Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

facial bones
the bones that form the skeleton of the face, including the hyoid, palatine, and zygomatic bones, the mandible, and the maxilla. Some authorities include the lacrimal bones, nasal bones, inferior nasal concha, and vomer and exclude the hyoid bone.

facial canal
a canal for the facial nerve in the petrous portion of the temporal bone.

facial cellulitis
cellulitis involving the face, most commonly the cheek or area around an orbit, although it sometimes appears in other regions such as the neck. Ludwig angina is a type that occurs in the floor of the mouth and neck.

facial muscles
muscles of expression.

facial nerve
the seventh cranial nerve; its motor fibers supply the muscles that move the eyebrows, the skin of the forehead, the corners of the mouth, and other parts of the face involved in frowning, smiling, and other expressions of emotion. The sensory fibers of the facial nerve provide a sense of taste in the front two-thirds of ...

facial palsy
Bell palsy.

facial paralysis
weakening or paralysis of the facial nerve, as in Bell palsy.

facial reflex
bulbomimic reflex.

facial region
that comprising the various anatomical regions of the face, divided into buccal (side of oral cavity), infraorbital (below eye), mental (chin), nasal (nose), oral (lips), orbital (eye), parotid (angle of jaw), and zygomatic (cheek bone) regions.

facial sign
Chvostek sign.

facial surface
vestibular surface.

facial triangle
a triangular area whose points are the basion and the alveolar and nasal points.

facial vein
the vein that begins at the inner corner of the eye as the angular vein, descends behind the facial artery, and usually ends in the internal jugular vein; it sometimes joins the retromandibular vein to form a common trunk.

facies
(fa´she-ēz) pl. fa´cies Latin word meaning face. a specific surface of a body structure, part, or organ. the expression or appearance of the face.

facility
(fә-sil´ĭ-te) an agency or other site where an activity or process is carried out.

faciobrachial
(fa″she-o-bra´ke-әl) pertaining to the face and arm.

faciocervical
(fa″she-o-sur´vĭ-kәl) pertaining to the face and neck.

faciodigitogenital
(fa″she-o-dij″ĭ-to-gen´ĭ-tәl) pertaining to or affecting the face, digits, and genitalia

faciodigitogenital syndrome
Aarskog syndrome.

faciogenital
(fa″she-o-gen´ĭ-tәl) pertaining to or affecting the face and genitalia

faciogenital dysplasia
Aarskog syndrome.

faciolingual
(fa″she-o-ling´wәl) pertaining to the face and tongue.

facioplegia
(fa″she-o-ple´jә) facial paralysis. adj., faciople´gic., adj.

facioscapulohumeral
(fa″she-o-skap″u-lo-hu´mәr-әl) pertaining to the face, scapula, and arm.

FACNM
Fellow of the American College of Nuclear Medicine.

FACOG
Fellow of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.

FACP
Fellow of the American College of Physicians.

FACS
Fellow of the American College of Surgeons.

FACSM
Fellow of the American College of Sports Medicine.

factitial
(fak-tish´әl) factitious.

factitial dermatitis
any of various types of self-inflicted lesions, usually produced by mechanical means, burning, or application of chemical irritants or caustics.

factitious
(fak-tish´әs) artificially induced; not natural.

factitious disorder
a mental disorder characterized by repeated, knowing simulation of physical or psychological symptoms for no apparent purpose other than obtaining treatment. Unlike malingering there is no recognizable motive for feigning illness. It is subtyped on the basis of whether the predominant signs and symptoms are physical (Munc...

factitious disorder by proxy
a form of factitious disorder in which one person (usually a mother) intentionally fabricates or induces signs and symptoms of one or more physical (Munchausen syndrome by proxy) or psychological disorders in another person under their care (usually a child) and subjects that person to needless and sometimes dangerous or disfig...

factor
(fak´tәr) an agent or element that contributes to the production of a result.

factor B
a complement component that participates in the alternative complement pathway.

factor D
a factor that when activated serves as a serine esterase in the alternative complement pathway.

factor H
a complement system regulatory protein that inhibits the alternative pathway of complement activation.

factor I
fibrinogen: a coagulation factor that is a high-molecular-weight plasma protein and is converted to fibrin through the action of thrombin. Deficiency of this factor results in the blood clotting problems of afibrinogenemia or hypofibrinogenemia.

factor I
a plasma enzyme that regulates both classical and alternative pathways of complement activation by inactivating their C3 convertases.

factor II
prothrombin: a coagulation factor that is a plasma protein and is converted to the active form thrombin (factor IIa) by cleavage by activated factor X (Xa) in the common pathway of coagulation. Thrombin then cleaves fibrinogen to its active form fibrin. Deficiency of the factor leads to hypoprothrombinemia.

factor III
tissue thromboplastin: a coagulation factor derived from several different sources in the body, such as brain and lung; it is important in the formation of extrinsic prothrombin converting principle in the extrinsic pathway of coagulation. Called also tissue factor. See also activated partial thromboplastin time.

factor IV
calcium: a coagulation factor required in many phases of blood clotting.

factor IX
plasma thromboplastin component, a coagulation factor that is relatively storage-stable and is involved in the intrinsic pathway of coagulation. Upon activation, it activates factor X. Deficiency results in hemophilia B. Called also Christmas factor and antihemophilic factor B.

factor IX complex
a sterile, freeze-dried powder consisting of partially purified factor IX fraction, as well as concentrated fractions of factors II, VII, and X, from venous plasma from healthy human donors. It is used in the prophylaxis and treatment of bleeding in patients with hemophilia B, replacement of factor VII in patients deficient in that f...

factor P
properdin.

factor V
proaccelerin: a coagulation factor that is heat- and storage-labile, present in plasma but not in serum, and functions in both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of coagulation. It catalyzes the cleavage of prothrombin to the active thrombin. Deficiency of this factor, an autosomal recessive trait, leads to a rare hemorrhagic tende...

factor VI
a coagulation factor previously thought to be an activated form of factor V, but no longer considered in the scheme of hemostasis.

factor VII
proconvertin: a coagulation factor that is heat- and storage-stable and participates in the extrinsic pathway of coagulation. It is activated by contact with calcium, and in concert with factor III it activates factor X. Deficiency of this factor, which may be hereditary (autosomal recessive) or acquired (associated with vitamin K de...

factor VIII
antihemophilic factor, a coagulation factor that is relatively storage-labile and participates in the intrinsic pathway of coagulation, acting (in concert with the von Willebrand factor) as a cofactor in activation of factor X. Deficiency, an X-linked recessive trait, causes hemophilia A. Called also antihemophilic globulin and antih...

factor X
Stuart factor, a coagulation factor that is storage-stable and participates in both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of coagulation, uniting them to begin the common pathway of coagulation. Once activated, it forms a complex with calcium, phospholipid, and factor V, which is called prothrombinase; this can cleave and activate pro...

factor XI
plasma thromboplastin antecedent, a stable coagulation factor that is involved in the intrinsic pathway of coagulation; once activated, it activates factor IX. See also factor XI deficiency. Called also antihemophilic factor C.

factor XI deficiency
an inherited disorder caused by a lack of coagulation factor XI. It has been observed mostly in persons of Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry and is characterized by recurring episodes of minor bleeding and mild bruising, severe prolonged bleeding after surgical procedures, and prolonged recalcification and partial thromboplastin ...

factor XII
Hageman factor: a stable coagulation factor that is activated by contact with glass or other foreign surfaces and initiates the intrinsic pathway of coagulation by activating factor XI. Deficiency of this factor results in a tendency toward thrombosis.

factor XIII
fibrin-stabilizing factor, a coagulation factor that changes fibrin monomers to polymers so that they become stable and insoluble in urea, which allows fibrin to form a firm blood clot. Deficiency of this factor gives a person hemorrhagic tendencies. Called also fibrinase and protransglutaminase. The activated form is also call...

facultative
(fak´әl-ta″tiv) not obligatory; pertaining to or characterized by the ability to adjust to particular circumstances or to assume a particular role.

facultative parasite
one that may be parasitic upon another organism but can exist independently.

faculty
(fak´әl-te) a normal power or function, especially of the mind. the teaching staff of an institute of learning.

FAD
flavin adenine dinucleotide.

Fahr-Volhard disease
(fahr´ fōl´hahrt) the malignant form of arteriolar nephrosclerosis.

Fahrenheit scale
(F) a temperature scale with the freezing point of water at 32 degrees and the normal boiling point of water at 212 degrees. The abbreviation 100°F should be read “one hundred degrees Fahrenheit.”

Fahrenheit thermometer
one that uses the Fahrenheit scale.

failure
(fāl´yәr) inability to perform or to function properly.

failure to thrive
failure to thrive syndrome physical and developmental retardation in infants and small children, seen in some with a physical illness but more often in those suffering from psychosocial effects such as lack of adequate maternal care. Characteristics include lack of physical growth and below normal skills of muscle coordination, ...

faint
(fānt) a temporary loss of consciousness that is self-correcting, caused by ischemia of the brain. It may be due to a neurologic reaction, such as to fear, hunger, pain, or an emotional or physical shock. Although fainting may be considered a mild form of shock, it is not as serious as true shock. Called also synco...

Fajersztajn crossed sciatic sign
in sciatica, the hip on the affected side can be flexed only when the knee is flexed, not when the limb is held straight; flexing the sound thigh with the limb on that side held straight causes pain on the affected side.

falcial
(fal´shәl) pertaining to a falx.

falciform
(fal´sĭ-form) sickle-shaped.

falciform ligament
falciform ligament of liver a sickle-shaped sagittal fold of peritoneum that helps attach the liver to the diaphragm.

falciform process
(of fascia lata) the lateral margin of the saphenous hiatus. (of pelvic fascia) thickening of the superior fascia, from the ischial spine to the pubis. Henle ligament.

falcular
(fal´ku-lәr) falciform.

fall-and-rise phenomenon
the drop in the number of bacteria that occurs at the beginning of drug treatment and the gradual rise that follows, even while treatment continues.

fallopian artery
uterine artery.

fallopian tube
(fә-lo´pe-әn) a slender tube extending laterally from the uterus toward the ovary, one on each side, allowing passage of oocytes to the cavity of the uterus and of spermatozoa in the opposite direction. Called also uterine tube and oviduct. Uterine, or fallopian, tube.

false aneurysm
one in which the entire wall is injured and the blood is contained by the surrounding tissues, with eventual formation of a sac communicating with the artery or heart. pseudoaneurysm.

false ankylosis
fibrous ankylosis reduced joint mobility due to proliferation of fibrous tissue.

false ganglion
an enlargement of a nerve that does not have a true ganglionic structure.

false hermaphroditism
pseudohermaphroditism.

false labor
false pains.

false membrane
pseudomembrane.

false neuroma
one that does not contain nerve elements.

false pains
ineffective pains during pregnancy that resemble labor pains but are not accompanied by cervical dilatation; see also Braxton-Hicks contractions. Called also false labor.

false paralysis
pseudoparalysis.

false pelvis
pelvis major.

false pregnancy
development of the signs of pregnancy without the presence of an embryo; called also pseudocyesis and pseudopregnancy.

false proteinuria
adventitious proteinuria.

false ribs
the five lower ribs on either side, not attached directly to the sternum.

false suture
a line of junction between apposed surfaces without fibrous union of the bones.

false tumor
pseudotumor.

false-negative
(fawls´ neg´ә-tiv) denoting a test result that wrongly excludes an individual from a diagnostic or other category. an individual so excluded. an instance of such a result; called also false-negative reaction.

false-positive
(fawls´ pos´ĭ-tiv) denoting a test result that wrongly assigns an individual to a diagnostic or other category. an individual so categorized. an instance of such a result; called also false-positive reaction.

falsification
(fawl″sĭ-fĭ-ka´shәn) a deliberate misstatement or misrepresentation. retrospective falsification unconscious distortion of memories of past experiences to conform to present emotional needs.

falx
(falks) pl. fal´ces Latin word meaning sickle.. In anatomy, it used to mean a sickle-shaped structure. falx cerebelli the fold of dura mater separating the cerebellar hemispheres. falx cerebri a sickle-shaped fold of dura mater in the longitudinal fissure, w...

famciclovir
(fam-si´klo-vir) a prodrug of penciclovir that is converted to the active drug following administration, used in the treatment of herpes zoster, of genital herpes, and of mucocutaneous herpes simplex in immunocompromised patients; administered orally.

familial
(fә-mil´e-әl) occurring in or affecting more members of a family than would be expected by chance. The term is often incorrectly equated with genetic.

familial amyloid polyneuropathy
autosomal dominant amyloid polyneuropathy, associated with familial amyloidosis; it may be subclassified on the basis of affected kinships or on the basis of symptoms and the biochemical composition of the affected fibrils.

familial amyloidosis
any inherited form of amyloidosis. The term is usually used to mean any of various systemic autosomal dominant disorders of amyloid deposition that involve the nervous system (polyneuropathies). The most common form, designated ATTR amyloidosis, is associated with various mutations of the transthyretin protein, although rare mu...

familial atypical mole syndrome
familial atypical mole–melanoma syndromefamilial atypical mole–malignant melanoma syndromeFAMMM syndrome dysplastic nevus syndrome.

familial bilateral giant cell tumor
cherubism.

familial centrolobar sclerosis
a progressive familial form of leukoencephalopathy marked by nystagmus, ataxia, tremor, parkinsonian facies, dysarthria, and mental deterioration.