Copy of `Dorland's Medical Dictionary`

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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 31/12/2010, USA Words: 39128

fl dr
fluid dram.

fl oz
fluid ounce.

flaccid
(flak´sid) (flas´id) weak, lax, or soft; applied especially to muscles. atonic.

flaccid paralysis
paralysis with loss of muscle tone of the paralyzed part and absence of tendon reflexes.

Flack node
sinoatrial node.

Flack test
(of physical efficiency) after a full inhalation the subject blows as long as possible into a mercury manometer with a force of 40 mm mercury.

flag sign
dyspigmentation of the hair occurring as a band of light hair, seen in children who have recovered from kwashiorkor.

flagella
(flә-jel´ә) plural of flagellum.

flagellar
(flә-jel´әr) of or pertaining to a flagellum.

flagellar antigen
H antigen.

flagellate
(flaj´ә-lit) (-lāt) (flә-jel´it) having flagella. any microorganism having flagella. mastigote. to practice flagellation.

flagellate cell
any cell having a flagellum or flagella.

flagellation
(flaj″ә-la´shәn) whipping or being whipped to achieve erotic pleasure. exflagellation. the formation or arrangement of flagella on an organism or surface.

flagelliform
(flә-jel´ĭ-form) shaped like a flagellum or lash.

flagellin
(flә-jel´in) a protein (mol. wt. approximately 40,000) occurring in the flagella of bacteria, which is composed of subunits arranged in several-stranded helix formation somewhat resembling myosin in structure, and sometimes containing ε-N-methyl lysine. Its composition varies with the species; thus flag...

flagellosis
(flaj″ә-lo´sis) infection with mastigotes (flagellates).

flagellum
(flә-jel´әm) pl. flagel´la a long, mobile, whiplike appendage arising from a basal body at the surface of a cell, serving as a locomotor organelle; in eukaryotic cells, flagella contain nine pairs of microtubules arrayed around a central pair; in bacteria, they contain tightly wound strands of flagellin...

Flagyl
(flag´әl) trademark for preparations of metronidazole, an antibacterial and antiprotozoal agent.

flail
(flāl) exhibiting abnormal or pathologic mobility, such as a flail chest or a flail joint.

flail joint
an unusually mobile joint, such as results when joint resection is done to relieve pain.

flail mitral valve
a mitral valve having a cusp that has lost its normal support (as in ruptured chordae tendineae) and flutters in the blood stream.

Flajani disease
(flә-jah´ne) Graves disease.

flame
(flām) the luminous, irregular appearance usually accompanying combustion, or an appearance resembling it. to render sterile by exposure to a flame.

flaming plasma cell
an abnormal plasma cell that stains red to violet, probably because it contains immunoglobulins with a high carbohydrate content.

flank
(flank) lateral region.

flap
(flap) a mass of tissue for grafting, usually including skin, only partially removed from one part of the body so that it retains its own blood supply during transfer to another site. an uncontrolled movement.

flap amputation
closed amputation.

flap extraction
removal of a cataract by making a flap in the cornea.

flap operation
any operation involving the raising of a flap of tissue. in periodontics, an operation to secure greater access to granulation tissue and osseous defects, consisting of detachment of the gingivae, the alveolar mucosa, and/or a portion of the palatal mucosa. flap amputation.

flapless amputation
guillotine amputation.

flapping tremor
asterixis.

flare
(flār) a diffuse area of redness on the skin around the point of application of an irritant, due to vasomotor reaction. a red streak or patchy urticaria along a vein, usually associated with the intravenous infusion of a hypotonic solution or of certain medications. It normally disappears within one t...

flash burn
a burn caused by a very short exposure to a flash of radiant heat, such as in an explosion or a sudden discharge of electricity.

flash sterilization
sterilization of unwrapped equipment at 132°C for three to ten minutes using steam.

flask
(flask) a laboratory vessel, usually of glass and with a constricted neck.

flask ulcer
an ulcer of the intestine in amebic dysentery.

flat affect
lack of emotional expression.

flat bone
one whose thickness is slight, sometimes consisting of only a thin layer of compact bone, or of two layers with intervening cancellous bone and marrow; usually curved rather than flat.

flat foot
flatfoot.

flat pelvis
one in which the anteroposterior dimension is abnormally reduced.

flat wart
verruca plana.

Flatau-Schilder disease
(flah´tou shil´dәr) Schilder disease.

flatfoot
(flat´foot) a condition in which one or more arches of the foot have flattened out; called also pes planus, pes valgus, platypodia, and tarsoptosis.

flatness
(flat´nis) a peculiar sound lacking resonance, heard on percussing an abnormally solid part.

flatulence
(flat´u-lәns) excessive formation of gases in the stomach or intestine.

flatulent
(flat´u-lәnt) characterized by flatulence; distended with gas.

flatus
(fla´tәs) gas or air in the gastrointestinal tract. gas or air expelled through the anus.

flatworm
(flat´wәrm) an individual organism of the phylum Platyhelminthes; those parasitic in humans include tapeworms and flukes. Called also platyhelminth.

flaval ligaments
ligamenta flava.

flavin
(fla´vin) any of a group of water-soluble yellow pigments widely distributed in animals and plants, including riboflavin and yellow enzymes. flavin adenine dinucleotide(FAD) a coenzyme that forms the prosthetic group (non-protein component) of certain enzymes, including ...

Flaviviridae
(fla″vĭ-vir´ĭ-de) the flaviviruses: a family of RNA viruses that includes viruses that cause dengue, encephalitis, and hepatitis C. It includes the genera Flavivirus and Hepacivirus.

Flavivirus
(fla´vĭ-vi″rәs) a genus of viruses of the family Flaviviridae of worldwide distribution, including those that cause yellow fever, dengue, Japanese B encephalitis, St. Louis encephalitis, tick-borne encephalitis, and West Nile encephalitis. Mosquitoes are the most common vector, with some species being tick-bo...

flavivirus
(fla´vә-vi″rәs) any virus of the family Flaviviridae.

Flavobacterium
(fla″vo-bak-tēr´e-әm) a genus of gram-negative, aerobic or facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria, characteristically producing a yellow pigment. Organisms occur widely in soil and water and are opportunistic pathogens in humans. F. meningosep´ticum causes a highly fatal meningitis with septicemia...

flavoenzyme
(fla″vo-en´zīm) any enzyme containing a flavin nucleotide (FMN or FAD) as a prosthetic group (non–amino acid component).

flavoprotein
(fla″vo-pro´tēn) a conjugated protein containing a flavin nucleotide.

flavoxate
(fla-voks´āt) a smooth muscle relaxant administered orally as the hydrochloride salt as a urinary tract antispasmodic for relief of symptoms associated with various urologic disorders.

flax-dresser's disease
byssinosis in flax-dressers.

flaxseed oil
linseed oil.

flea
(fle) a small, wingless, bloodsucking insect. Many fleas are ectoparasites and may act as disease carriers; they act as vectors of such diseases as plague, tularemia, and brucellosis.

flea typhus
flea-borne typhus murine typhus.

flea-bitten kidney
one with small, randomly scattered dark spots on its surface.

flecainide
(flә-ka´nīd) a sodium channel blocking agent that decreases the rate of cardiac conduction and increases the ventricular refractory period; used as the acetate salt in treatment of life-threatening arrhythmias.

Flechsig primordial zones
the cortex of the ascending frontal gyrus and the ascending parietal gyrus of the brain.

Flechsig tract
posterior spinocerebellar tract..

Flegel disease
(fla´gәl) hyperkeratosis lenticularis perstans.

Fleischner disease
(flīsh´nәr) osteochondritis affecting the middle phalanges of the hand.

flesh
(flesh) the soft muscular tissue of the body. goose flesh transitory erection of the hair follicles due to contraction of the arrectores muscles, a reflection of sympathetic nerve discharge such as occurs with cold or shock; called also cutis anserina. proud flesh&...

flesh-eating bacteria
popular name for Streptococcus pyogenes, the cause of necrotizing fasciitis.

Fletcher factor
prekallikrein.

flex
(fleks) to bend or put in a state of flexion.

Flexeril
(flek´sә-ril) trademark for a preparation of cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride, a skeletal muscle relaxant.

flexibility
(flek″sĭ-bil´ĭ-te) the state of being unusually pliant. waxy flexibility a rigidity of the body in which the patient maintains whatever body position they are placed in, the limbs having a heavy waxy malleability; this sometimes occurs in severe cases of catatonic...

flexion
(flek´shәn) the act of bending or the condition of being bent. in obstetrics, the normal bending forward of the head of the fetus in the uterus or birth canal so that the chin rests on the chest, thereby presenting the smallest diameter of the vertex. plantar flexion ...

flexion reflex
a reflex that results in movement of a limb or part toward the body, often in response to a painful stimulus; it may cause a crossed extension reflex in the contralateral body part.

Flexner-Wintersteiner rosette
(fleks´nәr vin´tәr-shti″nәr) a spoke- and wheel-shaped cell formation seen in retinoblastoma and certain other ophthalmic tumors.

flexor
(flek´sor) causing flexion. a muscle that flexes a joint, such as one that raises a thigh or bends an elbow.

flexor accessorius muscle
quadratus plantae muscle.

flexor carpi radialis muscle
radial flexor muscle of wrist: origin, medial epicondyle of humerus; insertion, base of second metacarpal; innervation, median nerve; action, flexes and abducts wrist joint.

flexor carpi ulnaris muscle
ulnar flexor muscle of wrist (2 heads): origin,HUMERAL HEAD—medial epicondyle of humerus, ULNAR HEAD—olecranon, ulna, intermuscular septum; insertion, pisiform bone, hook of hamate bone, proximal end of fifth metacarpal bone; innervation, ulnar nerve; action, flexes and adducts wrist joint.

flexor digitorum brevis muscle
short flexor muscle of toes: origin, medial tuberosity of calcaneus, plantar fascia; insertion, middle phalanges of four lateral toes; innervation, medial plantar nerve; action, flexes four lateral toes.

flexor digitorum longus muscle
long flexor muscle of toes: origin, posterior surface of shaft of tibia; insertion, distal phalanges of four lateral toes; innervation, posterior tibial nerve; action, flexes toes and plantar flexes foot.

flexor digitorum profundus muscle
deep flexor muscle of fingers: origin, shaft of ulna, coronoid process, interosseous membrane; insertion, bases of distal phalanges of fingers; innervation, ulnar and anterior interosseous nerves; action, flexes distal phalanges.

flexor hallucis brevis muscle
short flexor muscle of great toe: origin, undersurface of cuboid bone, lateral cuneiform bone; insertion (2 heads): both sides of base of proximal phalanx of toe, one head on each side; innervation, medial plantar nerve; action, flexes big (great) toe.

flexor hallucis longus muscle
long flexor muscle of great toe: origin, posterior surface of fibula; insertion, base of distal phalanx of great toe; innervation, tibial nerve; action, flexes big (great) toe.

flexor pollicis brevis muscle
short flexor muscle of thumb: origin,SUPERFICIAL HEAD—flexor retinaculum of hand, distal part of tubercle of trapezium; DEEP HEAD (when present)—trapezoid and capitate bones and palmar ligaments of distal row of carpal bones; insertion, radial side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb; innervation, median and ulnar nerves...

flexor pollicis longus muscle
long flexor muscle of thumb: origin, anterior surface of radius, interosseous membrane, and medial epicondyle of humerus or coronoid process of ulna; insertion, base of distal phalanx of thumb; innervation, anterior interosseous nerve; action, flexes thumb.

flexor retinaculum
flexor retinaculum of hand.

flexorplasty
(flek´sor-plas″te) plastic surgery of flexor muscles.

flexura
(flek-shoo´rә) pl. flexu´rae Latin word meaning flexure; a term used in anatomy.

flexural psoriasis
inverse psoriasis.

flexure
(flek´shәr) a bend or fold.

flight of ideas
a nearly continuous flow of rapid speech that jumps from topic to topic, usually based on discernible associations, distractions, or plays on words, but in severe cases so rapid as to be disorganized and incoherent. It is most commonly seen in manic episodes but may also occur in other mental disorders, such as in manic p...

Flinders Island spotted fever
an acute infection occurring during the summer months in Australia, caused by Rickettsia honei and transferred to humans by the reptile tick Aponomma hydrosauri; characteristics include fever, myalgia, headache, and an eschar and rash.

flint disease
(flint) chalicosis.

Flint murmur
Austin Flint murmur.

floaters
(flo´tәrz) “spots before the eyes”; deposits in the vitreous of the eye, usually moving about and probably representing fine aggregates of vitreous protein occurring as a benign degenerative change.

floating beta disease
familial dysbetalipoproteinemia.

floating cartilage
a detached portion of semilunar cartilage in the knee joint.

floating kidney
nephroptosis.