close attachment to some person. in microscopy, the trea...

fixation muscles
accessory muscles that serve to steady a part.

fixation nystagmus
that occurring only on gazing fixedly at an object.

fixative
(fik´sә-tiv) an agent used in preserving a histologic or pathologic specimen so as to maintain the normal structure of its constituent elements.

fixator muscles
fixation muscles.

fixed idea
a persistent morbid impression or belief that cannot be changed by reason.

fixed partial denture
a partial denture held in position by attachments to adjacent prepared natural teeth, roots, or implants; called also bridge.

fixed pupil
a pupil that does not react either to light or on convergence, or in accommodation.

fixed virus
a virus whose virulence and incubation period have been stabilized by serial passage and have remained fixed during further transmission; see also street virus.

fixed-rate pacemaker
an artificial cardiac pacemaker set to pace at only a single rate.

fixer
(fik´ser) the chemical used to remove unexposed, underdeveloped silver compounds and to harden gelatin or emulsion on film.